INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

THE DEVADASIS IN INDIA: LEGISLATIVE PROTECTION AND BEYOND BY- Swarnika Tirkey, Hiten Joshi & Rahul Sharma

Authors : Swarnika Tirkey, Hiten Joshi & Rahul Sharma

Registration ID : 106129 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6129, IJLRA6130 & IJLRA6131

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : Pt. Ravishankar Shukla university, raipur, joshi.hiten60@gmail.com & rsshubham.sharma6@gmail.com

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REINFORCING ENVIRONMENTAL AND EDUCATIONAL FEDERALISM BY - Swarnika Tirkey, Hiten Joshi & Rahul Sharma

Authors : Swarnika Tirkey, Hiten Joshi & Rahul Sharma

Registration ID : 106126 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6126, IJLRA6127 & IJLRA6128

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : Pt. Ravishankar Shukla university, raipur, joshi.hiten60@gmail.com & rsshubham.sharma6@gmail.com

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FEMINIST CRIMINOLOGY: GENDERED NATURE OF VICTIMHOOD By: Mary Christine Delicia. M

Authors : Mary Christine Delicia. M

Registration ID : 106125 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6125

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : delicia.228@gmail.com

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SEXUAL HARRASMENT OF WOMEN AT WORKPLACE ACT, 2013 IN ADRRESSING WORKPLACE HARRASMENT IN INDIA. BY - MISHA SINHA

Authors : MISHA SINHA

Registration ID : 106124 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6124

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : mishasinha123@gmail.com

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ACKNOWLEDGING THE TRENDS OF JUDICIAL ACTIVISM IN INDIAN FRAMEWORK BY - Swarnika Tirkey, Hiten Joshi & Rahul Sharma

Authors : Swarnika Tirkey, Hiten Joshi & Rahul Sharma

Registration ID : 106121 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6121, IJLRA6122 & IJLRA6123

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : Pt. Ravishankar Shukla university, raipur, joshi.hiten60@gmail.com & rsshubham.sharma6@gmail.com

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ADDRESSING VOYEURISM IN INDIA: LEGAL IMPLICATIONS AND EFFECTIVENESS BY: D DONNA GADIEL

Authors : D DONNA GADIEL

Registration ID : 106120 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6120

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : donnagadiel2003@gmail.com

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THE HISTORY OF HOMOSEXUALITY IN INDIA AND THE NAVTEJ SINGH JOHAR CASE: NAVIGATING THE ROAD AHEAD BY - ANURAG NAIR

Authors : KANURAG NAIR

Registration ID : 106119 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6119

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : 22bal138@nirmauni.ac.in

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STRAY DOG MENACE IN INDIA MANS BEST FRIEND OR FOE? BY - KURIACHAN JOSEY

Authors : KURIACHAN JOSEY

Registration ID : 106118 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6118

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : advkuriachanjosey@gmail.com

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GENETIC PRIVACY AND DNA REGULATIONS INDIAS LANDSCAPE BY - AMOL YADAV

Authors : AMOL YADAV

Registration ID : 106117 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6117

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : amolyadav857@gmail.com

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RIGHT OF PATIENTS IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL STATUTES AND PRECEDENTS BY: GEETHNNJALI J

Authors : GEETHNNJALI J

Registration ID : 106116 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6116

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : jgeethanjali05@gmail.com

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Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2023-95816193/RIGHT OF PATIENTS IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

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[3] K.C. Tarachand, Devadasi Custom: Rural Social Structure and Flesh Markets, 197, Reliance Pub. House, New Delhi (1992).

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[6] Geetanjali Gangoli, Indian Feminisms: Law, Patriarchies and Violence in India, 132, Ashgate Publishing Limited (2007).

[7] Prabha Kotiswaran, Preparing for Civil Disobedience: Indian Sex Workers and the Law, 21 B.C, Third World L.J., 178 (2001) http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/twlj/vol21/iss2/1

[9] Karuna Sharma, The Social World of Prostitutes and Devadasis: A Study of the Social Structure and Its Politics in Early Modern India, 9 J. of Int’l Women’s Studies 297, 300 (2007).

[11] S. Anandhi, Representing Devadasis: 'Dasigal Mosavalai' as a Radical Text, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol.

[13] Gail Pheterson, The Prostitution Prism, 234, Amsterdam University Press (1996).

[15] Shannon Bell, Reading, Writing and Rewriting the Prostitute Body, 103, Indiana University Press (1994).

[18] Megan Rowland, A Light in the Darkness: Fighting Ritualistic Prostitution in South India, 1, http://www.hart uk.org/wp -content/uploads/2013/07/A -Light -in -the -Darkness.pdf

[19] S.Kersenboom, Nityasumangali: Devadasi Tradition in South India, 54, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi (2002).

