INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

TRANSFORMATIVE EVOLUTION: A DEEP DIVE INTO THE COMPANIES ACTS JOURNEY IN INDIA OVER THE LAST DECADE BY - CS SIMRANJEET KAUR

Authors: CS SIMRANJEET KAUR

Registration ID: 108816 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8816

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: simranjeetkaur1947@gmail.com

Page No : 18 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-91354631/TRANSFORMATIVE EVOLUTION: A DEEP DIVE INTO THE COM

SEDITION AND COMEDY BY - BHAVINI KODAVANTI

Authors: BHAVINI KODAVANTI

Registration ID: 108815 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8815

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: bhavinikodavanti25@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-97423828/SEDITION AND COMEDY

THE CACOPHONY OF DATA - TRANSPARENCY VIS - A - VIS PROTECTION BY - PRIYADARSHINI BANDYOPADHYAY

Authors: PRIYADARSHINI BANDYOPADHYAY

Registration ID: 108814 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8814

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: barshabanerjee2@gmail.com

Page No : 18 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-69957659/THE CACOPHONY OF DATA - TRANSPARENCY VIS - A - VIS

THE BURDEN OF OVERTIME WORKLOAD: A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD FOR EMPLOYEE LIVES BY - S. IRFANA RUHAIYA

Authors: S. IRFANA RUHAIYA

Registration ID: 108813 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8813

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: irfanaruhaiya@gmail.com

Page No : 19 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-69142162/THE BURDEN OF OVERTIME WORKLOAD: A DOUBLE-EDGED SW

JUSTICE UNDER SIEGE: HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE SHADOW OF POLICE TORTURE IN INDIA BY - DIVYA.M

Authors: DIVYA.M

Registration ID: 108812 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8812

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: divyamurugesan555@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-28744873/JUSTICE UNDER SIEGE: HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE SHADOW OF

THE INTERSECTION OF GENDER AND REFUGEES: ADDRESSING THE UNIQUE CHALLENGES FACED BY FEMALE REFUGEES. BY - DHINESH KUMAR P & SUMETHA M

Authors: DHINESH KUMAR P & SUMETHA M

Registration ID: 108810 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8810 & IJLRA8811

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: dhineshpugal18@gmail.com & sumethamaruthachalam@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-75257962/THE INTERSECTION OF GENDER AND REFUGEES: ADDRESSIN

MEDICIAL EXAMINATION OF RAPE VICTIMS IN INDIA BY: SNEHA MUKHERJEE

Authors: SNEHA MUKHERJEE

Registration ID: 108809 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8809

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: sunita.mukherjee2015@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-29386185/MEDICIAL EXAMINATION OF RAPE VICTIMS IN INDIA

IPR: INTRODUCING STUDENT - IP NEXUS FOR LIMITLESS INNOVATION. BY - MS. ANJALI RAM & MR. ANURAG DAS

Authors: MS. ANJALI RAM & MR. ANURAG DAS

Registration ID: 108805 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8807 & IJLRA8808

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: anjaliram613@gmail.com & anuragdas0219@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-95513647/IPR: INTRODUCING STUDENT - IP NEXUS FOR LIMITLESS

ANTI-COMPETITIVE PRACTICES OF E-COMMERCE GIANTS: THE IMPACT OF AMAZON AND FLIPKART ON MARKET COMPETITION AND SME RETAILERS BY: SURESH

Authors: SURESH

Registration ID: 108806 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8806

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: suresh@law.christuniversity.in

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-11621136/ANTI-COMPETITIVE PRACTICES OF E-COMMERCE GIANTS: T

COMMENT: IN RE: DIRECTIONS IN THE MATTER OF DEMOLITION OF STRUCTURES BY - JARIN JOSEPH

Authors: JARIN JOSEPH

Registration ID: 108805 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8805

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: advjarin569@gmail.com

Page No : 08 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-61535595/COMMENT: IN RE: DIRECTIONS IN THE MATTER OF DEMOLI

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

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[1] D.S Mahajani, Monica Ahir, “Corporate Governance: From shareholders activism to class action”, Chartered Secretary, Vol. 46, No. 04, April 2016, pp. 29

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[6] Rule 4 of Companies (Appointment and Qualification of Directors) Rules, 2014

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[8] Regulation 17, SEBI (Listing Obligation and Disclosure Requirement) Regulations, 2015.

