INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

TRANSFORMATIVE CONSTITUTIONALISM: REFLECTS THE NATION’S ASPIRATIONS A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON CONSTITUTIONALISM AND TRANSFORMATIVE CONSTITUTIONALISM IN INDIA BY - DR. KONERU ANURADHA

Authors: DR. KONERU ANURADHA

Registration ID: 108849 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8849

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: anuradhakoneru988@gmail.com

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GASLIGHTING IN PARENTAL ALIENATION DURING DIVORCE: A FAMILY LAW PERSPECTIVE BY - RIYA BHATIA

Authors: RIYA BHATIA

Registration ID: 108848 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8848

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: bhatiaria15@gmail.com

Page No : 11 | No of times Downloads: 0065

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REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY IN INDIAN COMPANIES BY: APARAJITA PATEL

Authors: APARAJITA PATEL

Registration ID: 108847 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8847

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: aparajita.patel1404@gmail.com

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BALANCING LIBERTY AND STATE POWER: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF ARTICLE 21 AND EMERGENCY RESTRICTIONS IN INDIA BY - SHAKTISINH V PARMAR

Authors: SHAKTISINH V PARMAR

Registration ID: 108846 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8846

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: shaktisinhp0@gmail.com

Page No : 11 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-12817957/BALANCING LIBERTY AND STATE POWER: A CRITICAL EXAM

ACCELERATING DIGITALIZATION FOR DISABILITY JUSTICE: ADDRESSING ACCESSIBILITY CHALLANGES IN THE MODERN ERA BY - PAREKH RIDDHI KANUBHAI & DR.MAYURI PANDYA

Authors: PAREKH RIDDHI KANUBHAI & DR.MAYURI PANDYA

Registration ID: 108844 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8844 & IJLRA8845

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: prof.riddhiparekh@gmail.com & mayuri.himanshu@gmail.con

Page No : 14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-46534812/ACCELERATING DIGITALIZATION FOR DISABILITY JUSTICE

THE CURIOUS CASE OF SARADHA: A TALE OF CHIT FUNDS AND PONZI SCHEMES IN INDIA BY - ANJALI BHATT

Authors: ANJALI BHATT

Registration ID: 108843 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8843

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: anjalibhatt46@gmail.com

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EVOLVING STATE ACCOUNTABILITY: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF TORTIOUS LIABILITY IN ENGLAND AND THE IMPACT OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY BY: SWATI.V & NITHIYA SURIYA.M

Authors: SWATI.V & NITHIYA SURIYA.M

Registration ID: 108841 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8841 & IJLRA8842

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: vswati.law@vistas.ac.in & nithiyasurya.law@vistas.ac.in

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-84931215/EVOLVING STATE ACCOUNTABILITY: A CRITICAL EXAMINAT

THE CRITICAL ANALYSIS OVER BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION BY: - DHIRAJ KUAMR SHARMA

Authors: DHIRAJ KUAMR SHARMA

Registration ID: 108840 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8840

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: sharmadhirajkumar123@gmail.com

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THE UNFINISHED STRUGGLE: MARITAL RAPE IN INDIA AND WORKPLACE HARASSMENT BY - PATCHA LAKSHMI SANJANA, SREEVEDA KULKARNI & TUMMALA SRUJANA

Authors: PATCHA LAKSHMI SANJANA, SREEVEDA KULKARNI & TUMMALA SRUJANA

Registration ID: 108837 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8837, IJLRA8838 & IJLRA8839

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: sanjanapatcha@gmail.com, veda.20289@gmail.com & srujanatummala1605@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-19355121/THE UNFINISHED STRUGGLE: MARITAL RAPE IN INDIA AND

CHILD PORNOGRAPHY AND ITS LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ITS CONTROL: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS BY - SUMIT KUMAR BHARTI & ANUSHKA DUTTA

Authors: SUMIT KUMAR BHARTI & ANUSHKA DUTTA

Registration ID: 108835 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8835 & IJLRA8836

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: bhartisumit911@gmail.com & anushkadutta2424@gmail.com

Page No : 15 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-16826461/CHILD PORNOGRAPHY AND ITS LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ITS

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

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[2] Patterson, C.Perry, "The Evolution of Constitutionalism" (1948). Minnesota Law Review. 934. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mlr/934

[4] 540 Henry Schwarz and Sangeeta Ray (EDS), A Companion of 3 Postcolonial Studies (Blackwell Publishing, 2000).

