[1] Aniruddha Shrivastava, An Analysis of Anti-Conversion Laws in India, Vol. 2 Iss.
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[1]Id.at 3.
[1] The
Karnataka Protection of Right to Freedom of Religion Bill, 2021, 11th
Session, Acts of Parliament,2021 (India)
[1]Id. at 4.
[1]Id. at 4.
[1] Aniruddha Shrivastava, An Analysis of Anti-Conversion Laws in India, Vol. 2 Iss.
1, International Journal of Integrated Law Review, 93, 96 & 97, 2021
[1] Aniruddha Shrivastava, An Analysis of Anti-Conversion Laws in India, Vol. 2 Iss.
1, International Journal of Integrated Law Review, 93, 97 & 98, 2021
[1] Rev. Stainislaus v. State of Madhya Pradesh
& Ors, AIR 908, 1977 SCR (2) 611
[1]Arumugam
Servai v. State of Tamil Nadu,(2011) 6 SCC 405]
[1]Bhagwan
Dass v. State (NCT of Delhi), SLP 1208/2011
[1]Re
vs Indian Woman Says Gang-Raped, 28th March, 1947
[1]Ratilal
Panchand Gandhi vs The State of Bombay, AIR 388, 1954 SCR 1035
[1] Rawls, J (1971) A Theory of Justice, Belknap Press.
[1] Ucaryilmaz, T. (2021) The Principle of
Proportionality in Modern Ius Gentium, Utrecht
Journal of International and European Law, 36(1), Pp. 14-32.
[1] (1875) L.R. O Exch. P. 153 at p. 162.
[1] Barry H. (2001) “The Doctrine of Consideration: Dead or Alive in
English Employment Contracts” (retrieved from; eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk) p.1).
[1]Ibid.
[1]Ibid.
[1]Ibid.
[1] Per Lord Chelrisford L.C. in Earl of Darnley v. London, Chaltam and
Dover Rly. Co
[1].AIR 1979 SUPREME COURT p. 621
[1] . (1877) 2 AC p. 439
[1] ( 1974 ) 1WLR P. 1097.
[1]Central London Property Trust
Ltd v. High TreesHouse Ltd. (1947)
K.B. 130
[1]Supra.
[1] (1975) 3 All E.R. p. 865
[1]Supra.
[1]Supra.
[1]Combe v. Combe (1951) 2 K.B p. 215
[1]Supra.
[1] Crabb v. Arun District Council (1975) 3 All ER. p. 865
[1]Mortgage Mercantile Co. Ltd
v. Twitchings ( 1977 ) AC p.890.
[1] Supra.
[1]
Supra.
[1] Spencer, Bower and Turner, Treatise on The Law relating to Estoppel
by Representation
[1]Supra
[1]Supra.
[1](1854) UKHL p. 50
[1] (1877) 2 AC p.439.
[1] (1951) 2KB p.215.
[1] Holdsworth (1909 – 52) A History of English
law, Methuen, London
[1] Wright, Lord, 49 Harvard Law Review, 1225
[1] . Municipal Corporation of India v.Secretary of State (1934) 36
BOMBAY.LR. p. 568, 152 Ind. Cas. p. 947
[1] That the crown also came within this range of equity.
[1] Collector of Bimbay v. The Municipal
corporation of the state of Bombay (1951) AIR S.crt p.469.
[1] W.J. Alan & Co. Ltd v. El-Nasir Export and Import case (1972) 2
All E.R p. 127 C.A.
[1]Ante.
[1](1875) L.R. 10 Ex.
P. 153.
[1]Barry, op. cit.
[1]Collins, H.
(1997), The Law of Contract, 3rd
edition, Butterworths. Ch. 4.
[1]Smith, J.S.
(1979), “The Law of Contracts, Alive or Dead”, 13. The Law Teacher p.73.
[1] Wright, Lord (1935) “Ought the Doctrine of Consideration to be
Abolished from the Common Law”, 49 Harvard
Law Review p. 12, 25
[1]The Law Teacher p. 73. Barry op. cit.
[1]Collins, H.