[20] K.Parker, A Corporation of Superior Prostitutes: Anglo-Indian Legal Conceptions of Temple Dancing Girls, 1800– 1914, Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 32, Issue. No. 3, 560 (1998).

[23] Owen Dean, Former Religious Prostitutes Help Those Still Trapped, World Vision eNews http://www.worldvision.

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/child/eNews_india_051606

[24] Rohini Sahni & V. Kalyan Shankar, Sex Work and its Linkages with Informal Labour Markets in India: Findings from the First Pan-India Survey of Female Sex Workers, 46, IDS Working Paper, Vol. 2013 No. 416 (2013).

[25] Pami Vyas, Reconceptualizing Domestic Violence in India: Economic Abuse and the Need for Broad Statutory Interpretation to Promote Women’s Fundamental Rights, 13 Mich. J. Gender & L. 177, 180-81 (2006).

[27] Articles 36-51, Constitution of India, 1950.

[33] Maria-Costanza Torri, Abuse of Lower Castes in South India: The Institution of Devadasi, Journal of International Women's Studies Vol.11 Issue No.2, 48 (2009).

[34] P M Nair, A report on trafficking in women and children in India 2002 - 2003, New Delhi, NHRC, UNIFEM ISS, 365 (2004) http://nhrc.nic.in/Documents/ReportonTrafficking.pdf (Accessed 1 October 2017).

[36] Convention for the Suppression of Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others, July 25, 1951, 96 U.N.T.S. 271.

[37] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Dec. 16 1966, 999 U.N.T.S. 171.

[39] The Devadasis were said to have developed various forms of dances and arts such as Bharatnatyam. Such form of classical dance has now become the identity of India on a global pedestal. ⁴⁰Supra note 2.

[40] The News Minute, Andhra to Frame Rules to Rehabilitate Devadasis, December 10, 2015 http://www.thequint.com/india/2015/12/10/andhra -to -frame -rules -to -rehabilitate -devadasis (Accessed on 1 October 1, 2017).

[41] Deccan Herald, Centre asks states to stop Devadasi system, December 28, 2015 http://www.deccanherald.com/content/519925/centre -asks -states -stop -devadasi.html . 43

[2] Wheare, K C. 1963. ‘Federal Government’

[3] Philip Mawhood, “The Politics of Survival: Federal States in the Third World”, International Political Science Review, Vol 5(4), (1984): 521-531.

[4] K. R. Sudhamam, “Has Niti Aayog pushed fiscal federalism forward”, Deccan Herald, June 3, 2018.

[5] Ajay Kumar Singh, “An emerging national federalism”, in The Union and the States: A Symposium on the changing federal dynamics in India, ed. Yamini Aiyer& Louis Tillin, Seminar, May 2019.

[7] Niranjan Sahoo, “COVID-19 and cooperative federalism in India: So far, so good”, ORF Expert Speak, 30 April 2020

[8] Entry 18, List II, Schedule VII, Constitution of India

[11]A.K. Singh, Union Model of Indian Federalism. (New Delhi: CFS & Manak Publications, 2009).

[13] Ashutosh Varshney, “How has Indian Federalism done,” 43-46

[14] Commission on Centre-State relations, Report Volume 1, 2020

[15] Commission on Centre-State relations, Report Volume 1, 2010

[1] Kimberlé Crenshaw, "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics," University of Chicago Legal Forum 1989 (1), 139-167

[2] Chakraborty, Kalpana. (2017). Caste, Class, and Gender Intersectionality in the Experiences of Violence: An Ethnographic Exploration among the Dalit Women of West Bengal, India. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 42(2), 385-411.

[3] Nagraj, M. (2003). Dalit Women Talk Differently: A Critique of 'Difference' and Towards a Dalit Feminist Standpoint Position. Economic and Political Weekly, 38(44), 4702-4710.

[4] Cho, S., Crenshaw, K. W., & McCall, L. (2013). Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 38(4), 785-810.

[5] Harris, A. P. (1990). Race and Essentialism in Feminist Legal Theory. Stanford Law Review, 42(3), 581-616.

[6] Bauer, G. R., Ahmed, R., & Coleman, T. A. (2017). Incorporating Intersectionality Theory into Population Health Research Methodology: Challenges and the Potential to Advance Health Equity. Social Science & Medicine, 110-117.

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[8] Chakravarti, U. (1993). Conceptualizing sexual violence in patriarchal society: An overview. Economic and Political Weekly, 28(17), 747-753.

[9] Vishaka and Others v. State of Rajasthan and Others (1997) 6 SCC 241.

