INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND ACCESS TO LEGAL SERVICES BY - SHREYA SHARMA & NIKAIAH MARIA DA SILVA

Authors: SHREYA SHARMA & NIKAIAH MARIA DA SILVA

Registration ID: 108861 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8861 & IJLRA8862

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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CASE ANALYSIS ON OVERSEAS TANKSHIP (UK) LTD. V. MORDOCK & ENGINEERING CO. LTD. (1961) A.K.A. WAGON MOUND’S CASE: CASE ANALYSIS AND CASE COMMENTARY BY - SHREYA SHARMA & NIKAIAH MARIA DA SILVA

Authors: SHREYA SHARMA & NIKAIAH MARIA DA SILVA

Registration ID: 108859 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8859 & IJLRA8860

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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JUDICIAL ACTIVISM: A NECESSARY EVIL OR A THREAT TO SEPARATION OF POWERS? BY - SHREYA SHARMA

Authors: SHREYA SHARMA

Registration ID: 108858 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8858

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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THE LIMITS OF LEGAL MORALISM: SHOULD PRIVATE MORALITY BE A MATTER FOR THE LAW? BY - SHREYA SHARMA

Authors: SHREYA SHARMA

Registration ID: 108857 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8857

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IMPACT OF DATA PRIVACY AND SECURITY IN HEALTH LAW. BY - MS VARSHA. P

Authors: MS VARSHA. P

Registration ID: 108856 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8856

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Email Id: varshateacher8@gmail.com

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ROLE OF WHISTLEBLOWERS IN EXPOSING ECONOMIC CRIME IN INDIA BY: MS. SITHI NOOR HALIZA.S & MS. T. VAISHALI

Authors: MS. SITHI NOOR HALIZA.S & MS. T. VAISHALI

Registration ID: 108854 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8854 & IJLRA8855

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION IN THE LIGHT OF ARTICLE 21 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA AND RIGHT TO HEALTH OF WOMEN BY - DHARITRI SHARMA

Authors: DHARITRI SHARMA

Registration ID: 108853 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8853

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION IN NAGORNO-KARABAKH BY - PRIYANSHI SINGH

Authors: PRIYANSHI SINGH

Registration ID: 108852 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8852

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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Email Id: 21jgls-psingh@jgu.edu.in

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MARITAL RAPE LAWS COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY AND THE WAY FORWARD BY - SHASHWAT VARDHAN

Authors: SHASHWAT VARDHAN

Registration ID: 108851 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8851

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REFORMING JUSTICE: THE INTERSECTION OF REHABILITATION AND PUNISHMENT AND THE ETHICAL IMPERATIVE FOR REHABILITATION IN INDIAN CRIMINAL FRAMEWORK BY - NANDINI DEVULAPALLI

Authors: NANDINI DEVULAPALLI

Registration ID: 108850 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8850

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-96628471/REFORMING JUSTICE: THE INTERSECTION OF REHABILITAT

International journal for legal research and analysis

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[13] Neelem Singh,” Issues of Women’s Health,”1(1 and 2) Nyaya Deep 4(2014)

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[26] Apparel Export Promotion Council v Chopra (1999) 1 SCR 117, Para. 27.

[27] Devika Biswas v Union of India, W.P. ( C ) 81/2012.

[30] Laxmi Mandal v. Deen Dayal Harinagar Hospital & Others, W.P. ( C ) No. 8853/2008

[33] W.P. (CRL) No.1/2016, Maharashtra H.C. On its own Motion Lajja Devi v. State, W.P. ( CRL) No. 338( 2008)( High Court of Delhi)

[1] JOHANNES RAU, THE NAGORNO – KARABAKH CONFLICT BETWEEN ARMENIA AND AZERBAIJAN. A BRIEF HISTORICAL OUTLINE 9 (2008).

[3] RAFAL CZACHOR, ABCHAZJA, OSETIA PO?UDNIOWA, GÓRSKI KARABACH: GENEZA I FUNKCJONOWANIE SYSTEMÓW POLITYCZNYCH 298 (2014).

[8] Interpretation and Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Republic of Azerbaijan v. Republic of Armenia), Application Instituting Proceedings, paras. 14 15 (Sep. 23, 2021) https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/181/181-20210923-APP-01-00-EN.pdf.

[9] Statement by the Co-Chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group (Oct. 11, 2021) https://www.osce.org/minsk group/504007.