(1997),The Law
of Contract, 3rd edition, Butterworths Ch. Pollock, F. (1950) The Principles of Contract, 13th Edition, Stephen &
Sons, London, p. 175
[1]. Pollock, F. (1950) The Principles of Contract, 13th Edition, Stephen &
Sons, London, p. 175.Allen & Overy (2018) “Basic Principle of
English Law of Contract” (retrieved from www.id.org on the 2nd day
of November 2019), 24
[1] Smith R,Sally Ann, S(2016)
“Contractual Amendments –Only in Writing and Signal by Parties” (Retrieved from
https:/www.texology.com on the 1st
day of November 2091).
[1] (2016) EWCA Civ. P. 396
[1] (2018)
UKSC P. 24.
[1] (2003) 2 A.C. p. 9 per (Lord Bingham (51) Lord Walker).
[1]Supra.
[1]Low v. Bouverie (1891)3
Ch. P. 82 ar p. 105,112.
[1]Cartwright J.
(2006), “Protecting Legitimate Expectations and Estoppel in English law”.
Report to the 17th International Congress of Comparative Law. EJ CL.
[1]Cartwright J.Ibid.
[1]Greasley v Cooke [1980] 3
All ER 710.
[1]Sidhu .v. Van Duke (2014)
HCA 19 p.55
[1]Barnett, P.
(2001), Res Judicata, Estoppel and
Foreign Judgments, Oxford University Press, U.K.
[1] Feinman, J.M.; (1992), “The Last Promissory Estoppel Article”,
Fordham Law Review, Vol. 61, issue 2.
[1] Kostritsky, Juliet. P. (1987) A New Theory of Assent-Based
Liability Emerging under the Guise of Promissory Estoppel: An Explanation and
Defense [article]. Wayne Law Review, Vol
[1]Ibid.
[1]Ibid.
[1]Supra.
[1]Steinberg, J.G. (1975) “Promissory Estoppel as a Means of Defeating the
Statute of Frauds,” 44, Fordham Law
Review, p. 114
[1] Yogman M.W., Eppel A.M. (2022) The Role of
Fathers in Child and Family Health. In: Grau Grau M., las Heras Maestro M.,
Riley Bowles H. (eds) Engaged Fatherhood for Men, Families and Gender Equality.
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[1]After more than a year of negotiations, U.S. and Taliban
representatives signed a bilateral agreement on February 29,2020, agreeing to two “interconnected”
guarantees: the withdrawal of all U.S. and international forces by May 2021,and unspecified Taliban action to prevent
other groups (including Al Qaeda) from using Afghan soil to threaten theUnited States and its allies. The text of
the agreement is available at https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Agreement-For-Bringing-Peace-to-Afghanistan-02.29.20.pdf.Nonpublicannexeswent withtheagreement.
[1]Jonathan Schroden, “Afghanistan’s Security
Forces Versus the Taliban: A Net Assessment,” CTC Sentinel, January 2021.
[1]Kate Clark and Obaid Ali, “A Quarter of
Afghanistan’s Districts Fall to the Taliban amid Calls for a ‘Second Resistance,’” Afghanistan Analysts Network, July 2, 2021.
[1]Dan De Luce, Mushtaq Yusufzai, and Sephora
Smith, “Even the Taliban are surprised at how fast they’re advancing in Afghanistan,” NBC News, June 25, 2021.
[1]“Afghanistan:
Taliban continue attacks
on three major cities,” BBC, August
1, 2021.
[1]Susannah George, “Afghanistan’s military
collapse: Illicit deals and mass desertions,” Washington Post, August 15, 2021;
David Zucchino, “Collapse and Conquest: The Taliban Strategy That Seized
Afghanistan,” New York Times, August 18, 2021.
[1]One analyst has
described the Taliban’s government during the 1990s as “nominally interim.”
“Who Will Run the Taliban
Government?” International Crisis
Group, September 9, 2021.
[1]S. K. Khan, “Taliban to implement monarch-era
Constitution in Afghanistan,” Anadolu
Ajansi, September 28, 2021; “Taliban
plans to form ‘commission’ in 2022 to draft
new constitution,” ANI,
September 23, 2021.
[1]Fazelminallah Qazizai, “The Mysterious Public
Appearances of the Taliban’s Supreme Leader,” Newlines, December 20,
2021; “Haibatullah Akhundzada: Shadowy Taliban supreme leader whose son was
suicide bomber,” Reuters, September
7, 2021.