[5] Michel Rosenfeld (EDS), Constitutionalism, identity, 4 Difference and Legitimacy- Theoretical Perspective, 41-42 (Duke University Press, 1994).

[6] D.D. BASU, SHORTER CONSTITUTION OF INDIA, 115-16 (Justice A.R. 6 Lakshamanan, Justice Bhagabati Prosad Banerjee & V.R. Manohar, 14th ed., 2009).

[7] D.D. BASU, SHORTER CONSTITUTION OF INDIA, 115-16 (Justice A.R. 6 Lakshamanan, Justice Bhagabati Prosad Banerjee & V.R. Manohar, 14th ed., 2009).

[8] C.H. McIlwain, Constitutionalism Ancient and Modern, 21-22 (1987).

[9] Polybins was imprisoned in Italy for sixteen years, and during this time wrote a history of the Roman Republic in which he made the first exposition of the principle of checks and balances known to political theory.

[10] Cicero was the greatest lawyer of the ancient world and was an exponent of the doctrine of Natural Law. "True Law," he said, in his De Republica, "is right reason in agreement with nature; it is of universal application, unchanging and ever lasting . . . we cannot be freed from its obligations by Senate or people . . . and there will not be different laws at Rome and at Athens, or different laws now and in the future, but one eternal and unchangeable law will be valid for all nations and all times, and there will be one master and ruler, that is God, over us all, for He is the author of this law, its promulgator, and its enforcing judge."

[11] William A. Dunning, Political Theories, Ancient and Modern 64-65 (1913).

[12] Prof.(Dr.) Mahendra Pal Singh, Vice Chancellor, “Constitutionalism in India in Comparative Perspective”, the lecture delivered in the memory of Dr.D.D. Basu at National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata in February 2018. Pgs 645-646.

https://nujslawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/11.4-MP-Singh-CONSTITUTIONALISM-IN-INDIA-IN-COMPARATIVE-PERSPECTIVE.pdf

[13] Bracton, Henry of Bratton (d. 1268), a judge of the King's Bench in the reign of Henry III in his De Legibus et Consultudinibus Angliae (written before 1256), a collectioft of about 2,000 common law decisions, says "The King himself ought not be subject to man, but subject to God and the law, for the law makes the King. Let the King then attribute to the law what the law attributes to him, namely, dominion and power, for there is nw King where the will and not the law has dominion. " (De Legibus et Consuetudenibus Angiae (Swiss ed. 1854) 5 b.)

[14] Sir Edward Coke, and his De Legi us had a tremendous influence in the development of the supremacy of law. He contended that all authority was derived from law and was, therefore, limited by law. He said natural law was immutable because it could not be repealed. His doctrine of the supremacy of law is the essence of constitutionalism. (De Laudibus Legum Angliae (Amos ed. 1825), c.c. 9, 13, 18, 34 at 26-27.)

In the Dr. Bonham's case, decided in the Common Pleas in 1610, Coke said: "And it appears in our books, that in many cases, the common law will control acts of Parliament, and sometimes adjudge them to be utterly void; for when an act of Parliament is against common right and reason, or repugnant, or impossible to be performed, the common law will control it and adjudge such an act to be void." "Common right and reason" is something permanent and fundamental, and, therefore, higher law.

[15] AV Dicey was one of the prominent British Whig jurist and constitutional theorist. In his work ‘Introduction to the study of the law of the Constitution (1885) explained three major elements of constitutionalism with the help of ‘the doctrine of rule of law’. They are 1. Supremacy of the law, 2. Equality before the law and 3. Predominance of legal spirit.

