ARTICLE 19(1)(A): PARAMOUNT LAW TO FREE SPEECH AND EXPRESSION BY - HARSHITA & SRISHTI BHARDWAJ

Authors :HARSHITA & SRISHTI BHARDWAJ

Registration ID : 106114 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6114 & IJLRA6115

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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Email Id : harshitagola902@gmail.com & srishti.siri2001@gmail.com

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"BREAKING THE CHAINS OF SILENCE: THE BATTLE AGAINST MARITAL RAPE" BY- SANSKAR PATIDAR & ADARSH SHARMA

Authors : SANSKAR PATIDAR & ADARSH SHARMA

Registration ID : 106112 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6112 & IJLRA6113

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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POLITICAL CONSTITUTIONALISM AND PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY: READING THE ESSENCE OF THE RIGHT OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN ARTICLE 21 OF THE CONSTITUTION. BY - NAKUL SINGH

Authors : NAKUL SINGH

Registration ID : 106111 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6111

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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Email Id : nakul219106@Nujs.edu

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THE ROLE OF PLATFORM AGENCIES IN THE DETERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT, PROTECTION, AND PROMOTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DOMESTIC WORKERS IN INDIA BY - LAKSHMI SANJANA. R

Authors : LAKSHMI SANJANA. R

Registration ID : 106110 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6110

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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Email Id : lakshmi6sanjana@gmail.com

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ANALYSIS OF RELATION BETWEEN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW AND COMPETITION LAW BY: - ISHWITA MONDAL

Authors : ISHWITA MONDAL

Registration ID : 106109 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6109

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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Email Id : ishwita1020@gmail.com

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NAVIGATING INSOLVENCY: ANALYSING THE NEXUS BETWEEN FINANCIAL DISTRESS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE EFFICACY BY - APOORV NEGI

Authors : APOORV NEGI

Registration ID : 106108 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6108

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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FEMINIST JURISPRUDENCE ON REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS OF WOMEN BY - DR. JESMIN BANU KHAN

Authors : DR. JESMIN BANU KHAN

Registration ID : 106107 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6107

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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Email Id : kjesmin90@gmail.com

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THE SECRET BEHIND TRADE SECRETS BY - MRUNMAI PRADEEP PIMPARKAR

Authors : MRUNMAI PRADEEP PIMPARKAR

Registration ID : 106106 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6106

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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Email Id : mrunmai.pimparkar120@ilslaw.in

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TRACING THE JOURNEY OF ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINES IN INDIA THROUGH JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS BY – ATUL RAJ

Authors : ATUL RAJ

Registration ID : 106105 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6105

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Email Id : atulraj0595@gmail.com

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THE VALUE OF A WOMENS VIRGINITY BY - SHIVANI MAHADEVAN & DIYA ABRAHAM

Authors : SHIVANI MAHADEVAN & DIYA ABRAHAM

Registration ID : 106103 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6103 & IJLRA6104

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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Email Id : shivani.mahadevan@law.christuniversity.in & diyamiria.abraham@law.christuniversity.in

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International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

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^{^[1]} Patti Feuereisen, Marital Rape Quotes (9 Quotes), 2005, https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/marital-rape.

^{^[2]} S. Subramanium, “Supreme Court to Hear Petitions Relating to Criminalisation of Marital Rape from March 14 - The Hindu,” The hindu burreaueau, 2023, https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-to-hear-petitions-relating-to-criminalisation-of-marital-rape-from-march-14/article66382195.ece.

^{^[3]} Ketan Tewari and Mansi Bisht, “Marital Rape: License to Rape or Not? - International Journal of Law Management & Humanities,” Hein online, 2018, https://www.ijlmh.com/paper/marital-rape-license-to-rape-or-not/.

^{^[6]} Ishita Chandra, “WHY EXCEPTION II OF SECTION 375 OF THE INDIAN PENAL CODE NEEDS TO BE DECLARED UNCONSTITUTIONAL,” Manupatra, 2022, https://articles.manupatra.com/article-details/WHY-EXCEPTION-II-OF-SECTION-375-OF-THE-INDIAN-PENAL-CODE-NEEDS-TO-BE-DECLARED-UNCONSTITUTIONAL.

^{^[7]} Ketan Tewari and Mansi Bisht, “Marital Rape: License to Rape or Not? - International Journal of Law Management & Humanities.”

^{^[8]} Ministry of Law and Justice, “The Constitution of India [As on 1st April, 2019],” 2019, 1–281.