[10] The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 (No. 13 of 2013), Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 1, 21 March 2013.

[11] The "Nirbhaya" Case (2012): In December 2012, a brutal gang rape and murder case in Delhi, India, sparked nationwide protests and led to significant changes in India's laws on sexual violence.

[12] Bose, C. E. (2013). Constructing Feminine Victimhood: The Representation of Women in Hindi Women's Magazines. Media, Culture & Society, 35(8), 963-978.

[13] Sen, A. (2000). The Many Faces of Gender Inequality. New Republic, 33-39.

[14] S.R. Batra v. Taruna Batra, (2006) 3 SCC 530.

[15] Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (No. 43 of 2005).

[16] Menon, N. (2007). Gender and Politics in India. Oxford University Press.

[17] Bhanwari Devi case (1992): Bhanwari Devi, a lower-caste woman, was gang-raped for attempting to prevent a child marriage in Rajasthan, India. Her case led to widespread protests and legal reforms in India.

[18] Kabeer, N. (2005). Gender equality and women's empowerment: A critical analysis of the third Millennium Development Goal 1. Gender & Development, 13(1), 13-24.

[19] State of West Bengal v. Anwar Ali Sarkar, AIR 1952 SC 75.

[20] Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (No. 43 of 2005).

[21] Chakravarti, U. (2013). Families in India: Beliefs and Realities. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 44(3), 339-359

[22] The "Delhi Gang Rape" Case (2012): The gang rape and murder of a young woman in Delhi in December 2012 led to widespread protests and discussions about gender-based violence and legal reforms in India.

[23] Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W. (2012). Social role theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 458-476). SAGE Publications Ltd.

[24] State of Punjab v. Iqbal Singh, AIR 1991 SC 1538.

[25] Rupan Deol Bajaj v. Kanwar Pal Singh Gill, (1996) 2 SCC 648

[26] Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 139-167.

[27] Rappaport, J. (1987). Terms of Empowerment/Exemplars of Prevention: Toward a Theory for Community Psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15(2), 121-148.

[28] International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF. (2017). National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), India, 2015-16: State Fact Sheet.

[29] Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (No. 43 of 2005).

[30] Duflo, E. (2012). Women's Empowerment and Economic Development. Journal of Economic Literature, 50(4), 1051-1079.

[31] Vimochana. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://vimochana.net/

[33] State of Punjab v. Gurmit Singh, (1996) 2 SCC 384

[34] Stop Victim Blaming (n.d.). Retrieved from https://stopvictimblaming.in/.

[35] State of U.P. v. Naushad, Criminal Appeal No. 314 of 2013.

[36] Supreme Court of India (2018). Guidelines regarding the Identity of Victims of Rape (In re: Destruction of Evidence v. State of Bihar). Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 167 of 2012.

[37] The Media Foundation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.themediarumble.com/media-foundation.

[38] Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (No. 43 of 2005).

[39] The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 (No. 13 of 2013).

[40] Vimochana. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://vimochana.net/

[41] The "Nirbhaya Fund" (2013): Established in the aftermath of the 2012 Delhi gang rape case to support initiatives addressing violence against women

[42] Vishaka and Others v. State of Rajasthan and Others (1997) 6 SCC 241.

[43] State of Punjab v. Gurmit Singh, (1996) 2 SCC 384.

[44] Majlis Legal Centre. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://majlislaw.com/.

[45] Lawyers Collective. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lawyerscollective.org/.

[46] Lata Singh v. State of U.P., (2006) 5 SCC 475.

[47] Shayara Bano v. Union of India, (2017) 9 SCC 1.

[48] Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (No. 43 of 2005).

[49] The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 (No. 33 of 1989).

[50] Bhanwari Devi v. State of Rajasthan (1992) 6 SCC 503.

[51] Information Technology Act, 2000 (No. 21 of 2000)

[53] Cyber Peace Foundation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cyberpeace.org/.

[54] Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (No. 43 of 2005).

[55] State of Maharashtra v. Madhukar Narayan, Criminal Appeal No. 493 of 2015.

[56] Sakhi. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://sakhi.org/.

[57] Majlis Legal Centre. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://majlislaw.com/.

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[1] "The Origin and Current Meanings of 'Judicial Activism'". Cal. L. Rev. 92 (5): 1441–1477.

[2] as quoted in "Takings Clause Jurisprudence: Muddled, Perhaps; Judicial Activism, No", Geo. JL & Pub. Pol'y, 2002

[4] Ref. to the Article, When seed for Judicial Activism was sowed, ?The Hindustan Times? (New Delhi ) dated 01-04-96, p.9

[13] Writ Petition (Civil) No. 13381/1984 | 28-08-2018

[15] Ref. to the Article, National Law Day: Judicial activism based on flawed premise, says Arun Jaitley

, ?The Indian Express dated 26-11-17

[1] The Author is a 3^rd year BCOM LLB (Hons.) Student at the School of Excellence in Law, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University

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[3] Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, No.32, Acts of Parliament, 2012 (India).