[1]Martine van Bijlert, “The Focus of the Taliban’s New Government:
Internal cohesion, external dominance,” Afghanistan Analysts Network, September 12, 2021.
[1]Stephanie Findlay, “Haqqani network’s clever
game culminates with Afghan government roles,” Financial Times, September 10, 2021.
[1]“Who Will Run the Taliban
Government?” op. cit.
[1]Zia ur-Rehman and Emily Schmall, “The Taliban
have staffing issues. They are looking for help in Pakistan,” New York Times, January 13, 2022.
[1]Khudai Noor Nasar, “Afghanistan: Taliban
leaders in bust-up at presidential palace, sources say,” BBC, September 15, 2021; Ali Latifi, “How deep
are divisions among the Taliban?”
Al Jazeera, September 23,
2021.
[1]Andrew Watkins, “An Assessment of Taliban Rule at Three
Months,” CTC Sentinel, November
2021.
[1]“How the Taliban
engineered ‘political collapse’ of Afghanistan,” Reuters,
August 17, 2021; Shadi Hamid,
“Americans never understood Afghanistan like the Taliban did,”
Brookings Institution, August
23, 2021.
[1]Loveday Morris and Ruby
Mellen, “Portraits of fear and loss,” Washington
Post, January 12, 2022.
[1]Trevor Filseth, “After Renegade Province’s
Fall, Panjshir Resistance Leaders Surface in Tajikistan,” National Interest,
September 23, 2021; Lachlan Markey, “Taliban resistance ramps up U.S. lobbying
efforts,” Axios, October 27, 2021.
[1]“Shirshah Rasooli, “Resistance Front Proposed Transitional Govt to Islamic
Emirate,” TOLOnews, January 11, 2022.
[1]Samya Kullab, “Islamic State attacks test
Taliban’s control in Afghanistan,” Christian
Science Monitor, October 13, 2021;
Amira Jadoon and Andrew Mines, “The Taliban can’t take on the Islamic State
alone,” War on the Rocks, October 14, 2021
[1]Yaroslav Trofimov, “Left Behind After U.S. Withdrawal,
Some Former Afghan Spies and Soldiers Turn to Islamic State,” Wall Street Journal, October 31, 2021.
[1]Susannah George and Ezzatullah Mehrdad, “Space
for dissent opened in Afghanistan after the Taliban was ousted 20 years ago. Now the militants are trying
to slam it shut,” Washington Post,
September 12, 2021; “Thousands protest against Taliban
in Kandahar over evictions,” Reuters, September 14, 2021.
[1]“Afghan women call for rights,
protest alleged Taliban
killings,” Al Jazeera, December
28, 2021
[1]“Oral update on the situation of human rights
in Afghanistan” 48th Session of the Human Rights Council, September 13, 2021.
[1]“Were Afghan women forced
to attend the pro-Taliban rally?”
TRT World, September 15, 2021.
security of Afghanistan, U.N. Document S/2021/486, released May 27, 2020.
[1]Jeff Seldin, “US Calls Death of al-Qaida
Official a Major Setback for Terror Group,” Voice
of America, October 26, 2020.
[1]U.N. Document S/2021/486, op. cit.
[1]Michael Balsamo, et al., “Concerns over US
Terror Threat Rising as Taliban hold Grows,” Associated Press, August 15, 2021.
[1]Robert Burns and Lolita Baldor, “US commander:
Al-Qaida numbers in Afghanistan up ‘slightly,’” Associated Press, December 10, 2021.
[1]Ahmad Siddiqi, “The West is getting Afghanistan
wrong – again,” Al Jazeera, September
12, 2021; Daniel Byman, “Will Afghanistan Become a Terrorist
Safe Haven Again?” Foreign Affairs, August 18, 2021.
[1]Twenty-ninth report
of the Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team submitted following
resolution 2368 (2017) concerning
ISIL (Da’esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals and entities, U.N. Document
S/2022/83, released February 3, 2022.
[1]Wesley Morgan, “Our secret
Taliban Air Force,” Washington Post, October 22, 2020.
[1]Secretary of Defense
Austin and Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff Gen. Milley Press
Briefing on the End
of the
U.S. War in Afghanistan, Department of Defense,
September 1, 2021.