[9] Rule 4 of Companies (Appointment and Qualification of Directors) Rules, 2014

[10] Regulation 18, SEBI (Listing Obligation and Disclosure Requirement) Regulations, 2015.

[12] N. Narayanan v. SEBI, 2013 SCC Online SC 396, available at, http://www.scconline.com/ DocumentLink/xyu0H01g

[13]Dale & Carrington Invt. (P) Ltd. v. P.K Prathapan, (2005) 1 SCC 212, available at, http://www.scc online. com/ DocumentLink/n20Kq1BH

[14] Dhruva Sareen, Shreya Mathur, “SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosures Requirements) Regulations, 2015- An Critique”, [2015] 129 CLA (Mag.) 74, available at, http://www.claonline.in/UserAdmin/DisplayArticle.aspx?ID=MjMwNg== (last accessed 15 Feb, 2018).

[15] Tanushree Dave, “Regulation 30 of LODR Regulations, 2015: Continuous Disclosure Requirements for Listed Entities”, Chartered Secretary, Vol. 46, No. 10, October, 2016, pp. 1-160, at p.71.

[16] SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015, Reg. 30

[17] Benjamin Fung, “The Demand and Need for Transparency and Disclosure in Corporate Governance”, Universal Journal of Management, available at, http://www.hrpub.Org /download/20140105/UJM3-12101630.pdf (last accessed 16 Jan, 2018).

[18] D.S Mahajani, Monica Ahir, “ Corporate Governance: From shareholders activism to class action?” Chartered Secretary, Vol.46, No. 04, pp. 1-148, at p. 30

[1] Carissa Véliz, What Socrates Can Teach Us About AI, https://time.com/6299631/what-socrates-can-teach-us- about-ai/, published on: August 1, 2023. (14 September, 2024).

[2] jbseamless71, Socrates, Phaedrus, and the Age of AI: The Paradox of Intelligence, https://medium.com/@ballardjasona/socrates-phaedrus-and-the-age-of-ai-the-paradox-of- intelligence-421059497a77, published on: 27th July 2024, (14th September 2024).

[3] (Dr.) Murphy Joseph, The Power of Subconscious mind, Embassy Books, Reprinted 2012, P-38.

[4] Bombal David, You need to learn AI in 2024! (And here is your roadmap),

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[5] Henrik Kniberg, Generative AI in a Nutshell - how to survive and thrive in the age of AI, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IK3DFHRFfw&t=18s, published on: Jan 20, 2024.

[6] IBM Technology (2022), Neural Networks explained in 5 minutes, https://youtu.be/jmmW0F0biz0?si=gSttPzw8EzqZ1oJI, 24th May 2022.

[7] Exponent, APIs Explained (in 4 Minutes), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxuYDT-BWaI, published on: May 22, 2023.

[8] Bombal David, You need to learn AI in 2024! (And here is your roadmap),

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1TqLcz_ug0&t=371s, Jan 07, 2024, (15th September 2024).

[9] Open Data Institute, the role of data in Artificial Intelligence,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oyhdkoPYRVs, published on: April 4 2018.

[10] Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) & Anr. vs. Union of India & Ors, (2017) 10 SCC 1, AIR 2017 SC 4161.

[11] Pradyuman Bisht v. Union of India, (2017) SC 1709.

[12] State v. Loomis, 881 N.W.2d 749 (Wis. 2016).

[13] Accenture, Why data transparency is a competitive advantage?, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t- pAO3qPwxs, published on: October 25, 2023.

[14] Accenture, Why data transparency is a competitive advantage?, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t- pAO3qPwxs, published on: October 25, 2023..

[15] Tim Cook on Privacy, Apple, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OaLxTz1Yw7M&t=58s, published on Jan 28th 2021.

[16] The Real Reason Companies Have Become Obsessed With Your Data, How money works, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFg_JD79OKs, published on: May 27th 2023.

[17] Sanaz Namdar and Ryan Fuller, A Look into Microsoft’s Data-Driven Approach to Improving Sales, https://hbr.org/2018/12/a-look-into-microsofts-data-driven-approach-to-improving-sales, published on Dec 17, 2018.

[20] Third-party access refers to the process of an organization granting external vendors and service providers secure access to corporate IT assets for maintenance, administration and management purposes. Many organizations rely on third-party vendors and managed service providers to support their internal IT systems, applications and infrastructure. Outside vendors and service organizations often require privileged access to on-premises and cloud-based IT systems and business applications to perform routine support and administrative functions.