[16] Patterson, C.Perry, "The Evolution of Constitutionalism" (1948). Minnesota Law Review. 934. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mlr/934

[17] Krati Garg, ‘Development of Constitutionalism during the English Period’, published in online page LexForti Legal : Legal Outsourcing Platform on the date January 15, 2021.

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[18] Ramashroy Roy, Beyond Ego's Domain: Being and Order in the Vedas (Delhi: Shipra Publications, 1999), p. 8. https://www.mids.ac.in/assets/doc/WP_165.pdf

[19] Rohit De, Constitutional Antecedents in The Oxford Handbook of The Indian Constitution 20-23 (S. Choudhry, M. Khosla & P.B. Mehta ed., 2016).

https://nujslawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/11.4-MP-Singh-CONSTITUTIONALISM-IN-INDIA-IN-COMPARATIVE-PERSPECTIVE.pdf

[20] Rohit De, Constitutional Antecedents in The Oxford Handbook of The Indian Constitution 23-26 (S. Choudhry, M. Khosla & P.B. Mehta ed., 2016).

https://nujslawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/11.4-MP-Singh-CONSTITUTIONALISM-IN-INDIA-IN-COMPARATIVE-PERSPECTIVE.pdf

[21] J. Tully, Strange Multiplicity Constitutionalism in an Age of Diversity (2007). Chapter 6 (in general and its conclusion in particular).

[22] Ms. Nivedita Ghos, Transformative Constitutionalism and rights of Homosexuals in India and South Africa: A comparative Study, CMR University Journal for Contemporary Legal Affairs, Vol.3, Issue2, August, 2021, MNLU, Nagapur. Pgs 4 and 5.

https://www.cmr.edu.in/school-of-legal-studies/journal/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/08-Transformative-Constitutionalism-and-Rights-of-Homosexuals-in-India-and-South-Africa-A-Comparative-Study.pdf

[23] Klare, E. Karl., Legal Culture and Transformative Constitutionalism, 14 SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL ON HUMAN RIGHTS, (1998) p. 146. Cited in Alisha Dhingra, Indian Constitutionalism: A Case of Transformative Constitutionalism, ASIAN JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES, 2(7), (2014) p. 136

[24] Pius Langa, Transformative Constitutionalism, 17 STELLENBOSCH L. REV. p. 351-352 (2006). Cited in Vrinda Narain, Postcolonial Constitutionalism in India: Complexities & Contradictions, 25 S. CAL. INTERDISC. L.J. 109 (2016)

[25] The words socialism and secular concepts introduced in our constitution by 42^nd amendment in the year 1976.

[27] Livelaw News Network, “Constitution intends to transform society”:Justice Chandrachud, posted on 10^th Sept 2018.

https://www.livelaw.in/constitution-intends-to-transform-society-justice-chandrachud-video/

[28] Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, (1973) 4 SCC 225.

[29] Minerva Mills Ltd v. Union of India, (1980) 3 SCC 625, 642.

[30] Granville Austin, The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation, Oxford University Press, 1999.

[31] K.S. Puttaswamy and Anr. vs. Union of India ((2017) 10 SCC 1)

[32] National Legal Service Authority (NALSA) v. Union of India (2014 INSC 275)

[33] Navtej Johar v. Union of India, (2018) 10 SCC 1

[34] Indian Young Lawyers Assn. v. State of Kerala, (2019) 11 SCC 1

[35] Government of NCT of Delhi v. Union of India, (2018) 8 SCC 501

[36] Shrimanth Balasaheb Patil v. Karnataka Legislative Assembly, (2020) 2 SCC 595.

