The Consortium Of Artificial Intelligence In Legal System By - R.A.Aswin Krishna

The Consortium Of Artificial Intelligence In Legal System
 
Authored By - R.A.Aswin Krishna
 
Abstract
The Legal field has digitalized rather than following the traditional method of the Judicial system. The conventional approach in Indian Judiciary fails to functionalize justice processing and follow-ups to create pending judgements due to various grounds such as Human Error, Corruption, Inadequate Evidence, etc. According to the National Judicial Data Grid Annual Report, 4.4 Crore pending cases since 2010 in India. Due to Covid-19 Pandemic and National-wide Lockdown, digital courtrooms failed to perform effectively due to digital limitations. The legal fraternity can be developed by converting the Covid-19 Situation into a positive opportunity. The Involvement of Artificial intelligence and AI-Powered programs in the Judiciary can perform effectively with accurate functioning like a traditional judiciary system and ease the workload of Judiciary Administrators. Further Addition of the Proctor Service can determine the Functioning of an Artificial Intelligence-powered Judicial System.
This paper will discuss the Association of Artificial Intelligence in the Judiciary and the digitalization of the Indian Legal System. To Concrete the feature, we will focus on possible Artificial Intelligence Programs, the involvement of Artificial Intelligence devices, and other alternatives to Support the digital legal system.     
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Digitalization, Digital Legal System, AI Judiciary, Judicial processing.
 
1.               INTRODUCTION
Remarkable rapid technological advancement is taking place, and there is no denying that many people are unsure whether artificial intelligence will allow computers to replace human talents. Artificial intelligence has significantly changed the legal sector and made it more consumer focused. The changes are numerous when software solutions replace paperwork, documentation, and data management, done mainly by lawyers. According to Merriam Webster’s dictionary, “Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent behaviour in computers”[1]. Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used by judicial systems all over the world to analyse vast amounts of legal data in order to support judges with predictions on subjects like severity of punishment and recidivism rates, assist lawyers in finding precedents in case law, and enable administrations in streamlining judicial processes. Except administrative functions that depend on human input and judgment, technology has the potential to replace everything else. However, artificial intelligence has advanced to such a point in the legal industry in nations like the United States and the United Kingdom that it is now being used to assist judges in making decisions[2].
 
Assuming that there may be an employment crisis in the legal industry in the upcoming years, this could be a weird advancement in the Indian setting. The Indian Judicial System should add more judges to each state's bench till the backlog of cases is reduced. The Indian Judicial System uses artificial intelligence extensively because it is user-friendly and efficient, especially for young people. A lawyer must effectively manage his time to avoid missing important deadlines and finish the assignment on time or early. It takes a lot of time for lawyers to carefully review numerous documents and look for mistakes in a contract. Artificial intelligence can be used to reduce the amount of time spent on such tiresome chores[3]. Legal professionals can save time and concentrate on other vital tasks by using artificial intelligence (AI) that is assisted by natural data processing to quickly review and correct errors in a huge number of documents and contracts. Artificial intelligence produces work that is impeccably precise.
 
2.               LEGALITY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The AI Task Force Report, which looked at the application of artificial intelligence and was coordinated by Tata Sons Chairman N. Chandrasekaran, was the first step towards India's artificial intelligence framework. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry established it to employ AI for financial gains, provide strategic recommendations for sending AI to India, and assess its viability in India. The Task Force's Report, published on March 21 and analyses how AI would benefit India is the result of the combined expertise of people from several divisions. The Task Force suggests steps for establishing a moral AI structure, like making AI logical, transparent, and auditable for predispositions. The Report implies that a new standard for AI setup is required, given the current human and AI partnership development[4].
 
2.1               SCRUTINY OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY
Properly handling of information and ensuring its preservation and security are of utmost importance because information is one of the critical components driving AI systems. The objective of #AIforAll includes responsible AI as one of its core components, which includes guaranteeing proper privacy and data protection and balancing moral considerations with the need for progress. Each AI interface relies entirely on the data integrated into its framework. AI frameworks rely on a mechanical examination of user data over time, in contrast to other software where human guidance produces results. In light of the Supreme Court of India's landmark ruling in the case of K.S. Puttaswamy and Anr. v. Union of India and Ors[5], wherein the right to privacy was held to be a fundamental right enshrined by the Constitution of India, the development of informational privacy and data protection has become increasingly prominent. In light of this development, the Government of India established a committee to look into data protection issues and write a comprehensive data protection framework that is innovation-agnostic and addresses prominent issues, such as the expanding use of AI in India.
 
It is challenging to determine an appropriate legal response because AI development is still in its early stages. n developing a robust regulatory framework for AI, there are two streams of opinion. On the one hand, it is assumed that ex-ante static management through conventional direction tools, such as item permission, innovation, improvement monitoring, and tortious risk for Artificial Intelligence, would not be able to manage a rapidly expanding technology like Artificial Intelligence. Additionally, it is believed that creating the foundations of a dynamic administrative structure. At the same time, innovation is still heavily dependent on people who will answer concerns about wellness, morality, and accountability and not represent a severe threat to the invention and growth of Artificial Intelligence.
 
