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IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
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[1] It also provides against irregularities in payment of wages and unauthorized deductions therefrom by the employers (Aruind Mills Ltd. V. Gadgil, A.I.R. (1941) Bom. 26 Armugham v. Jawahar Mills, A.I.R. (1956) Mad. 79]. Further, it ensures payment of wages in a particular form and at regular intervals without unauthorized deductions.

[2]The Payment of Wages Act, 1936 was passed to regulate the payment of wages to certain classes of persons employed in industry (D’Costa, A.V., G.I.P. Rly. V. B.C. Patel, A.L.R. (1955) S.C. 412].

[3] It is essentially meant for the benefit of industrial employees not getting very high salaries and the provisions of the Act were enacted to safeguard their interest [Milkhi Ram v. State of Punjab, A.I.R. (1964) Punj. 513].

[1] Merriam-Webster dictionary, as accessed April 1, 2018, entry feminism, sense 1.

[2] Echols (1989), pp. 289, citing Snitow, Ann, Retrenchment vs. Transformation: The Politics of the Anti-Pornography Movement, in Caught Looking: Feminism, Pornography and Censorship (N.Y.: Caught Looking, 1986), pp. 11–12.

[3] Spender, Dale, For the Record: The Making and Meaning of Feminist Knowledge (London: The Women's Press, 1985 (ISBN 0-7043-2862-3)), p. 151 (on institutions) but see p. 214 (antibureaucratic).

[4] Goldstein, Leslie F. (1982). "Early Feminist Themes in French Utopian Socialism: The St.-Simonians and Fourier". Journal of the History of Ideas. 43 (1): 91–108.

[5] Cott, Nancy F. (1987). The Grounding of Modern Feminism. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 13.

[6] "feminist". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. 2012. (Subscription required (help)). An advocate or supporter of the rights and equality of women. 1852: De Bow's Review ('Our attention has happened to fall upon Mrs. E. O. Smith, who is, we are informed, among the most moderate of the feminist reformers!')

[7] "feminism". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. 2012. (Subscription required (help)). Advocacy of equality of the sexes and the establishment of the political, social, and economic rights of the female sex; the movement associated with this.”

[8] Walters, Margaret (2005). Feminism: A very short introduction. Oxford University. pp. 1–176.

[9] Botting, Eileen Hunt; Houser, Sarah L. (2006). "'Drawing the Line of Equality': Hannah Mather Crocker on Women's Rights". The American Political Science Review. 100 (2): 265–78.

[10] Humm, Maggie. 1995. The Dictionary of Feminist Theory. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, p. 251

[11] Krolokke, Charlotte; Sorensen, Anne Scott (2005). "Three Waves of Feminism: From Suffragettes to Grrls". Gender Communication Theories and Analyses: From Silence to Performance. Sage. p. 24.

[13] Chamberlain, Prudence (2017). The Feminist Fourth Wave: Affective Temporality. Cham: Springer. p. 115.

[14] Solomon, Deborah (13 November 2009). "The Blogger and Author on the Life of Women Online". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 March 2023.

[15] For Cosby, Ghomeshi, #MeToo, and fourth wave, see Matheson, Kelsey (17 October 2017). "You Said #MeToo. Now What Are We Going To Do About It?", The Huffington Post

[16] Redden, Molly, and agencies (6 December 2017). "#MeToo movement named Time magazine’s Person of the Year", The Guardian.

[17] Modleski, Tania (1991). Feminism without women: culture and criticism in a 'postfeminist' age. New York: Routledge. p. 188.

[18] Jones, Amelia (1994). "Postfeminism, Feminist Pleasures, and Embodied Theories of Art". In Frueh, Joana; Langer, Cassandra L.; Raven, Arlene. New Feminist Criticism: Art, Identity, Action. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 16–41, 20.

[19] Chunn, D. (2007). "Take it easy girls": Feminism, equality, and social change in the media. In D. Chunn, S. Boyd, & H. Lessard (E ds.), Reaction and resistance: Feminism, law, and social change (pp. 31). Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.