[10] See Letter dated 23 March 2009 from the Permanent Representative of Armenia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. UN Doc A/63/781–S/2009/156 (Mar. 24, 2009).

[11] Badinter Arbitration Commission, European Community Conference on Yugoslavia, Opinion No 2 (Nov. 20, 1991), reprinted in 92 I.L.R 167.

[12] Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador/Honduras: Nicaragua intervening), 1992 I.C.J. 351, 386–387.

[13] Anne Peters, The Principle of Uti Possidetis Juris. How Relevant is it for Issues of Secession?, in SELF-DETERMINATION AND SECESSION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW (C. Walter et al. eds., 2014).

[14] Heiko Krüger, Nagorno Karabakh, in SELF-DETERMINATION AND SECESSION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 95-137 (C. Walter et al. eds., 2014); Malcolm Shaw, Peoples, Territorialism and Boundaries, 8 EUR. J. INT’L. L. 494ff (1997).

[15] Annex to the letter dated 21 July 2020 from the Permanent Representative of Azerbaijan to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Report on the fundamental norm of the territorial integrity of States and the right to self-determination in the light of Armenia’s revisionist claims, UN Doc. A/74/961S/2020/729, at. 8-13 (Jul. 22, 2020).

[17] Malcolm Shaw, The Heritage of States: The Principle of Uti Possidetis Juris Today 67 BRIT. Y.B. INT’L. L. 154 (1996); Anne Peters, The Principle of Uti Possidetis Juris: How Relevant Is It for Issues of Secession? in SELF-DETERMINATION AND SECESSION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 99- 103, 137 (Christian Walter, et al eds., 2014).

[18] Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States, UNGA Res 2625 (XXV), UN Doc A/Res/25/2625 (Oct. 24, 1970).

[19] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights art. 1, Dec. 16, 1966, 999 U.N.T.S. 171 [hereinafter ICCPR]; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights art. 1, Dec. 12, 1966, 993 U.N.T.S. 3 [hereinafter ICESCR].

[20] East Timor (Portugal v. Australia), Judgment, 1995 I.C.J. para. 29; Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965, Advisory Opinion, 2019, I.C.J. para. 180.

[21] Milena Sterio, Self-Determination and Secession Under International Law: Nagorno-Karabakh, 59 GERMAN Y.B. INT’L. L. 81-114 (2016). Similarly, Tahmina Salayeva, Self-determination v. territorial Integrity over the Nagorno Karabakh Region, POLITICON (Feb. 24, 2021).

[22] https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030905.html.

[24] Decrees of President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev on the recognition of South Ossetia and Abkhazia (Aug. 26, 2008) No 1260 and 1261.

[26] Kamal Makili-Aliyev, Will International Law Help Resolve the Karabakh Conflict? (Oct. 04, 2021) http://www.makili-aliyev.com/.

[27] Bernhard Knoll-Tudor & Daniel Mueller, At Daggers Drawn: International Legal Issues Surrounding the Conflict in and around Nagorno-Karabakh, EJIL:TALK! (Nov. 17, 2020), https://www.ejiltalk.org/at-daggers drawn-international-legal-issues-surrounding-the-conflict-in-and-around-nagorno-karabakh/.

[28] Nico Schrijver, Ban on the Use of Force in the UN Charter, in THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF THE USE OF FORCE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 472-475 (M. Weller et al. eds., 2015).

[29] Dapo Akande & Antonios Tzanakopoulos, Use of Force in Self-Defence to Recover Occupied Territory: When Is It Permissible?, EJIL:TALK! (Nov. 18, 2020) < https://www.ejiltalk.org/use-of-force-in-self-defence-to-recover occupied-territory-when-is-it-permissible/>; YORAM DINSTEIN, WAR, AGGRESSION AND SELF-DEFENCE 61-64 (6th edn., 2017).

[30] International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (Fourth Geneva Convention), 12 August 1949, 75 U.N.T.S. 287.

[31] Self-Determination of the People of Nagorno-Karabakh, EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR ARTSAKH (Sept. 20, 2016).

[32] The Goa Incident 56(3) AM. J. INT. L. 617-632 (1962).

[33] Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission - Partial Award: Jus Ad Bellum - Ethiopia's Claims 1-8, 19 December 2005, 26 RIAA 465, paras. 10-11.

[34] Statement of the Presidents of the Russian Federation, the United States of America and the French Republic on Nagorno-Karabakh, UN NEWS (Sept. 27, 2020) https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/09/1073992.

