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[17] Kesavanada Bharati v. State of Kerala, AIR 1973 SC 1461

[19] In Re: Beruberi Union (I), (1960) 3 SCR 250

[21] Golak Nath v. State of Punjab, (1967) 2 SCR 762.

[25] Kesavanada Bharati, ibid, paras 1882-84, 301995 Ibid para 1850.

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[1]G. Michael, A. Steib, C.D. Wiliam, and F.J. Victoria, “Monitoring expert system performance using continuous user feedback” 3 Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 216 (1996).

[2] What is Artificial Intelligence in Medicine? 2021, available at <https://www.ibm.com/watson health/learn/artificial-intelligencemedicine> (last visited on April 20^th 2021)

[3] New Ebola Treatment Using Artificial Intelligence, available at <https://www.atomwise.com/2015/03/24/new-ebolatreatment- using-artificial-intelligence/> (last visited on 22^nd October 2021).

[4] Phulan Sarma, S. V. Rana, Bikash Medhi, and Manisha Naithani, “Emerging role of artificial intelligence in therapeutics for COVID-19: A systematic review” 10 Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 16 (2020).

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[7] Eric Campo, Daniel Esteve, and Jean-Yves Fourniols. “Smart homes—Current features and future perspective” 64 Maturitas 97 (2019).

[8] Sophia AI Reaches Key Milestone by Helping to Better Diagnose 200,000 Patients Worldwide, available at (last visited on 22 May 2021).

[9] I.G Cohen, R. Amarasingham, A. Shah, B. Xie, “The legal and ethical concerns that arise from using complex predictive analytics in health care” 14 Health Aff 1134, available at <https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0048.> (last visited on 5^th 2021).

[10] J. Vincent, “AI that detects cardiac arrests during emergency calls will be tested across Europe this summer” Verge, available at <https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/25/17278994/aicardiac- arrest-corti-emergency-call-response 2018> (last visited March 21^st 2021).

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[12] Ibid.

[13] C. Ross, I. Swetlitz, “IBM’s Watson supercomputer recommended ‘unsafe and incorrect’ cancer treatments, internal documents show”, STAT, Jan 2017, available at <https://www.statnews. com/2018/07/25/ibm-watson-recommended-unsafe-incorrect-treatments> (last visited on 7^th October 2021).

[14] Figure Eight. What is training data?, available at <https://www.figure-eight.com/resources/whatis- training-data; 2020> (last visited on Jan 1^st 2021).

[15] Ibid.

[16] J. Brown, “IBM Watson reportedly recommended cancer treatments that were unsafe and incorrect”, Gizmodo, May 2019, available at <https://gizmodo.com/ibm-watson-reportedly-recommended- cancer-treatments-tha-1827868882; 2018> (last visited on Feb. 23^rd 2021).

[17] B. Wahl, A. Cossy-Gantner, S. Germann, “Artificial intelligence (AI)and global health: how can AI contribute to health in resource-poor settings?”, BMJ Glob Health, March 2018, available at (last visited on July 21^st 2021).

[18] N. Sharkey, “The impact of gender and race bias in AI”, Humanitarian Law Policy, Sept 2018, available at <https://blogs.icrc.org/law-and-policy/2018/08/28/impact-gender-race-bias-ai> (last visited on Jan. 3rd 2021).

[19] ICO. Royal Free, “Google DeepMind trial failed to comply with data protection law”, available at <https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/news-and-events/news-and-blogs/2017/07/ royal-free-google-deepmind-trial-failed-to-comply-with-data-protection-law> (last visited on Oct. 13, 2021).

[20] Dinerstein v. Google. No. 1:19-cv-04311; 2019.

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[22] S. Gerke, I.G. Cohen, “Potential liability for physicians using artificial intelligence” JAMA, May 2019, available at <https://doi.org/ 10.1001/jama.2019.15064.> (last visited on July 21^st 2021).

[23] Sophia AI Reaches Key Milestone by Helping to Better Diagnose 200,000 Patients Worldwide, 2018. Available at <https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sophia-ai-reaches-key-milestone-by-helping-to-better-diagnose-200000-patients-worldwide-680907791.html> (last visited on March 21^st2021).

[24] Official Journal of the European Union, available at <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L:2000:013:FULL&from=EN> (last visited on May 15^th 2021).