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[4] Col. Ramneesh Pal Singh v Sugandhi Aggarwal [2024] 6 S.C.R. 259; 2024 INSC 397 (Civil Appeal No 6137 of 2024) (08 May 2024)

[6]Griffiths Law PC, 'What is Parental Alienation & How to Fight Back' (2024) https://www.griffithslawpc.com/blog-articles/parental-alienation/

[7] Sullivan, M., & Kelly, J. 'Assessing for Alienation in Child Custody and Access Evaluations' (2023) 296 Family Court Review 201

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[1] Lazar, J. Managing digital accessibility at universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Univ Access Inf Soc 21, 749–765 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-021-00792-5

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[4] Sophie, Mitra., Qin, Gao. (2023). 3. Disability and social policy: Global evidence and perspectives. Global Social Policy, doi: 10.1177/14680181221146030

[5] Alina, Engelman., Leyla, Craig., Alastair, Iles. (2022). 1. Global Disability Justice In Climate Disasters: Mobilizing People With Disabilities As Change Agents.. Health Affairs, doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00474

[6] Anastasia, Liasidou. (2013). 5. Intersectional understandings of disability and implications for a social justice reform agenda in education policy and practice. Disability & Society, doi: 10.1080/09687599.2012.710012

[7] Alina, Engelman., Leyla, Craig., Alastair, Iles. (2022). 1. Global Disability Justice In Climate Disasters: Mobilizing People With Disabilities As Change Agents.. Health Affairs, doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00474

[8] Kate, Ching-Ching, Chan. (2023). 2. Disability Through the Lens of Justice. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198875611.001.0001

[9] Madhavi, Sripathi., T., S., Leelavati., Ramarao, Mopidevi., Susmitha, Kunchaparthi. (2024). Innovations in Closing the Digital Gap. Advances in computer and electrical engineering book series, 336-357.

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[11] Georgia, van, Toorn. (2024). 3. Inclusion interrupted: Lessons from the making of a digital assistant by and for people with disability. Government Information Quarterly, doi: 10.1016/j.giq.2023.101900

[12] Oksana, Tymoshchuk., A.M., Pisco, Almeida. (2022). 5. Digital technologies as a promotor of well-being and inclusion of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: what is the current situation?. doi: 10.1145/3563137.3563161

[14] William, J., Triplett. (2023). 2. The Role of Technology in Promoting Diversity and Inclusion. Cybersecurity and Innovative Technology Journal, doi: 10.53889/citj.v1i1.306

[1] Wade, E.C.S. and Bradley, A. W. Constitutional and Administrative law 10th Ed. (Longman, London, 1985) P.678; Hood Philips, O. and Paul Jackson, Constitutional and Administrative law, 7th Ed. (Sweet and Maxwell, London, 1987) P.702.

[2] Herbert Broom, A Selection of Legal Maxims, 10th Ed. (Sweet and Maxwell, London, 1939), pp. 21

[3] The society was not complex and the civil law was redimentary. The subject of Anglo-Sexon Justice did not cover offences except violent ones and theft. In such a society when the law could not compel an accused or a suspect to submit himself to Justice and pay fines, it could not be imagined that a tenant or an individual might sue his Lord, or the over Lord-the King, for damages; Pollock and Maitland, The History of English Law, Vol. 1 (1968) P.P. 37-38

[4] Street, H. Governmental Liability: A comparative study, (Cambridge University Press, 1953) P.1

[5] somervell, "The State as Defendant." 33 A.L.J., (1959), P.149

[6] Holdsworth, W.S. A History of English Law, IX 2nd Ed. Matheuven and Co., Ltd., London, (1944), P.12 Pollock and Milland supra note 6 at P515.

[9] Viscount Canterbury v. Attorney General (1842):1 Ph.306

[10] Attorney General v. De Keyser's Royal Hotel Ltd., (1920) A.C.P.508 at P.P. 530-531

[11]Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Company v. Lords Commissioner of Admiralty, (1947) K.B. 794 at pp. 801

[14] This device was adopted by statute and still operates for criminal liability for traffic offences; Road Traffic Act, 1972 S.188(8), Barnett v. French (1981) 1 W.L.R. 848

[15] Glanville Williams, Crown Proceedings (1948) pp.17-18

[18] Crown Proceedings Committee Report, emd.2842 (1927)

[19] Section 2(1) of the Crown Proceedings Act, 1947, There is no liability in tort outside the Act, Tranik v. Lennox (1985) IWLR 532

[25] (1952)2 All.E.R.149; Delvin J. expressed his dissatisfaction thus: "before I leave this case, I must express my uneasy feeling that Justice may not have been done because the material evidence before me was not complete and something more than an uneasy feeling that whether Justice has been done or not, it certainly will not appear to have been done' at p. 155.