[21] Data mining is the use of machine learning and statistical analysis to uncover patterns and other valuable information from large data sets; The data mining techniques that underpin data analyses can be deployed for two main purposes. They can either describe the target data set or they can predict outcomes by using machine learning algorithms; These methods are used to organize and filter data, surfacing the most useful information, from fraud to user behaviours, bottlenecks and even security breaches.

[22] This is how your Data is sold | Apps that don't collect your Data | Data Protection, DW shift, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hhyzx-rRBps, published on : Aug 06th 2019.

[23] The Real Reason Companies Have Become Obsessed With Your Data, How money works, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFg_JD79OKs, published on: May 27th 2023.

[24] Ashley Belanger, Authors risk losing copyright if AI content is not disclosed, US guidance says, https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2023/03/us-issues-guidance-on-copyrighting-ai-assisted-artwork/, published on 17th March 2023.

[25] When “AI technology receives solely a prompt from a human and produces complex written, visual, or musical works in response, the ‘traditional elements of authorship’ are determined and executed by the technology—not the human user,” the guidance explains. “Based on the Office’s understanding of the

generative AI technologies currently available, users do not exercise ultimate creative control over how such systems interpret prompts and generate material.”

[26] Ashley Belanger, Authors risk losing copyright if AI content is not disclosed, US guidance says, https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2023/03/us-issues-guidance-on-copyrighting-ai-assisted-artwork/, published on 17th March 2023.

[27] Benj Edwards, Microsoft offers legal protection for AI copyright infringement challenges, "Some customers are concerned about the risk of IP infringement claims," says Microsoft, https://arstechnica.com/information- technology/2023/09/microsoft-offers-legal-protection-for-ai-copyright-infringement-challenges/, published on 9th Sept 2023.

[28] Tim Cook on Privacy, Apple, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OaLxTz1Yw7M&t=58s, published on Jan 28th 2021.

[29] What are the 7 principles of GDPR?, Privacy Kitchen, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NcHSD3fWJiQ, published on : Sept 23, 2021.

[13] Rule 84 of the Tamil Nadu Factories Rules, 1950

[14] Section 61(1) and 61(4) of the Factories Act,1948

[17] The Karnataka Shops and Commercial Establishment Act, 1961

[18] The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (OSHW&C) Code, 2020, under Section 33(a)(ii)

[20] ILO Convention No.1 (Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, 1919)

[21] International Labor Organization (ILO) to regulate the working hours of industrial workers

[22] ILO Convention No. 29: Forced Labor Convention (1930)

[23] ILO Convention No. 30: Hours of Work (Commerce and Offices) Convention (1930)

[24] ILO Convention No. 155: Occupational Safety and Health Convention, (1981)

[25] ILO Convention No. 155: Occupational Safety and Health Convention, (1981)

[26] ILO Convention No. 190: Violence and Harassment Convention, 2019

[27] ILO conventions and recommendations to guide national labor laws and workplace

[28] Barangay Jute Factory v. Its Workmen AIR (1960) SC 862

[29] Automobile Products of Indian Ltd. V. The Workmen AIR (1960) SC 745

[30] State of Gujarat v SSRI N.M. Dessi AIR (1964) SC 806

[31] Delhi Transport Corporation v. D.T.C. Tandoor Congress AIR (1991) LLR 484

[33] judicial pronouncements have reinforced that the right to overtime pay is a fundamental right

[1] Talal Asad, The Anthropology of the Body and the Medical Anthropology of 'Torture' (New York: Random House, 1987), 323.

[4] Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Article 5.

[5] Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Article 1 (1984).

[6] Article 21, Indian Constitution – Right to life and personal liberty.

[7] Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Article 5.

[8] Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Article 1 (1984).

[9] Salus populi est suprema lex – The welfare of the people is the supreme law.

[10] D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal, AIR 1997 SC 610.

[11] Nilabati Behera v. State of Orissa, AIR 1993 SC 1960.

[12] Raghubir Singh v. State of Haryana, AIR 1980 SC 1087

[13] Code of Hammurabi, circa 1754 BCE, Article 8.

[14] Roman Legal Procedures, Torture as a means of obtaining testimony.

[15] The Inquisition, methods of torture used during the medieval period.