^{^[4]} The Tamil Nadu Prohibition of Eve-teasing Act, 1998, No.44, Acts of Parliament, 1998 (India).

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[7] Criminal Law (Amendment) Act of 2013, No.13, Acts of Parliament, 2013 (India).

[8] Information Technology Amendment Act, 2008, No.10, Acts of Parliament, 2009 (India).

[11] European Convention on Human Rights, Rome, 4.XI.1950.

[13] Voyeurism (Offences) Act, 2019 CHAPTER 2 (UK)

[16] Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, Sch 1, No.2, Acts of Parliament, 1974 (India).

[21] Kalandi Charan Lenka v State of Orissa, 2001 II OLR 267.

[22] Govind v. State of Maharashtra, 1975 AIR 1378, 1975 SCR (3) 946.

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^{^[19]} Supreme Court asks Animal Welfare Board for 'enduring solution' to Kerala stray dogs issue , INDIA TODAY,https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/supreme-court-kerala-stray-dog-case-notice-child-rights-body-relief-attacks-2405452-2023-07-12(last visited on September 26, 2023)

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^{^[22]} Deep Dive: How Can India Humanely Solve its Growing Stray Dog Problem? , THE BETTER INDIA,https://www.thebetterindia.com/319633/how-can-india-manage-and-solutions-for-stray-dogs-animal-rights-experts/(last visited on September 27, 2023)

^{^[25]} Opinion: What Explains India's Privileged Treatment of Street Dogs? - THE WIRE SCIENCE, https://science.thewire.in/health/abc-rules-street-dogs/(last visited on September 27, 2023)

^{^[27]} After slums and monkeys, Delhi removes stray dogs from streets as G20 nears, REUTERS, https://www.reuters.com/world/china/after-slums-monkeys-delhi-removes-stray-dogs-streets-g20-nears-2023-09-07/(last visited on September 27, 2023)

[1] Authored by Amol Yadav, Jamia Millia Islamia.

[2] Srivastava, Ankit, et al. "Impact of DNA evidence in criminal justice system: Indian legislative perspectives." Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences 12.1 (2022): 51.

[3] Jana, Achin, and Kavita Singh. "Forensic DNA Profiling In India: An Emerging Human Rights Hazard." Indian Journal 1.1 (2022): 22.

[4] Bondre, Ameya, Soumitra Pathare, and John A. Naslund. "Protecting mental health data privacy in India: The case of data linkage with Aadhaar." Global Health: Science and Practice 9.3 (2021): 467-480.

[5] Graeme Laurie. Genetic Privacy: A Challenge to Medico-Legal Norms. 1^st Ed. Cambridge University Press. 2002.

[7] Garfinkel, Simson. De-identification of Personal Information:. US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2015.

[9] Siddhant Gupta, Bagmisikha Puhan. Genetic privacy and the DNA regulation bill, Lexology, 1^st Mar. 2021, https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=a0ba5f39-930f-45a5-b02c-ebd1b72f3aa9. Accessed on 21^st Sept. 2023.

[10] Heather Widdows, Caroline Mullen. The Governance of Genetic Information: Who Decides?. 1^st Ed. Cambridge University Press. 2009.

[11] Bishop, Martin J. Genetic databases. Academic Press, 1999.

[12] Clayton EW, Evans BJ, Hazel JW, Rothstein MA. The law of genetic privacy: applications, implications, and limitations. Journal Law Biosci. 14;6(1) (2019):1-36

[13] Hall, Mark A., and Stephen S. Rich. "Laws restricting health insurers' use of genetic information: impact on genetic discrimination." The American Journal of Human Genetics 66.1 (2000): 293-307.

[15] Bondre, Ameya, Soumitra Pathare, and John A. Naslund. "Protecting mental health data privacy in India: The case of data linkage with Aadhaar." Global Health: Science and Practice 9.3 (2021): 467-480.

[18] Kansra, Deepa, et al. "The DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019: A Critical Analysis." Indian Law Institute Law Review (2021).

[19] Joh, Elizabeth E. "DNA theft: recognizing the crime on nonconsensual genetic collection and testing." BuL Rev. 91 (2011): 665.

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IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
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THE DEVADASIS IN INDIA: LEGISLATIVE PROTECTION AND BEYOND BY- Swarnika Tirkey, Hiten Joshi & Rahul Sharma

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