[36] UNGA Res 3314 (XXIX), UN Doc. A/RES/3314(XXIX) (Dec. 14, 1974).

[37] Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States, UNGA Res 2625 (XXV), UN Doc A/Res/25/2625 (Oct. 24, 1970).

[38] Chiragov and Others v. Armenia, App. No. 13216/05, ECtHR (Grand Chamber, Jun. 16, 2015).

[39] Marko Milanovi?, Arguing the Kosovo Case, in THE LAW AND POLITICS OF THE KOSOVO ADVISORY OPINION 27-38 (Marko Milanovi? & Michael Wood eds., 2015).

[40] UNGA Res 46/242, UN Doc A/RES/46/242 (Aug. 25 1992).

[41] PACE Res 1416 ‘The conflict over the Nagorno-Karabakh region dealt with by the OSCE Minsk Conference’ (Jan. 25, 2005).

[42] Cf. Christopher Greenwood, The Relationship Between Ius Ad Bellum and Ius In Bello, 9(4) REV. INT’L STUD. 223, 227-229, 331-333 (1983).

[43] General comment No. 36 (2018) on Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life UN Doc. CCPR/C/GC/36.

[44] See Article 5 of the ECHR and Article 9 of the ICCPR, respectively.

[45] The joint trilateral statement issued in Moscow on 11 January 2021

https://en.armradio.am/2021/01/11/armenian-azerbaijani-russian-leaders-sign-statement-on-unblocking-of all-economic-and-transport-links-in-the-region/.

[47] See Anton Trojanovski & Carlotta Gall, In Nagorno-Karabakh Peace Deal, Putin Applied a Deft New Touch, N. Y. TIMES, Apr. 24, 2021.

[48] Cf. PACE Resolution 1047 (1994) Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, point. 5.

[49] Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States (signed 26 December 1933, entered into force 26 December 1934) 165 LNTS 19.

[50] Amit K. Chhabra, Superpower Responsibility for State Recognition: Charting a Course for Nagorno-Karabakh, 31 B. U. INT'L L. J. 132.

[54] Human Rights Watch, Azerbaijan: Seven Years of Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh (1994). THOMAS DE WAAL, BLACK GARDEN: ARMENIA AND AZERBAIJAN THROUGH PEACE AND WAR 210 (2013).

[55] See Sava Jankovic, Four Streams of Democracy and the Recognition of States: The EU Perspective, 22 SPANISH Y.B. INT’L. L. 55-76 (2018).

[56] Security Council resolutions 216 (1965) and 217 (1965), concerning Southern Rhodesia; Security Council resolution 541 (1983), concerning Northern Cyprus.

[57] UNSC Res 822, UN Doc. S/RES/822 (Apr. 30, 1993); UNSC Res 853, UN Doc. S/RES/853 (Jul 29, 1993); UNSC Res 874, UN Doc. S/RES/874 (Oct. 14, 1993); UNSC Res 884, UN Doc. S/RES/884 (Nov. 12, 1993).

[58] UNGA Res 62/243, UN Doc. A/RES 62/243 (Mar. 14, 2008).

[60] Press Release, Joint Statement by the Heads of Delegation of the OSCE Minsk Group Co-Chair Countries (Dec. 3, 2020).

[61] Statement by the OSCE Minsk Group Co-Chair countries (Jul. 10, 2009).

[62] UN News, UN pledges humanitarian support as Armenia and Azerbaijan negotiate ‘lasting, peaceful settlement’ over Nagorno-Karabakh (Dec. 4, 2020) https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/12/1079302.

[63] UNSC Res 1244, UN Doc S/RES/1244 (Jun. 10, 1999).

[64] UNGA Res 181(II) (29 November 1947) UN Doc A/RES/181(II) (Future Government of Palestine); UNGA Res 1514(XV) (14 December 1960) UN Doc A/RES/1514(XV).

[65] Stefan Talmon, Germany Goes Back on Earlier Statements on the International Legal Status of Nagorno Karabakh, GERMAN PRACTICE IN INT’L L. (Oct. 12, 2020)

[66] András Rácz, In Russia's Hands Nagorno-Karabakh After the Ceasefire Agreement, INSTITUTE FOR SECURTY STUDIES (Apr. 8, 2021) https://www.iss.europa.eu/content/russias-hands#_introduction.