^{^[9]} Ishita Chandra, “WHY EXCEPTION II OF SECTION 375 OF THE INDIAN PENAL CODE NEEDS TO BE DECLARED UNCONSTITUTIONAL,” Manupatra, 2022, https://articles.manupatra.com/article-details/WHY-EXCEPTION-II-OF-SECTION-375-OF-THE-INDIAN-PENAL-CODE-NEEDS-TO-BE-DECLARED-UNCONSTITUTIONAL.

^{^[10]} Ketan Tewari and Mansi Bisht, “Marital Rape: License to Rape or Not? - International Journal of Law Management & Humanities.”

^{^[12]} Indira Sharma, “Violence against Women: Where Are the Solutions?,” Indian Journal of Psychiatry 57, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 131, https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.158133.

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[22] Hanuman Laxman v. Union of India, Civil Appeal no. 12251 of 2018.

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[6] AIR 1983 SC 328

[2] Roitch Caroline Jerobn, The Interface Between Competition Law and Intellectual Property Law in Kenya(2014) (unpublished LLM Dissertation, University of Nairobi)

[4] Atul Patel, Aurobinda Panda, Akshay Deo, Siddhartha Khettry and Sujit Philip Mathew, “Intellectual Property Law and Competition Law” 6 Journal of International Law and Competition Law 122 (2011)

[6] K.D Raju, The Inevitable Connection between Intellectual Property and Competition Law:

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[7] Atul Patel, Aurobinda Panda, Akshay Deo, Siddhartha Khettry and Sujit Philip Mathew, “Intellectual Property Law and Competition Law” 6 Journal of International Law and Competition Law 128 (2011)

[9] Lakshmikumaran and Sridharan attorneys, Interface between Competition Law and Intellectual Property Laws Indian Perspective, available at: https://www.lakshmisri.com/Media/Uploads/Documents/Interface%20between%20Competition%20Law%20and%20Intellectual%20Property%20Laws%20-%20INDIAN%20PERSPECTIVE.pdf. (last visited on October 4, 2023).

[10] Aabir Shoaib, Lexlife India, available at: https://lexlife.in/2021/02/15/legality-of-parallel-imports-in-india/. (last visited on October 4, 2023)

[1] ASST. PROFESSOR, BIMAL CHANDRA COLLEGE OF LAW, KJESMIN90@GMAIL.COM.

[6] MAMTA RAO, LAW RELATING TO WOMEN AND CHILDREN 80-81 (4^th ed., 2018).

[8] DR. N. K. CHAKRABARTI & DR. SHACHI CHAKRABARTY, GENDER JUSTICE 154 (2^nd ed. 2018).

[9] R. Hunter, Contesting the Dominant Paradigm: Feminist Critiques of Liberal Legalism 13 TARCFLT (2013).

[10] C. A. MACKINNON, FEMINISM UNMODIFIED: DISCOURSES ON LIFE AND LAW (9^th ed., 1987).

[11] C. Smart, ‘The Woman of Legal Discourse’ 1(1) SLS 29 (1992).

[12] FEMINIST JUDGMENTS: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE 30 (R. HUNTER, ET.AL., eds., 2010).

[13] Ipp, D., Maintaining the Tradition of Judicial Impartiality 12 SCULR 87, 95 (2008).

[15] C. A. MACKINNON, FEMINISM UNMODIFIED: DISCOURSES ON LIFE AND LAW (9^th ed., 1987).

[16] K. O’DONOVAN, SEXUAL DIVISIONS IN LAW 62 (1985).

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[19] A. GREAR, SEXING THE MATRIX: EMBODIMENT, DISEMBODIMENT AND THE LAW – TOWARD THE RE-GENDERING OF LEGAL RATIONALITY 13 (2011).

[20] L. Smyth, Feminism and Abortion Politics: Choice, Rights, and Reproductive Freedom 24(3) WSIF 335 (2002).

[22] N. CHARLES, FEMINISM, THE STATE AND SOCIAL POLICY 164 (1999).

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[29] Cohen, J. L., Democracy, difference and the right of privacy, 1996, as cited in Smyth, op. cit., 343.

[31] N. NAFFINE, LAW’S MEANING OF LIFE: PHILOSOPHY, RELIGION, DARWIN AND THE LEGAL PERSON 23 (2009).

[33] S. Sherwin, Abortion Through a Feminist Ethics Lens 30(3) D 335-336 (1991).