[1]Kathy Gannon, “Taliban say they won’t work with
US to contain Islamic State,” Associated Press, October 9, 2021.
[1]See, for example,
Remarks by President
Biden on the Way Forward
in Afghanistan, White House, April 14, 2021.
[1]“Transcript of Taliban’s first news conference
in Kabul,” Al Jazeera, August 17,
2021. Sharia refers broadly to concepts
and principles of Islamic religious jurisprudence that vary in their
interpretation under different schools of practice. For more, see Matthew Nelson,
“The Taliban’s (Islamic)
Isolation,” Chatham House,
October 21, 2020.
[1]“Women’s Rights in Afghanistan: Where Are We Now?”
United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women, December 2021.
[1]John R. Allen and Vanda Felbab-Brown, “The fate
of women’s rights in Afghanistan,” Brookings Institution, September 2020
[1]Anand Gopal, “The Other Afghan
Women,” The New Yorker,
September 6, 2021.
[1]Margherita Stancati, “After Taliban Return,
Afghan Women Face Old Pressures from Fathers, Brothers,” New York Times, December 15, 2021.
[1]Rachel Pannett, “Who leads Afghanistan’s new
government? Here is what we know about the Taliban’s top officials,” Washington
Post, September 8, 2021.
[1]“No long-distance travel
for women without
male relative: Taliban,”
Al Jazeera, December 26, 2021.
[1]Patricia Grossman, “Afghan women’s rights
activists forcibly disappeared,” Human Rights Watch, January 24, 2022; Sudarsan Raghavan, “Faced with
disappearances, beatings and intimidation, Afghanistan’s women’s rights
activists go quiet on the streets,” Washington Post, February 8, 2022.
[1]Kate Clark, “Who gets to go to school? (1): What people
told us about education since the Taleban
took over,”
Afghanistan Analysts Network, January 26, 2022.
[1]“Girls to
return to secondary school
‘soon as possible’: Taliban,” Al Jazeera, September 21, 2021.
[1]Courntey Kube et al., “First flight of American
evacuees in months leaves Kabul airport for Qatar,” NBC News, January 27, 2022.
[1]See CRS In Focus IF12039,
Afghanistan: Humanitarian Crisis, Economic Collapse,
and U.S. Sanctions.
[1]“Get the facts: What’s happening now in
Afghanistan,” United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), January
18, 2022.
[1]“Afghanistan
Food Security Update,”
World Food Program,
December 8, 2021.
[1]“Half of Afghanistan’s children under five
expected to suffer from acute malnutrition as hunger takes root for millions,” UNICEF Afghanistan, October 5, 2021.
[1]Roxanna Shapour, “Realpolitik and the 2021
National Budget: The toxic struggle for money and power that undermined Afghanistan’s republic,” Afghanistan Analysts Network, December 21, 2021.
[1]“Afghanistan:
Socio-Economic Outlook 2021-2022,” UNDP Afghanistan, November
30, 2021.
[1]See interview at https://twitter.com/nrc_norway/status/1486778209387565058.
[1]See Treasury Department Fact Sheet, December
22, 2021, at https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/126/afg_factsheet_20211222_nu.pdf.
[1]Jonathan Landay, “U.N. chief: Liquidity needed
to stem Afghanistan economic, humanitarian crises,” Reuters, October 11, 2021; U.S. Department of State, “Secretary Antony J. Blinken
at a Press Availability,” December
21, 2021.
[1]David Ignatius, “How the U.S. is helping vulnerable
Afghans without recognizing the Taliban,” Washington
Post, January 18, 2022.
[1]For more, see CRS In Focus IF10604, Terrorist Groups in Afghanistan, by Clayton
Thomas.
[1]White House, Remarks by President Trump on the Strategy in Afghanistan and South
Asia, August 21, 2017. Some Pakistani
officials disputed that charge and noted the Taliban’s increased territorial
control within Afghanistan itself. Author interviews with Pakistani military
officials, Rawalpindi, Pakistan,
February 21, 2018.