[20] Hartmann, Heidi (1981), "The unhappy marriage of Marxism and feminism: towards a more progressive union", in Sargent, Lydia, Women and revolution: a discussion of the unhappy marriage of Marxism and Feminism, South End Press Political Controversies Series, Boston, Massachusetts: South End Press, pp. 1–42

[21] Mitchell, Eve (2013). I am a woman and a human: a Marxist feminist critique of intersectionality (pamphlet). Houston, NYC, and Atlanta: Unity and Struggle. Archived from the original on 2017-05-29.

^{^[24]}Freedman, Estelle B. (2003). No Turning Back: The History of Feminism and the Future of Women. London: Ballantine Books; Cott, Nancy F. (1987). The Grounding of Modern Feminism (2nd ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press; Cornell, Drucilla (1998). At the Heart of Freedom: Feminism, Sex, and Equality. Princeton University Press. p. X; Kimmel, Michael (1993). "Who's Afraid of Men Doing Feminism?". In Digby, Tom. Men Doing Feminism. New York: Routledge. pp. 57–68; DuBois, Ellen Carol (1999). Feminism and suffrage: the emergence of an independent women's movement in America, 1848–1869. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press; Voet, Maria Christine Bernadetta (1998). Feminism and Citizenship. London

[25] Schönpflug (2008), pp. 159–160, citing Rohrlich, R. & Elaine Hoffman Baruch, Women in Search of Utopia: Mavericks and Mythmakers (N.Y.: Schocken Books, 1984), and Plato, The Republic (ca. 394 B.C.).

[26] "Definition of equalitarianism". The Free Dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2009.

[28] Arneson, Richard (2002). [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/egalitarianism"Egalitarianism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

[29] "Egalitarianism". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.

[30] "Wgalitarianism". American Heritage Dictionary. 2003.

[31] Erdal, D.; Whiten, A. (1996). "Egalitarianism and Machiavellian Intelligence in Human Evolution" in Mellars, P.; Gibson, K. (eds.). Modeling the Early Human Mind. Cambridge MacDonald Monograph Series.

[32] Jaggar, Alison. (1994) "Part One: Equality. Introduction." In Living with Contradictions: Controversies in Feminist Social Ethics. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

[33] Jeff Rosen, "The Book of Ruth," New Republic, August 2, 1993, p. 19.

[36] Siegel, Deborah, Sisterhood, Interrupted: From Radical Women to Grrls Gone Wild (N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007 (ISBN 978-1-4039-8204-9)), p. 15.

[45] Daily Rated Casual Labour vs. Union of India, (1988) SCC 122

[46] Guillaumin, Colette (1994). Racism, Sexism, Power, and Ideology. pp. 193–95.

[48] Baker, Michael; Kevin Milligan (2008). "How Does Job-Protected Maternity Leave Affect Mothers' Employment?". Journal of Labor Economics. 26 (4): 655–91.

[53] Echols (1989), pp. 289, citing Snitow, Ann, Retrenchment vs. Transformation: The Politics of the Anti-Pornography Movement, in Caught Looking: Feminism, Pornography and Censorship (N.Y.: Caught Looking, 1986), pp. 11–12.

[63] Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, What is "Feminism"?, in The Sunday Herald, Sep. 3, 1916, [§] Magazine, p. [7] [of §], of The Boston Herald (Boston, Mass.).

[64] NOW (National Organization for Women) Bill of Rights, in Morgan, Robin, ed., Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings From the Women's Liberation Movement (N.Y.: Random House, 1st ed. 1970), pp. 512–513 (§ Historical Documents) ("adopted at NOW's first national conference, Washington, D.C., 1967", per id., p. 512).