[36] F. Olsen, Unraveling Compromise 103(1) HLR105 (1989-1990).

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[40] Alan Riding, A Rights Meeting, but Don’t Mention the Wronged, New York Times, June 14, 1993.

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[43] N. Kim, Toward a Feminist Theory of Human Rights: Straddling the Fence between Western Imperialism and Uncritical Absolutism 25 CHRLR 49 (1993).

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[45] Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, para. 26, where states were discouraged from objecting to the content of the Declaration and Programme, although objections could have been addressed constructively and differences between views discussed as should be done in any panel of discussion.

[46] Rebecca J. Cook, Human Rights and Reproductive Self-Determination 44 AULR 975 (1995).

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[54] UN Department of Public Information, United Nations Fact Sheet Number 6, October 2000 (no longer available online), as referenced in Gerson, op. cit., p. 754.

[55] H. Charlesworth, et.al. Feminist Approaches to International Law 85(4) AJIL 613, 633 (1991).

[1] Peter S. Menell, 'Intellectual Property: General Theories', Encyclopedia of Law & Economics: Volume II, ed. by Boudewijn Bouckaert and Gerrit de Geest (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2000), pp. 129-88.

[2] Robert G Bone, ‘A New Look at Trade Secret Law: Doctrine in Search of Justification’, Trade Secret Law, California Law Review, Vol. 86:24

[3] Lin, Thomas C.W. (8 October 2013), "Executive Trade Secrets", Notre Dame Law Review, 87(3): 911. SSRN 2047462 [Retrieved 20 February 2020].

[4] Bombay Dyeing and Manufacturing Co. Ltd. v. Mehar Karan Singh, 2010 SCC OnLine Bom 1243

[5] Donal O'Connell, Intellectual Property Risk Management, 1st ed

[6] Chapter 2: America’s Trade Agreements, Trade policy in Crisis, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/chapter-2-americas-trade-agreements

[7] “India Accedes to the Paris Convention and the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).” India Accedes to the Paris Convention and the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), www.wipo.int/pressroom/en/prdocs/1998/wipo_upd_1998_32.html#:~:text=On%20Monday%2C%20September%207%2C%201998,Patent%20Cooperation%20Treaty%20(PCT).

[8] “WTO | Intellectual Property (TRIPS) - Agreement Text - General Provisions.” WTO | Intellectual Property (TRIPS) - Agreement Text - General Provisions, www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/27-trips_03_e.htm.

[9] TRIPS: Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Apr. 15, 1994, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Art. 39

[10] Overview: the TRIPS Agreement, World Trade Organization, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/intel2_e.htm#:~:text=The%20TRIPS%20Agreement%2C%20which%20came,multilateral%20agreement%20on%20intellectual%20property.

[11] Approaches to the Protection of Trade Secrets, Enquiries into Intellectual Property's Economic Impact OECD 2015, pg 131

[12] Paris Convention for the Protection Of Industrial Property (As Amended On September 28, 1979), Art 10(b), “WIPO Lex.” WIPO Lex, wipolex.wipo.int/en/text/288514.

[13] Module 4, Trade Secrets, WIPO Int., Point 3 Misappropriation of Trade Secrets, pg 15

[14] Oxford v. Moss, (1979) 68 Cri 482. See also Hammond, R.G.: “Theft of Information”, 100 LQR 252 (1984)

[15] Kewanee Oil Co. v. Bicron Corpn., 416 US 470, 490-91 : 40 L Ed 2d 315 (1974)

[16] Cornish, W.R.: Intellectual Property (3rd Edn., 1996) at paras 8.49-8.53. See also Breach of Confidence, Law Commission of England and Wales, Consultation Paper No. 110 (Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, 1981), para 2.10.

[17] Attorney General v. Guardian Newspapers, (1988) 3 All ER 545; Protection of Confidential Information without a Contract, Argus Partners, Protection of Confidential Information under Common Law – Rule of Equity, https://www.legal500.com/developments/thought-leadership/protection-of-confidential-information-without-a-contract/

[18] Saltman Engineering Co Ltd v Campbell Engineering Co Ltd, [1963] 3 All ER 413, 65 RPC 203.

definitions

[20] Legal Protection of Trade Secrets and Confidential Information, S.K. Verma, Journal of the Indian Law Institute, Vol. 44, No. 3 (July-September 2002), pp. 336-353

[21] The Role of National and International Intellectual Property Law and Policy in Reconceptualising the Definition of Investment, IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40319-020-010097-

[22] Dionne v. Southeast Foam Converting & Packaging, Inc., 240 Va. 297, 397 S.E.2d 110, 1990 Va. LEXIS 121, 17 U.S.P.Q.2D (BNA) 1565 (Va. September 21, 1990)

[23] American Express Bank, Ltd. v. Priya Puri, 2006 SCC OnLine Del 638

[24] Anil Gupta v. Kunal Dasgupta, 2002 SCC OnLine Del 250.