^{^[5]} Confirmed Parliament's authority to modify any segment of the constitution, including Fundamental Rights. Mandated the president's approval for the constitution amendment bill, enforced since November 5, 1971.

^{^[6]} Power of parliament to amend the constitution and procedure.

^{^[8]} During the Emergency of 1975–1977, the Thirty-ninth Amendment to the Constitution of India, enforced on August 10, 1975, exempted the election processes of the President, Vice President, Prime Minister, and Lok Sabha Speaker from review by Indian courts.

^{^[11]} Article 26 to 32 deals with the structure and power of the legislative branch.

^{^[12]} Article 2 to 25 deals with provision of fundamental right and freedoms

^{^[14]} Qanuni assassi jumhuri i Isla ‘ mai Iran Constitution .

[1] Law Commission of India 84th Report on Rape and allied offenses-some questions of substantive law, procedure and evidence (1980)

[2] Bharatiya Nyaya (second) Sanhita Bill § 63, No.1, Acts of parliament,2024.

[3] Bharatiya Nyaya (second) Sanhita Bill § 63, No.1, Acts of parliament,2024.

[4] the sexual harassment of women at workplace (prevention, prohibition and redressal) act, no.14 acts of parliament,2013

[5] the sexual harassment of women at workplace (prevention, prohibition and redressal) act,§2(o)no.14 acts of parliament,2013

[6] Randall M, Venkatesh V. The Right to No: The Crime of Marital Rape, Women’s Human Rights, and International Law. Brooklyn J Int Law [Internet]. 2015. Jan 1 [cited 2022 Feb 18];41(1).

[7] Raj A, McDougal L. Sexual violence and rape in India. Lancet [Internet]. 2014;383(9920):865.

[8] Vibhute, K. I. “‘RAPE’ AND THE INDIAN PENAL CODE AT THE CROSSROADS OF THE NEW MILLENNIUM: BETWEEN PATRIARCHIAST AND GENDER NEUTRALIST APPROACH.” Journal of the

Indian Law Institute, vol. 43, no. 1, 2001, pp. 25–44. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43951752. Accessed

16 Sept. 2024.

[9] Spohn, Cassia C. “THE RAPE REFORM MOVEMENT: THE TRADITIONAL COMMON LAW AND RAPE LAW REFORMS.” Jurimetrics, vol. 39, no. 2, 1999, pp. 119–30. JSTOR,

http://www.jstor.org/stable/29762593. Accessed 16 Sept. 2024.

[10] RESICK, PATRICIA A. “THE TRAUMA OF RAPE AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM.” The

Justice System Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, 1984, pp. 52–61. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20877729. Accessed

16 Sept. 2024.

[11] Kumari, Ved, and Ravinder Barn. “SENTENCING IN RAPE CASES: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF

JUDICIAL DECISIONS IN INDIA.” Journal of the Indian Law Institute, vol. 59, no. 1, 2017, pp. 1–25. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26826588. Accessed 16 Sept. 2024.

[12] Steketee, Gail, and Anne H. Austin. “Rape Victims and the Justice System: Utilization and Impact.” Social Service Review, vol. 63, no. 2, 1989, pp. 285–303. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/30012020. Accessed 16

Sept. 2024.

[13] Gelles, Richard J. “Power, Sex, and Violence: The Case of Marital Rape.” The Family Coordinator, vol. 26, no. 4, 1977, pp. 339–47. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/581754. Accessed 16 Sept. 2024.

[14] Rumney, Philip N. S. “When Rape Isn’t Rape: Court of Appeal Sentencing Practice in Cases of Marital and Relationship Rape.” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, vol. 19, no. 2, 1999, pp. 243–69. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20468269. Accessed 16 Sept. 2024.

[15] Upadhyay, Nidhi. “THE IMPACT OF NIRBHAYA PROTEST ON THE CONTEMPORARY INDIAN

WOMEN’S MOVEMENT.” The Indian Journal of Political Science, vol. 76, no. 4, 2015, pp. 885–88. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26575622. Accessed 16 Sept. 2024.