[3] PG 1182 , V.N. Shukla , Constitution of India , MP Singh , Twelfth Edition

[1] MP Jain & SN Jain, Principles of Administrative Law

[2] Law of the Constitution, 329-333 (8^th Edition)

[4] MP Jain, Administrative Law, Volume 1 , 6^th Edition , pg 18

[5] Jennings, The Law and the Constitution (London, 1933), pp. 42–5

[6]http://fs2.american.edu/dfagel/www/Philosophers/Raz/Rule%20of%20Law%20and%20its%20Virtue_%20%20Joseph%20Raz.pdf

[8] MP Jain, Administrative Law, Volume 1 , 6^th Edition , pg 19

[9] MP Jain, Administrative Law, 6^th Edition, lexis Nexis pg 22

[10] Referred the Article- The Rule of Law and Its Virtue (1977)published in The Law Quarterly Review

[11] http://www.legalserviceindia.com/article/l457-Rule-of-Law-in-India-&-UK.html

[12] Board of Education vs Rice, 1911 AC 179 infra

[13] Local Government Board vs Arlidge , 1915 AC 129 infra

[15] MP Jain & SN Jain, Principles of Administrative Law, 6^th Edition , pg 15

[16] Report & Suggestions of the Committee on Minister’s Power

[17] MP Jain & SN Jain, Principles of Administrative Law, 6^th Edition , pg 16

[18] MP Jain & SN Jain, Principles of Administrative Law, 6^th Edition , pg 16

[20] MP Jain & SN Jain, Principles of Administrative Law , 6^thEdition, pg 17

[21] MP Jain & SN Jain, Principles of Administrative Law , 6^thEdition, pg 17

[22] MP Jain, Administrative Law, Volume 1, 6^th Edition, pg 23

[24] MP Jain, Administrative Law, Volume 1, 6^th Edition, pg 24

[26] MP Jain, Administrative Law, Volume 1, 6^th Edition, pg 23

[28] https://dhruvdahiya.wordpress.com/2013/03/12/nature-of-the-rule-of-law-in-india-insights-from-adm-jabalpur-vs-shivakant-shukla-air-1976/

[30] Golaknath vs State of Punjab AIR 1976 SC 1643 , para 98

[34] Minerva Mills Ltd. Vs Union Of India AIR 1980 SC 1789

[1] MRF Ltd. v. Manohar Parrikar, (2010) 11 SCC 374

[2] Jasdev Singh & Ors. V. Unit Trust of India, 2011 SCC OnLine Del 2026

[3] 24th Edition, Dr. G.K Kapoor & Dr. Sanjay Dhamija, Company Law and Practice, 180 (Taxmann’s , August 2019)

[4] Houghton & Co. v. Nothard, Lowe & Wills Ltd., (1927) 1 KB 246 (CA)

[7] Mahony v. East HolyFord Mining Co., (1875) LR 7 HL 869

[9] Raunak Bajaj, The Turquand Rule and its implications on the Indian Corporate Law, (2013) PL September 67

[11] Kunvar Bharat Singh, Doctrine of Indoor Management and exceptions to this rule, Legal Service India (June 21, 2022, 09:12 P.M.) https://www.legalserviceindia.com/article/l203-Indoor-Management.html

[12] Pearl Narang, Memorandum of Association : Know everything about it, Companies Act 2013, iPleaders blog (June 2022, 06:22 P.M.) https://blog.ipleaders.in/memorandum-of-association-2/

[14] Varkey Souriar v. Keraleeya Banking Co. Ltd. Thiruvalla, 1956 SCC OnLine Ker 32

[15] Ram Baran Singh v. Muffassil Bank Ltd., AIR 1925 All 206 (2) (B)

[16] Royal British Bank v. Turquand, (1856) 6 El & Bl 327 (A)

[17] Dehra Dun Mussorie Electric Tramway Co. Ltd. v. Jagmandar Das, AIR 1932 All 141 (C)

[18] Lakshmi Ratan Cotton Mills Co. Ltd, v. J. K. Jute Mitts Co. Ltd., AIR 1957 All 311

[19] Howard v. Patent Ivory Co., (1888) 38 Ch D 156.

[20] Rama Corporation v. Proved Tin & General Investment Co., (1952) 1All. ER 554

[21] Rouben v. Great Fingal Consolidated (1906) AC 439

[22] Kreditbank Cassel v. Schenkers Ltd. (1927) 1 KB 826

[23] Underwood v. Benkof Liverpool, (1924) 1 KB 775

[24] Anand Behari Lal v. Dinshaw & Co. (Bankers) Ltd., AIR 1942 Oudh 417

[25] Varkey Souriar v. Keraleeya Banking Co. Ltd., (1957) 27 Com Cases 591 (Ker.)