[25] Niranjan Shankar Golikari v. Century Spg. and Mfg. Co. Ltd., (1967) 2 SCR 378.

[26] Ambiance India Pvt. Ltd. v. Naveen Jain, 2005 SCC OnLine Del 367.

[27] Trade Secrets law and Innovation Policy in India, Faizanur Rahman, http://docs.manupatra.in/newsline/articles/Upload/E8134C85-E745-414C-91AA-3E05D6B95581.1-H__civil.pdf

[28] Draft 5th National Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy for public consultation, Government of India, Department of Science & Technology, https://dst.gov.in/draft-5th-national-science-technology-and-innovation-policy-public-consultation

[29] Srivastava Kamakhya, ‘Indian Innovation Act: Trade secrets and confidentiality’.

[30] Pollock and Mulla, Indian Contract and Specific Relief Acts, Vol 1, 12th edn, edited Nilima Bhadbade (Butterworths, New Delhi), 2004, pp. 818-822.

[31] The Law Commission of India, 13th Report, Ministry of Law and Justice (1958), para 55.

[32] SJ Advanced Technology & Mfg. Corp. v. Junkunc, 627 F. Supp. 572, 1986 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 29905, 1986-1 Trade Cas. (CCH) P66,970 (N.D. Ill. January 29, 1986)

[35] Seetharaman R, Legal protection of Trade Secret, 1 Supreme Court Cases (2004) 22.

[36] Mason v Provident Clothing and Supply Co Ltd, [1913] AC 724, [1911-13] All ER Rep 400, 109 LT 449.

[37] K Stanghton, L.J. in Lansing Linde Ltd. v. Kerr [1991] 1 All ER 418 at 425, Art. 39 of the TRIPS Agreement uses "undisclosed information" in this sense.

[38] Kewanee V. Bicron, 416 U.S. 470, 94 S. Ct. 1879, 40 L. Ed. 2d 315, 1974 U.S. LEXIS 134, 181 U.S.P.Q. (BNA) 673, 69 Ohio Op. 2d 235 (U.S. May 13, 1974).

[39] Trade Secrets, WIPO, Module 4, Pg 7, https://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/sme/en/documents/pdf/ip_panorama_4_learning_points.pdf

[40] Barr-Mullin, Inc. v. Browning 424 S.E.2d 226 (1993).

[41] Barr-Mullin, Inc. v. Browning, 108 N.C. App. 590

[42] Barr-Mullin, Inc. v. Browning, 108 N.C. App. 590

[43] Barr-Mullin, Inc. v. Browning 424 S.E.2d 226 (1993).

[44] Telerate Systems Inc v Caro, 689 F Supp 221, 232 (SDNY 1988).

[45] Thomas Marshall v Gunile (1978) 3 All ER 193, 203.

[46] Minerals Resources v. Newcastle Newspapers Pvt Ltd (1997) 40 IPR 403, ¶ 405.

[47] Tractors and Farm Equipment Ltd. v. Green Field Farm Equipments Pvt. Ltd., 2006 SCC OnLine Mad 1236.

[48] Indian Penal Code, 1860, § 405-409, § 418.

[49] Information Technology Act, 2000, § 43 & § 66.

[50] Attwood v Lamont, (1920) 3 KB 571: (1920) All ER Rep 55.

[51] DVD Copy Control Ass'n, Inc. v. Bunner - 116 CAL. APP. 4TH 241, 10 CAL. RPTR. 3D 185 (2004).

[52] Initial Services v Putterill, (1968) 1 QB 396, 405: (1967) 3 All ER 145.