[16] Cesare Beccaria, On Crimes and Punishments, 1764.

[17] Eighth Amendment, United States Constitution, 1791.

[18] Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), Article 5, 1948.

[19] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966.

[20] Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT), Article 1, 1984.

[21] War on Terror, resurgence of state-sponsored torture after 2001.

[23] D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal, AIR 1997 SC 610.

[25] Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT), Article 2(2).

[26] Amnesty International, "Torture in India," 2022.

[27] Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, Chapter 12.

[28] Raghubir Singh v. State of Haryana, AIR 1980 SC 1087.

[29] Human Rights Watch, Broken System: Torture in Custody, 2021.

[30] Smt. Shakila Abdul Gafar Khan v. Vasant Raghunath Dhoble, AIR 2003 SC 4567.

[31] A.S. Anand, VIIIth International Symposium on Torture, (1999), SCC (Journal) p. 11.

[32] Transparency International, "Corruption and Custodial Practices in India," 2020.

[33] People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) v. Union of India, AIR 1997 SC 568

[35] National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), Crime in India Report, 2022

[36] Indian Penal Code, 1860, Sections 330 and 331

[37] Criminal Procedure Code, Sections 46, 50, 57.

[38] Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, Section 88.

[39] Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, Section 88.

[40] Article 21, Indian Constitution – Right to life and personal liberty.

[41] Article 22, Indian Constitution – Protection against arrest and detention.

[42] Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 5, 1948.

[43] Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Article 1 (1984).

[44] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 7 (1966).

[48] J.S. Verma, "Judicial Activism and its Impact on Criminal Justice System," Speech delivered on 26th April, 1997 at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy, Hyderabad, in New Dimensions of Justice, p. 85-86 (2000 Edn., Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., Delhi).

[49] National Crimes Record Bureau (NCRB) Annual Report, 2018.

[50] National Crimes Records Bureau (NCRB), Annual Report 2019

[51] NITI Aayog, India's Criminal Justice System Report, 2020

[53] Criminal Procedure Code, Sections 46, 50, 57.

[54] Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023.

[55] Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Article 5.

[56] Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Article 1 (1984).

[57] Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE), 1984, United Kingdom.

[59] The Torture Victim Protection Act, 1991, United States.

[61] Independent Police Complaints Commission, Germany.

[1] Kaur S. An analysis of lacking security and increasing rape crime in India. Int Res J Soc Sci 3 1. 2014;1– 7.

[2] Violence against women in India a review of trends, patterns and responses. International centre for research on women; 2014 Apr p. 14

[3] Ms Shivangi Vyas, Mr. Shubham Kejriwal, CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELEVANCY OF THE MEDICAL AND FORENSIC EVIDENCES IN THE RAPE CASES, Bharati Law Review, 222, 222- 224(2016).

[4] Lalchand Verma, Harshvardhan Tiwari, Pramod Tiwari, Reicha Joshi, Medicial Examination of Sexual Assault Cases and Related Law, 6 Int J Eth Trauma Victimology 22, 22-24(2020)

[5] The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 164A, No. 2, Acts of Parliament, 1974 (India).

[7] The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, § 184.

[9] The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, § 184

[10] National Human Rights Commission, Manual on Human Rights for Police Officers, available at https://nhrc.nic.in/sites/default/files/Manual_On_Human_Rights_for_Police_Officers.pdf.

[11] Mukesh and anr Vs State for Nct of Delhi and ors , AIR 2017 SUPREME COURT 2161

[12] Medical Examination of Rape Victims, Iblog Pleaders(December 19, 2018), available at: https://blog.ipleaders.in/medical-examination-of-rape-victim/

[13] Megha Bindal, Importance Of Medical Examination Of Rape Victims: From The Perspective Of CrPC, LawyersClubIndia(September 4, 2021), available at: https://www.lawyersclubindia.com/articles/importance-of-medical-examination-of-rape-victims-from- the-perspective-of-crpc-14314.asp

[14] Lillu alias Rajesh & Anr. v. State of Haryana, (2013) 14 SCC 643.

[15] Selvi v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2010 SUPREME COURT 1974

[16] State of Punjab v. Gurmit Singh, AIR 1996 SC 1393

[18] Tukaram v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1979 SC 185

[19] Mukesh and anr Vs State for Nct of Delhi and ors , AIR 2017 SUPREME COURT 2161

[20] Lillu alias Rajesh & Anr. v. State of Haryana, (2013) 14 SCC 643.