[26] Pacific Coast Coal Mines v. Arbuthnot, (1917) AC 607.

[28] MRF Ltd. v. Manohar Parrikar, (2010) 11 SCC 374

[31] Mahoney v East Holyford Mining Co., (1875) LR 7 HL 86

[1] N. Raghavender v. State of Andhra Pradesh, CBI, Writ Petition No.10509 Of 2019

[2] Indian Penal Code, 1860, §120B- Punishment for Criminal Conspiracy

[3] In this case, the appellant was charged under Section 302, and several other provisions, along with six other accused, who were acquitted. The case pertained to the murder of an ‘X’ at the doorstep of Y’s house. The case was first tried at the Trial Court, wherein the Court acquitted the Appellant for the want of evidence, in light of contradictory claims made by the Eye-witnesses presented by the Prosecution. This decision was overturned at the High Court, and the Appellant then challenged the order under the Supreme Court. The Apex Court held that the discrepancies in the claims of the eye-witness were not something minor, and had to be taken into account. When viewed with the non-Examination of a material witness (Y), turned to be fatal to the prosecution’s case. Thus, the Court gave the Appellant the benefit of the doubt and reversed the High Court order.

Prabhat Bhai Narayan Wagh & Ors v. State Of Maharashtra, Criminal Appeal No. 72 of 2008, ¶10

[4] In this case the Court explained that withholding the statement of a material witness leads to a dent in establishing the case against the accused. If this is done without any convincing explanation, it draws an adverse inference on the prosecution’s case. The Court also held that an Injured witness is given more credibility than an ordinary witness[4].

Mahak Chand And Others v. State Of Uttar Pradesh, Criminal Appeal, 1122 of 1993, ¶64.

[5] In the Hari Sao case, the accused was charged with cheating wherein he represented that X number of bags were present at the time of loading onto the train, however, later only a reduced number of bags were delivered. The Trial and the High Court found the accused guilty of the said offense. Their decision was, however, overturned by the Supreme Court, stating that the false representation made by the accused did not lead to an extra burden on the other party (Railways), and they were unlikely to suffer any loss or damage. In such a scenario, no question of cheating the Railways could be inferred[5].

Hari Sao and Another v. State of Bihar, Criminal Appeal No. 240(N) of 1966, ¶10

[6] In the latter case of Mohd. Ibrahim, the Court while assessing the ingredients of Cheating held that the act or omission must cause or be likely to cause damage or harm to the person, either in body, mind, or property. The Court reiterated the principle laid in the case of Dr. Vimla v. Delhi Administration [1963 AIR 1572] that defrauding someone had two elements, namely- deceit and injury. Injury is not merely any pecuniary loss but refers to the harm caused to one’s mind, body, reputation, or such others[6].

Mohd. Ibrahim and Another v. State of Bihar, Criminal Appeal No. 1695 of 2009, ¶13, ¶15

[7] Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, Section 313

[8] In the Samsul case, the court upheld the principle of Audi Alteram Partem, giving the accused the right to defend himself. It stated that those circumstances that are not placed before the accused during his statement under Section 313 of the CrPC, must be removed from consideration. The Court reiterated the principle established in Asraf Ali v State of Assam [Criminal Appeal No. 174 of 2001].

Samsul Haque v. State of Assam, Criminal Appeal 1905 of 2009, ¶13, ¶22.

[10] The Courts in several decisions like Ganga Kumar v. State of Bihar [Criminal Appeal 1186 of 1999] and Dalbir Kaur v. State of Punjab [1977 AIR 472] has held that the authority of the Court vide Article 136, for criminal cases, does not extend to interfering with the fact-findings of any case. The same is allowed only in Special Circumstances when the facts ascertained by the lower courts lead to gross injustice.

[11] In the case of N.V. Subbarao v. State, the accused was the Branch Manager of the Central Bank of India, and was charged under Section 420 of the IPC, among others, for defrauding the Bank. The Court, inter alia, noted that even though the accused claims all the transactions to be genuine, it is his burden to establish that all the conditions were met satisfactorily. He, being the custodian of the Bank, has to shoulder the entire responsibility.