[1] The Representation of the People (Amendment) Act, 1988 [Act No. 1 of 1989]

[2] VS Rama Devi and SK Mendiratta, “How India Votes: Election Laws Practice and Procedure”

[4] Special Leave Petition (Civil) 2824 – 25 of 2001 before the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India

[6] ECI Press Note No. ECI/PN/44/2011 dated 20.07.2011

[7] ECI Press Note No. ECI/PN/ 59 /2012 dated 25.07.2012

[8] S.O. 2470(E) dated 14.08.2023 published by Ministry of Law and Justice

[9] Contempt Petition (C) No. 303 of 2016 in Civil Appeal No. 9093 of 2016 before the Hon’ble Supreme Court

[11] Manual on Electronic Voting Machine and VVPAT

^{^[1]} Schlegel, Alice. “Status, Property, and the Value on Virginity.” American Ethnologist 18, no. 4 (1991) 719–34

^{^[2]} MLA. N.V.R. Krishnamacharya. The Mahabharata. Tirupati: Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, 1983.

[6] Babulal v. the State of West Bengal AIR 1959 Cal 693.

^{^[10]} Mukesh Bansal v. State of U.P., 2022 SCC OnLine All 395

^{^[11]} Bharwada Bhoginbhai Hirjibhai versus State of Gujarat 1983 AIR 753

^{^[12]} Is rape sentencing in India a joke? Judgments based on stereotypes have played pathetically important part, 17th Dec 2016 (Accessed on 5th Oct 2022, 5:30pm) https://www.firstpost.com/living/is-rape-sentencing-in-india-a-joke-judgments-based-on-stereotypes-have-played-pathetically-important-part-3161060.html

^{^[13]} Indian Penal Code 1860, Section 375 Explanation “Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape”

^{^[14]} Vakasha Sachdev, Explained: Why Marital Rape Is Not A Crime In India (Yet), 11th May 2022 (Accessed On 5th October 5:29pm) Https://Www.Thequint.Com/News/Law/Marital-Rape-Not-Recognised-As-Crime-In-India-Explainer#Read-More

^{^[15]} AIDWA vs Union Of India, Hridaya Nest of Family Harmony vs UOI, Diary No. 16226/2022

^{^[16]} Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan, (1997) 6 SCC 241

^{^[17]} X vs Principal Secretary, Health and Family Welfare Department, Govt of NCT Of Delhi, C.A 2022 LiveLaw (SC) 809

^{^[18]} Eliminating Virginity Testing: An Interagency Statement, WHO 2018 (accessed on 5th October 2022 5:31pm) https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1157258/retrieve

^{^[20]} Rajasthan woman tortured for failing virginity test (accessed on 5th October 2022, 5:00pm)

https://www.onmanorama.com/news/india/2022/09/06/rajasthan-woman-tortured-for-failing-virginity-test.html

^{^[21]} Deepak Sharma, First Night Means Virginity Test of Bride: Kukdi Pratha of Rajasthan, 6th December 2021 (accessed on 5th October 2022, 5:35pm)

https://www.sinceindependence.com/rajasthan/first-night-means-virginity-test-of-bride-kukdi-pratha-of-rajasthan

^{^[22]} Emily Atkinson, What is ‘virginity testing’ and why is it going viral on TikTok?, 6th Sep 2022 (accessed on 5th October 2022, 5:40pm) https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/love-sex/virginity-testing-viral-tiktok-b2159942.html

^{^[23]} Daniel L Chen, Gender Violence and the Price of Virginity: Theory and Evidence of Incomplete Marriage Contracts ( accesed on 5th Oct 2022, 3:45 pm) http://users.nber.org/~dlchen/papers/Gender_Violence_and_the_Price_of_Virginity.pdf

^{^[24]} Raina Assainar, Woman Held For Trying To Sell ‘virgin’ Daughter,September 03, 2020 (Accessed On 5th October 2022, 5:37pm)

https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/woman-held-for-trying-to-sell-virgin-daughter/article32508938.ece

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

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ANALYSIS OF RELATION BETWEEN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW AND COMPETITION LAW BY: - ISHWITA MONDAL

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FEMINIST JURISPRUDENCE ON REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS OF WOMEN BY - DR. JESMIN BANU KHAN

THE SECRET BEHIND TRADE SECRETS BY - MRUNMAI PRADEEP PIMPARKAR

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THE VALUE OF A WOMENS VIRGINITY BY - SHIVANI MAHADEVAN & DIYA ABRAHAM

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[19] Trade Secrets (Enforcement, etc) Regulations, 2018, SI 2018/597; What are trade secrets, know-how and confidential information?, Queensland Government, https://www.business.qld.gov.au/running-business/risk/ip/ip-kit/browse-ip-topics/trade-secrets/definitions

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