[21] U.S. Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women, A National Protocol for Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations: Adults/Adolescents (2nd ed. 2013).

[22] Home Office, UK Government, "The Role of Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs)," available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-role-of-sexual-assault-referral-centres-sarcs

[23] Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, "Family Violence in Canada: A Statistical Profile," available at https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/pub/85-002-x/2020001/article/00001-eng.pdf.

[24] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, "Telehealth: Use and Benefits," available at https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/telehealth.

[25] ALLEGED RAPE AND MURDER INCIDENT OF A TRAINEE DOCTOR IN RG KAR MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, KOLKATA AND RELATED ISSUES, 9th September 2024, available at :

https://indiankanoon.org/doc/35943141/

[26] John Doe, Advances in Forensic DNA Analysis, 45 J. Forensic Sci. 123 (2020).

[27] Jane Smith, Psychological Impact of Sexual Violence, 12 Psychol. Trauma 456 (2019).

[28] Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, National Guidelines for Examination of Sexual Assault Victims (2014).

[30] Richard Roe, The Role of Medical Experts in Court, 67 Med. & L. Rev. 789 (2021).

[31] Emily Brown, Challenges in Forensic Evidence Collection, 34 Crim. Just. Rev. 234 (2018).

[33] Michael Green, Training Medical Professionals for Sexual Assault Cases, 23 Health Educ. J. 345

[37] Pratap Misra And Ors. vs State Of Orissa, AIR 1977 SC 1307.

[38] Taylor, Principles and Practice of Medical Jurisprudence, Vol. II, at 64.

[39] Manual on Human Rights for Police Officers, National Human Rights Commission, India, 2011.

[40] Vageshwari Deswal, “Rights of Rape Victims in India: A Legal Analysis,” University of Delhi, LL.M. Syllabus.

[1] Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, ‘Annual Report 2021-2022’ Ministry of Commerce and Industry <https://ipindia.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/Final_Annual_Report_Eng_for_Net.pdf> accessed 29 October 2009

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[7] Dipak Rao, Sonil Singhania and Sana Singh,‘Indian Copyright Laws’, (2020) Lexology, <https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e963324a-4b62-49ab-bd90-aeddb1aee2b0>accessed Jul 31 2022

[8] Understanding Industrial Property (2nd edn, World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 2016) <https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_895_2016.pdf> accessed Jul 31, 2022

[9] Summary of the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO Convention) (1967), WIPO, <https://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/convention/summary_wipo_convention.html> accessed Jul 31, 2023

[10] Department of industrial Policy and Promotion, National IPR Policy, Ministry of Commerce and Industry (12 May 2016) <https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/National_IPR_Policy.pdf> accessed on 23 October 2023

[11] WIPO Magazine, ‘IP & Business: Intellectual Property, Innovation and New Product Development’ (2005) <https://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2005/04/article_0002.html> accessed July 7 2023

[12] Dr Carolina Vásquez-Arango, ‘Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity Through a Higher Protection of Geographical Indication : A Review of Colombia’s Position at the WTO’ (2014), Volume 5, WIPO-WTO Colloquium Papers <https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/colloquium_papers_e/2014/chapter_5_2014_e.pdf> accessed 13 August 2023

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^{^[11]} Guidelines on Abuse of Dominance, Competition Commission of India (2019)

^{^[13]} Regulation (EU) 2022/1925, on Contestable and Fair Markets in the Digital Sector (Digital Markets Act).

^{^[14]} Empirical data collected through surveys with 200 SMEs and retailers (2023).

^{^[15]} Maharashtra State Power Generation Co. Ltd. v. Coal India Ltd. & Ors., Case No. 3/2012 (CCI).

^{^[16]} Draft E-commerce Rules, 2021, Ministry of Consumer Affairs.

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^{^[23]} Maharashtra State Power Generation Co. Ltd. v. Coal India Ltd. & Ors., Case No. 3/2012 (CCI).

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^{^[28]} Guidelines on Abuse of Dominance, Competition Commission of India (2019).

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^{^[35]} OECD, E-commerce Challenges and Policy Considerations for Competition Regulators (2020).

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^{^[39]} Statista, Impact of Cashback Offers on Consumer Behavior in E-commerce (2022).

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^{^[45]} Draft E-commerce Rules, 2021, Ministry of Consumer Affairs.