[16] Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, § 63, No. 45, Acts of Parliament,2023

[17] Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, § 64, No. 45, Acts of Parliament,2023

[18] Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, § 69, No. 45, Acts of Parliament,2023

[19] 9 Saptarshi Mandal, “The Impossibility of Marital Rape: Contestations Around Marriage, Sex, Violence and the Law in Contemporary India” 29(81) Australian Feminist Studies 255 (2014).

[20] Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, § 63, No. 45, Acts of Parliament,2023

[21] Independent Thought v. U.O.I. & ANR, AIR 2017 SUPREME COURT 4904.

[23] State of Maharashtra v. Madhkar Narayan, AIR 1991 SC 207.

[24] Bhodhisathwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborty 1996, AIR 992.

[26] HT Correspondent. "Marital Rape Grave Offence, Illegal in Many Countries: Gujarat High Court." Hindustan Times, 18 Dec. 2023.

https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/marital-rape-grave-offence-illegal-in-many-countries-gujarat-high- court-101702912826753.html

[27] York, Kenneth M. “Defining Sexual Harassment in Workplaces: A Policy-Capturing Approach.” The Academy of Management Journal, vol. 32, no. 4, 1989, pp. 830–50. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/256570.

Accessed 16 Sept. 2024.

[28] Vishaka and Ors V, The State of Rajasthan AIR 1997 SUPREME COURT 3011

[29] Rupan Deol Bajaj V. K.P.S.Gill,1996 AIR 309.

[30] HT Correspondent. "Pratibha Case: Driver Held Guilty." Hindustan Times, 6 Oct. 2010. https://doi.org/Saturday, Dec 14, 2024

[31] the sexual harassment of women at workplace (prevention, prohibition and redressal) act, no.14 acts of parliament, 2013

[32] Medha Kotwal Lele & Ors vs U.O.I. & Ors AIRONLINE 2012 SC 632

[33] Shivangi Prasad. "Tarun Tejpal Judgement: Reflection on Judicial Decisions in Sexual Assault Cases against Women and Way Forward." POSH at Work (Empanelled by Ministry of Women & Child Development.

Government of INDIA), 18 Oct. 2021,

poshatwork.com/tarun-tejpal-judgement-reflection-judicial-decisions-sexual-assault-cases-against-women-way-f orward/. Accessed 14 Dec. 2024.=

[34] "Kolkata Doctor Rape-murder Case: RG Kar, the Campus Was Victim's 'second Home'." THE ECONOMIC TIMES, no. Kolkata Doctor Rape case, 2024, https://doi.org/20-08-2024. Accessed 15 Sept. 2024.

[1] LL.M. Student at Hidayatullah National Law University

[2] LL.M. Student at Hidayatullah National Law University

[3] Trevor Buck, International Child Law, (Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 3^rd edition, London, 2014)

[4] Study on Child Abuse: India (2007). Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India, 2007 available at: www.wcd.nic.in/childabuse.pdf (visited on September 30, 2024)

[9] Section 15 of Protection of Children from Sexual Offences lays down that:

1. “Any person, who stores or possesses pornographic material in any form involving a child, but fails to delete or destroy or report the same to the designated authority, as may be prescribed, with an intention to share or transmit child pornography, shall be liable to fine not less than five thousand rupees and in the event of second or subsequent offence, with fine which shall not be less than ten thousand rupees.”

2. “Any person, who stores or possesses pornographic material in any form involving a child for transmitting or propagating or displaying or distributing in any manner at any time except for the purpose of reporting, as may be prescribed, or for use as evidence in court, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.”

3. “Any person, who stores or possesses pornographic material in any form involving a child for commercial purpose shall be punished on the first conviction with imprisonment of either description which shall not be less than three years which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both and in the event of second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonment of either description which shall not be less than five years which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.”

[10] Just Rights For Children Alliance & Anr v. S. Harish & Ors., SLP(CRL) No. 3665-3666 of 2024.

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

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