N.V. Subbarao v. State, Criminal Appeal No. 1688 of 2008, ¶15

[12] In this case, the accused being acquainted with the practices of the Bank, was held guilty. The Court also viewed the conduct of the accused as a series of events, rather than viewing the misconduct in isolation. While substantiating Section 405 of the IPC, the Court laid that the section is attracted even when one allows somebody else to misappropriate the property entrusted to him. The section applies in both a negative and positive case, in a negative manner it relates to using dishonesty to dispose of the property. The positive case includes the misappropriation or conversion of property.

Vinayak Narayan Deosthali v. Central Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Appeal 346 of 2004, ¶361

[13] The accused in this case, was the Chairman-cum-Chief Executive Officer (CCEO) of Noida and was charged with abuse of power, vide Section 13(2) and 13(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act. The Court held that the charge of Criminal Misconduct would be attracted when the accused obtains anything valuable or of monetary advantage by corrupt practices. The Court also held that such a gain can be in the favour of the accused or any other person in his relation. The Court reiterated that when an office-bearer acts in Flagrant violation of norms to uphold his interests, bypassing the public need, he has abused his power as an official.

Neera Yadav v. Central Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Appeal 253 of 2017, ¶ 49

[14] N. Raghavender v. State of Andhra Pradesh, writ petition 10509 of 2019, ¶37

[16] The Appellant was a dealer at a Fair-Price Shop, and was required to distribute free rice under the Food for Work Scheme, and maintain the accounts of the rice distributed. In the year 2002, a complaint was filed regarding the irregular supply of rice, that is, an essential commodity. On inspection, the officials could not get true records/accounts from the Appellant. It was recorded through evidence that the Appellant could not explain the correct accounts, and that he distributed the grains against the express statutory orders. The Court also recognised that the Appellant was ‘entrusted’ with the essential commodities. The Court found the Appellant guilty under Section 409, claiming that no leniency or sympathy could be shown, especially when the property entrusted, was essential commodities.

Sadhupati Nageswara Rao v. State of Andhra Pradesh, Criminal Appeal No. 1159 of 2012, ¶9, ¶11

[17] Indian Penal Code, 1860, Section 406- Punishment for criminal breach of trust

[19] Somnath Puri v. State of Rajasthan, 1972 AIR 1490; State of Punjab v. Pritam Chand, Criminal Appeal no. 28-DBA of 1991

[24] Binod Kumar and others v. State of Bihar, Criminal Appeal No. 2327 of 2014, ¶17

[26] Hari Sao v. State of Bihar, AIR 1970 SC 843, ¶6

[27] Charu Chandra Ghose and Others v. King-Emperor, AIR 1924 Cal 502; Rekha v. Abdul Wahaf, Criminal Original Petition (Md) No. 7734 of 2010, ¶14

[28] P.S.A Pillai, Criminal Law, LexisNexis, 14^th Edition 2021, Page 948.

[29] Narayan Das v. State of Orissa, AIR 1952 Ori 149; Ram Nath v. State of MB, AIR 1951 MB 100, ¶6

[30] Mahadeo Prasad v. State of Bombay, AIR 1954 SC 724, ¶4

[31] Shivanarayan Kabra v. State of Madras, AIR 1967 SC 986, ¶4

[32] Med Chi Chemicals & Pharma Ltd v. Biological E Lt, AIR 2000 SC 1869

[33] Anil Kumar Bose v. State of Bihar, AIR 1974 SC 1560

[38] Hair Singh Gour, Penal Law of India, Edn Law Publishers, Volume 4, 11^th Edition 1998, Page 4200

[39] Harnam Singh v. Delhi Administration, AIR 1976 SC 2140, ¶18

[41] A Jayaram v. State of Andhra Pradesh, AIR 1995 SC 2128, ¶25

[43] Ulhas Khaire @ Lokeshwar Dev v. State, CR No.  91/16 (Case No. 56308/16)

[44] Basant Misra and Another v. State of Haryana and others, Criminal Misc. M No.43667 Of 2003

[45] Mahindra and Mahindra Financial Services Ltd and another v. Delta Classic Pvt. Ltd, Criminal Petition No. 274 of 2008