[1]“Mullah Baradar released by Pakistan at the
behest of US: Khalilzad,” The Hindu,
February 9, 2019. Baradar had been imprisoned in Pakistan since his capture
in Karachi in a joint
U.S.-Pakistani operation in 2010. Baqir Sajjad
Syed, “Pentagon chief praises
Pakistan’s role in Afghan peace process,” Dawn,
March 23, 2021.
[1]Ishaan Tharoor, “Pakistan’s hand in the
Taliban’s victory,” Washington Post,
August 18, 2021; Husain Haqqani, “Pakistan’s Pyrrhic Victory in Afghanistan,” Foreign Affairs, July 22, 2021.
[1]“Pakistani Taliban ends ceasefire, future of
peace talks uncertain,” Al Jazeera,
December 10, 2021; Abdul Sayed, “The Evolution and Future of Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,
December 21, 2021
[1]Aftab Khan, “PIA prepared to run regular
flights to Kabul:
CEO,” Express Tribune, November
13, 2021.
[1]Pakistan, the United Nations, and others
recognize the 1893 Durand Line as an international boundary, but successive Afghan governments, including
the Taliban, have not. See Vinay Kaura, “The Durand
Line: A British Legacy Plaguing
Afghan-Pakistani Relations,” Middle East Institute, June 27, 2017.
[1]Asfandyar Mir et al., “Afghanistan-Pakistan Border Dispute Heats Up,” U.S. Institute of Peace, January
12, 2022.
[1]Bruce Pannier, “For the
Turkmen and Uzbek leaders, a meeting of minds on Afghanistan,” RFE/RL,
October 9, 2021; Orkhan Jalilov, “Turkmen, Afghan Officials Discuss Energy
and Transport Projects,” Caspian News,
January 18, 2022.
[1]See, for example,
H.R. 5404 and S. 2826.
[1]Matthew Funaiole and Brian Hart, “Afghanistan
Is No Treasure Trove for China,” Foreign
Policy, September 28, 2021.
[1]Atal Ahmadzai,
“Why China Is Slow-Rolling Taliban Cooperation,” Foreign Policy, January
27, 2022.
[1]Representative Andy Kim, “Congressman Kim Statement
on Announcement of U.S. Troop Withdrawal from
Afghanistan,” April 13, 2021; Senator
Ed Markey (@SenMarkey),
Twitter, April 13, 2021, 1:29PM.
[1]Senator Jim Inhofe
(@JimInhofe), Twitter, April 13, 2021, 1:26PM.
[1]Barbara Sprunt, “There’s a bipartisan backlash
to how Biden handled the withdrawal from Afghanistan,” NPR, August 17, 2021.
[1]Letter available at
https://crow.house.gov/media/press-releases/representatives-crow-malinowski-meijer-press- president-biden-release.
[1]See, for example, CRS Report R43838, Renewed Great Power Competition:
Implications for Defense—Issues for Congress, by Ronald O'Rourke.
[1]See for example “Remarks by President Biden on
the Way Forward in Afghanistan,” White House, April 14, 2021; “Remarks by President Biden on the End of
the War in Afghanistan,” White House, August 31, 2021; Department Press Briefing
– January 24, 2022, U.S.
Department of State.
[1]Flat
Buyers Association Winter Hills-77, Gurgaon vs Umang Realtech Private Limited
through IRP & Ors [CA(AT)(Insolvency) No. 926 of 2019
[1] India: Orders Under Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code
W.R.T. Corporate Persons, Manoj K Singh, Daizy Chawla, 25th March
2020, https://www.mondaq.com/india/insolvencybankruptcy/905776/orders-under-insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code-wrt-corporate-persons
[1] Committee of Creditors of Essar Steel India Limited Through Authorised Signatory v Satish Kumar Gupta and ors, Civil appeal No. 6409, 2019
[1] Pioneer Urban Land and Infrastructure Limited & Anr. V Union of India & Ors, W.P 43 of 2019.
[1]supra n 3
[1]Reverse Corporate Insolvency Resolution Procedure [Reverse
CIRP]: A Novel Experiment Conducted By The NCLAT, Nikunj Mehta, April 8 2020, https://libertatem.in/articles/reverse-corporate-insolvency-resolution-procedure-or-reverse-cirp/
[1]supra n 4
[1] supra n 6
[1] Supra n 6
[1] supra n 6
[1]
Citation 2
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IJLRA
N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE
N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)