^{^[46]} The Competition Act, No. 12 of 2003, INDIA CODE (2003).

^{^[47]} Maharashtra State Power Generation Co. Ltd. v. Coal India Ltd. & Ors., Case No. 3/2012 (CCI).

^{^[48]}Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT), Recommendations to Promote Fair Competition in E-commerce (2023).

^{^[49]} Guidelines on Abuse of Dominance, Competition Commission of India (2019)

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^{^[52]} Statista, Analysis of Exclusive Product Launches in E-commerce (2023).

^{^[53]} Maharashtra State Power Generation Co. Ltd. v. Coal India Ltd. & Ors., Case No. 3/2012 (CCI).

^{^[54]} Guidelines on Abuse of Dominance, Competition Commission of India (2019).

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^{^[56]} UNCTAD, E-commerce Logistics and Distribution in Developing Economies (2022).

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^{^[58]} Alliance Bernstein, E-commerce in India: Market Dynamics and Competitive Strategies (2021).

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^{^[60]}Sharma, Ramesh. “The Role of E-commerce in Marginalizing Indian SMEs.” Journal of Small Business Studies, vol. 12, no. 3, 2022.

^{^[61]}European Commission v. Google (Android Case), Case AT.40099 (2018).

^{^[62]} Delhi Vyapar Mahasangh v. Flipkart Internet Private Limited & Amazon Seller Services Private Limited, Case No. 40 of 2019 (CCI).

^{^[63]}Draft Digital Competition Bill, 2024, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, India.

^{^[64]}UNCTAD, Growing the Digital Economy for SMEs: A Policy Guide (2022).

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^{^[69]} Consumer Protection Act, No. 35 of 2019, INDIA CODE (2019)

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^{^[71]} Statista, Analysis of Penalties and Operational Hazards for E-commerce Sellers (2023).

^{^[72]} Maharashtra State Power Generation Co. Ltd. v. Coal India Ltd. & Ors., Case No. 3/2012 (CCI).

^{^[73]} Guidelines on Abuse of Dominance, Competition Commission of India (2019).

^{^[74]} Draft Digital Competition Bill, 2024, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, India.

^{^[75]} Draft E-commerce Rules, 2021, Ministry of Consumer Affairs.

^{^[76]} UNCTAD, Growing the Digital Economy for SMEs: A Policy Guide (2022).

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^{^[80]} OECD, E-commerce and FMCG: Competitive Strategies in Emerging Markets (2021).

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^{^[82]} Alliance Bernstein, E-commerce and Changing Consumer Behavior in India (2021).

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^{^[84]} Statista, Consumer Wallet Share Analysis in E-commerce and Fast Commerce (2023).

^{^[85]} Competition Commission of India (CCI), Urban Retail Dynamics and the Rise of E-commerce (2023).

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^{^[89]} Sharma, Ramesh. “The Economics of Quick Commerce: Opportunities and Risks.” Indian Journal of Retail Studies, vol. 8, no. 2, 2023.

^{^[90]} Draft Digital Competition Bill, 2024, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, India.

^{^[91]} UNCTAD, Growing the Digital Economy for SMEs: A Policy Guide (2022).

^{^[92]} Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT), Recommendations for Sustainable Growth in Retail Markets (2023).

^{^[93]} The Competition Act, No. 12 of 2003, INDIA CODE (2003).

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^{^[99]} The Information Technology Act, No. 21 of 2000, INDIA CODE (2000).

^{^[100]} Draft E-commerce Rules, 2021, Ministry of Consumer Affairs.

^{^[101]} Regulation (EU) 2022/1925, on Contestable and Fair Markets in the Digital Sector (Digital Markets Act).

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^{^[104]} Alliance Bernstein, E-commerce in India: Market Dynamics and Competitive Strategies (2021).

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^{^[106]} UNCTAD, Growing the Digital Economy for SMEs: A Policy Guide (2022).

^{^[107]} Guidelines on Abuse of Dominance, Competition Commission of India (2019).

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^{^[109]} Draft E-commerce Rules, 2021, Ministry of Consumer Affairs.

^{^[110]} UNCTAD, Growing the Digital Economy for SMEs: A Policy Guide (2022).

^{^[111]} NASSCOM, Digital Empowerment of SMEs in E-commerce Platforms (2023).

^{^[112]} OECD, E-commerce Competition Challenges and Policy Recommendations (2020).

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IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

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