[25] Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, 2014, available at https://www.un.org/en/ga/sixth/70/docs/treaty_on_eeu.pdf (last visited on 20^th October 2021).

[26] European Parliament Resolution of 16 February 2017 with Recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics, 2015 available at <http://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2017-0051_EN.pdf> (last visited on Jan. 2^nd 2021).

[27] EU Declaration of Cooperation on Artificial Intelligence Signed at Digital Day on 10th April 2018, available at <https://ec.europa. eu/digital-single-market/en/events/digital-day-2018> (last visited on May 6^th 2021).

[28] Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence 2021 Review, 2021, available at <https://digital-strategy.ec. europa.eu/en/library/coordinated-plan-artificial-intelligence-2021-review> (last visited on Nov. 23^rd 2021).

[29] The Digital Europe Programme for the Period 2021–2027, 2018. Available at <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/ EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52018PC0434> (last visited on Sept. 5^th 2020).

[30] David, Rene, and Camille Jauffret Spinosi, Les Grands Systèmes de Droit Contemporains 107 (The Major Contemporary Legal Systems, Paris, 10^th edn. 2002).

[31] Ibid.

[1] Geetanjali Phatke,, Effects on Competition Law and Policy on Digital Markets in India, (2019) 4 ICLR 14

[2] INDIA CONST.,art.38

[3] INDIA CONST., art.39

[4] Competition Commission of India, Annual Report,

https : //www.cci.gov.in/sites/default/files/annual%20reports/CCI AR-2016-11 English.pdf

[5] Competition policy: The challenge of digital markets, https://www.monopolkommission.de/images/PDF/SG/SG68/S68_summary.pdf

[6] CCI v. Trai ,AIR 2018.

[7] Section 3, Competition Act, 2002, Acts of Parliament.

[8] Section 4, Competition Act, 2002, Acts of Parliament.

[9] Samanvi Narang and Prateek Gupta, Analysing the Competition Law Issues in the Ambitious Jio-Facebook Deal, 2020 SCC OnLine Blog OpEd 41.

[10] Section 4(2)(d), Competition Act, 2002, Acts of Parliament.

[11] ibid

[12] Does India need a separate Competition Law for Digital Markets, https://www.medianama.com/2023/02/223-quick-take-india-competition-law-digital-market/.

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^{^[21]}Kivimäki M and others, “The WHO/ILO Report on Long Working Hours and Ischaemic Heart Disease – Conclusions Are Not Supported by the Evidence” (2020) 144 Environment International <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106048 > accessed 10th february 2023

^{^[22]} Pouliakas K, “Multiple Job-Holding: Career Pathway or Dire Straits?” [2017] IZA World of Labor <https://wol.iza.org/articles/multiple-job-holding-career-pathway-or-dire-straits/long> accessed 20th December 2022.

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[1] The Indian Evidence Act, 1872, § 27, No. 1, Acts of Parliament, 1872 (India).

[2] Ratanlal & Dhirajlal, The Law of Evidence (LexisNexis 2019).

[4] The Indian Evidence Act, 1872, § 25, No. 1, Acts of Parliament, 1872 (India).

[6] State of U.P. v. Singhara Singh, AIR 1964 SC 358.

[7] S. Sarkar, Sarkar's Law of Evidence 420 (LexisNexis 2021).

[9] S.N. Mishra, Indian Evidence Act 96 (Central Law Publications 2017).

[11] Pranjal Kishore, Section 27 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872: An Appraisal, 62 JILI 358 (2020).

[14] State of Maharashtra v. Damu, (2000) 6 SCC 269.

[15] State of Haryana v. Ram Singh, (2002) 6 SCC 641.

[16] Pulukuri Kottaya v. Emperor, AIR 1947 PC 67.

[18] Siddharam Satlingappa Mhetre v. State of Maharashtra, (2011) 1 SCC 694.

[19] Lalita Kumari v. Govt. of U.P., (2014) 2 SCC 1.

[39] R. Venkata Rao, Discovery and Recovery under Section 27 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872: A Reassessment, 54 JILI, 175-193 (2012).

[42] Varsha S. S., Use of Discovery Statements in Criminal Trials: A Comparative Study, 45 IBR, 122-143 (2018).

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