[49] Wolfgang Reim and others v. State and Another, Criminal M.S. No. 1942 of 2004

[50] Jalpa Parahad Aggarwal v. State of Haryana and others, 1987 (2) RCR 427

[51] Durland v. United States, 161 U.S. 306 (1896), US Supreme Court

[52] Dr. Vimla v. Delhi Administration, 1963 AIR 1572

[53] Kotamraju Venkatrayadu v. Emperor, Criminal Revision Case No. 463 of 1903

[54] Kandipalli Madhavarao v. State Of A.P, 2007 CriLJ 4555, ¶18

[55] Revision vs By Advs.Sri. Sayed Murthala, Crl.Rev.Pet.No. 471 of 2004, ¶10

[56] Union of India through its secretary, Ministry of Defense and Others v. Rabinder Singh, Civil Appeal No. 7241 of 2002, ¶23

[57] Vinayak Narayan Deosthali v. Central Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Appeal 346 of 2004, ¶361

[59] A Jayaram v. State of Andhra Pradesh, AIR 1995 SC 2128, ¶25

[60] United States v. D'Amato, 39 F.3d 1249 (2d Cir. 1994)

[61] United States v. Regent Office Supply Co., 421 F.2d 1174, 1180-81 (2d Cir. 1970)

[63] Bank Of Baroda v. Govind Ram Agarwal, 2007 (3) CHN 60, ¶10, ¶12

[64] Anz Grindlays Bank P.I.C. And Anr. v. Shipping And Clearing (Agents), 1992 CriLJ 77, ¶10

[65] Attorney-General of Canada and another v. Attorney-General of the Province of Quebec and another, Privy Council Appeal No. 43 of 1944, ¶22

[66] Velji Lakhamsey & Co. vs B.R. Banaji, (1955) 57 BOMLR 993

[67] Jaswant Rai Manilal Akhaney v. State of Bombay, AIR 1956 SC 575

[69] Debobrata Gupta v. SK Ghosh, Criminal Appeal No. 134 of 1967

[70] Dada Rao v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1974 SC 388

[71] Charu Chandra Ghose and Others v. King-Emperor, AIR 1924 Cal 502; Rekha v. Abdul Wahaf, Criminal Original Petition (Md) No. 7734 of 2010, ¶14

[72] G. Laxminarayan Naidu v. Chitiboina Yerraiah, 1985 (II) Ori LR 119

[73] Shri Bhagwan Samardha Sreepadha Vallabha Vishwanandha Maharaj v. State of Andhra Pradesh, AIR 1999 SC 2332

[75] N.V. Subbarao v. State, Criminal Appeal No. 1688 of 2008, ¶15

[76] Jaikrishnadas Manohardas Desai v. State of Bombay, AIR 1960 SC 889, ¶6

[77] Bank not a trustee of money deposited by Customers- Customer & Bank are creditor/Debtor: SC, Taxguru, 31^st December 2021, Available here.

[79] Mustafikhan v. State of Maharashtra, Criminal Appeal No. 1261 of 2006, ¶12

[80] Fraud Facts, March 2014, Fraud advisory Panel, Issue 17, 3^rd edition, Available here.

[81] Samarth Trigunayak, Criminal Breach of Trust, Academike, 20^th August 2014, Available here.

[83] General Laws, Part I, Title XXI, Chapter 151D, Section 6, The General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Available here.

[4] ‘Conflict of law’ by Prof. Kermit Roosevelt.

[5] ‘concept of judicial activism’ by Vaibhavi Batra of Amity Law School, Noida

[9] London and North Eastern Railway v. Berriman 1946

[3] Guthikonda Sri Hari Prasad Rao v. Guthikonda Lakshmi Rajyama, 1992 (2) Andh LT 658.

[4] Inder Mohan Goswami v. State of Uttarakhand, (2007) 12 SCC 1.

[5] Raghuvansh Dewanchand Bhasin v. State of Maharastra, AIR 2011 SC 3393.

[7] The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, §2(x), No.2, Act of Parliament, 1974 (India).

[8] The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, §2(w), No.2, Act of Parliament, 1974 (India).

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