[67] Margarete Klein, Russlands Militärpolitik im postsowjetischen Raum STIFTUNG WISSENSCHAFT UND POLITIK (Sept. 29, 2019) https://www.swp-berlin.org/publikation/russlands-militaerpolitik-im-postsowjetischen-raum.

[68] United Nations Peacekeeping, ‘Principles of Peacekeeping’ (https:// peacekeeping.un.org/en/principles-of peacekeeping).

[70] See, inter alia, Human Rights Council, National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21, A/HRC/WG.6/16/AZE/1 (Feb. 7, 2013).

[71] Convention on Cluster Munitions (30 May 2008) 2688 UNTS 39.

[72] See UN News ‘UN rights chief warns of possible war crimes in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict’ https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/11/1076672.

[73] Armenia/Azerbaijan: Decapitation and War Crimes in Gruesome Videos Must be Urgently Investigated AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL (Dec. 10, 2020).

[74] Corfu Channel (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland v. Albania) I.C.J. Rep. 1949, 22.

[75] Letter dated 31 October 2020 from the Permanent Representative of Armenia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General, UN Doc. A/75/566–S/2020/1073 (Nov.3, 2020).

[76] Working Group on the Use of Mercenaries as a Means of Violating Human Rights and Impeding the Exercise of the Right of Peoples to Self-Determination, Mercenaries in and Around the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Zone Must be Withdrawn – UN experts (Nov. 11, 2020) https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26494&LangID=E.

[77] See Andrew Forte, Nagorno Karabakh – A Stark Reminder of the Council of Europe’s Operational ‘Grey Zones’ OPINIOJURIS (Feb. 11, 2021).

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[9] Cesare Beccaria, On Crimes and Punishments (1764).

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[11] David Carter, 8.1. A Brief History of The Philosophies of Punishment (2019), https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/ccj230/chapter/9-1-a-brief-history-of-the-philosophies-of-punishment/ (last visited Oct 16, 2024).

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[15] Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for individuals involved in the justice system | County Health Rankings & Roadmaps, (2024), https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/strategies-and-solutions/what-works-for-health/strategies/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-cbt-for-individuals-involved-in-the-justice-system (last visited Dec 16, 2024).

[16] Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhitha, 2023, § 202, India.

[17] Francis T. Cullen, Rehabilitation: Beyond Nothing Works, 42 Crime Justice 299 (2013).

[18] Seven Arguments Against Rehabilitation - An Assessment of Their Validity | Office of Justice Programs, https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/seven-arguments-against-rehabilitation-assessment-their-validity(last visited Dec 16, 2024)

[19] Against rehabilitation: for reparative justice | Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, https://www.crimeandjustice.org.uk/publications/cjm/article/against-rehabilitation-reparative-justice(last visited Dec 16, 2024)

[20] Recidivism | National Institute of Justice, https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/corrections/recidivism (last visited Dec 16, 2024).

[21] Shaun Dixon, The New Paradigm of Rehabilitation: A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Incarceration-Based Rehabilitation in Regards to Recidivism Reduction., 2013, http://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/357(last visited Dec 16, 2024).

[23] State of Tamil Nadu v. Nalini, (1999) 5 SCC 253 (India).

[24] Bachchan Singh v. State of Punjab, (1980) 2 SCC 684, ¶ 8, at 688 (India).

[25] K.M. Nanavati v. State of Maharashtra, (1962) AIR 605, 1962 SCR Supl. (1) 567, ¶ 13, at 570 (India).

[26] Shyam Prakash Pandey, Kinds of Punishment under Indian Penal Code: A Critical Evaluation and Need for Reform, 4.

[27] State of Gujarat v. Hon'ble High Court of Gujarat, (1998) 7 SCC 392, ¶ 10, at 396 (India).

[28] Ratanlal & Dhirajlal, The Indian Penal Code 34th ed. 2014, at 123 (LexisNexis 2014).

[29] Mohammad Giasuddin v. State of Andhra Pradesh, (1977) 3 SCC 287, ¶ 3 (India).

[30] RECOGNIZING AND BALANCING THE RIGHTS OF THE VICTIMS WITHIN THE INDIAN JUSTICE SYSTEM., (Oct. 30, 2019), https://lexinsight.wordpress.com/2019/10/30/recognizing-and-balancing-the-rights-of-the-victims-within-the-indian-justice-system/ (last visited Dec 16, 2024).

[31] Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, OHCHR, https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/declaration-basic-principles-justice-victims-crime-and-abuse (last visited Dec 16, 2024).

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

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