Effective administrative approaches to AI will accelerate the tackling of AI while simultaneously ensuring the protection of citizens' rights to privacy and liability. Without an administrative or legal framework that addresses risk, information assurance, security, and mechanical and security measures, artificial intelligence is being used. India needs a strict framework to govern AI in order to safeguard personal information, address liability concerns, and uphold privacy and safety norms.
 
2.2.      REGULATORY PROVISIONS FOR AI IN OTHER COUNTRIES
Global Leaders and Governments keeping an eye on the adoption of AI and cognitive technologies, which are not exhibiting any indications of slowing down. Regulators and lawmakers worldwide have made it apparent in recent times that new legislation will soon influence how businesses employ artificial intelligence. This is a grey area that can be challenging to navigate and stay up with because new legislation and ideas are continuously being developed, and almost all of them are still in the early stages.
 
·         Brazil: Early in October 2021, the Brazilian Congress effectively enacted a measure outlining legal guidelines for artificial intelligence. The bill lays out the guidelines for how artificial intelligence (AI) can be developed and used in the nation with transparency in the public sector. The necessity of "adopting regulatory measures that support innovation" is also emphasized. However, as noted in the bill, there are challenges to the development of AI in Brazil, including a shortage of funding and potential tax costs on businesses. The bill, which emphasizes transparency in the creation of AI, specifies that operating systems should be exposed via an AI agent, who will monitor the operation of the technology's development.
·         EU: The EU Commission proposed new regulations and initiatives in April 2021 to make Europe the centre of the world for reliable artificial intelligence. The first-ever AI legislative framework and a new Coordinated Plan with Member States will uphold people's and enterprises' fundamental rights while promoting AI use, investment, and innovation across the EU. After the European Parliament and the Member States approve these proposals, the Regulations will immediately apply throughout the EU. In parallel, the Commission will keep working with Member States to implement the Coordinated Plan's actions.
 
·         U.S: Regarding rules governing A.I., the U.S. maintains a "light" regulatory posture. A call for information on how banks employ A.I. was published by the five central federal financial authorities in the United States at the end of March 2021, indicating the impending release of new financial sector guidelines. A few weeks later, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) unexpectedly boldly published a set of rules on "truth, fairness, and equity" in A.I., broadly defining unfairness and, by extension, the unlawful use of A.I. These changes have created favorable conditions for the United States to take such laws and regulations into consideration at the federal level.
 
·         UK: The UK government noted in its national policy for artificial intelligence, published in September 2021, that it still needs to enact a broad AI-specific regulatory framework. The nation's legislators have favored a sector-led approach to AI regulation. However, this position might alter after the UK's Office for AI publishes its white paper on legislating and regulating AI in early 2022.
 
3.   ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A TOOL FOR UNEMPLOYMENT, DISCRIMINATION AND BREACH OF PRIVACY
Discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth is prohibited by Article 15 of the Constitution of India. Without human knowledge, AI maintains discrimination. An essential tool in the clinical management of COVID-19, pulse oximeters measure the amount of oxygen in the blood. However, they are less accurate on those with darker skin than on those with a lighter complexion, according to a new study. Adults may be excluded from participating in the design, development, and study of digital advances due to accessibility issues. The ageist notion may also explain the exclusion of elderly adults from technology design and development, that they are incapable of using technology. As a result, older persons and their perspectives are rarely considered when developing artificial intelligence, regulatory frameworks, funding, and support initiatives. We are able to design and construct cars that can sense their surroundings and move safely without or with minimal human intervention because to growing automation and machine learning. These cars can move without a human driver since they are autonomous. Electronic commerce will change significantly as a result of AI.
 
Utilising autonomous drones and cars to send or even transport packages autonomously to customers, as well as robots exploring the area to collect supplies and carry out customer orders. hence decreasing the demand for network stores and salespeople. Doctors can check a patient's health at regular intervals and make the appropriate medical decisions by affixing AI-enabled gadgets to the patient. The right to work and protection against unemployment are guaranteed by Articles 23 of the UDHR[6] and Article 6 of the ICESCR[7]. The rapid development of AI has altered current businesses and people's daily lives by enhancing the effectiveness of equipment and services, but it has also brought about a period of unemployment because it has replaced human work.
 
3.1.      VIOLATION OF FREEDOM AND PRIVACY
Article 19 of the Indian Constitution emphasizes the protection of rights related to liberty. Artificial intelligence monitoring techniques undermine the right to privacy and stifle free speech. Citizens are more likely to refrain from using their fundamental rights, including freedom of speech and expression, if they are constantly being watched. AI-driven digital robots are the new instrument for online harassment of marginalized and dissident voices. The right to free expression is violated by anonymous digital bot accounts pretending to be actual users and sending pre-written comments to well-known accounts or anyone who holds a particular opinion. Political parties have allegedly employed artificial intelligence to create and disseminate fake material about their political rivals in several recent international elections, undermining democratic ideals and calling into question free elections.
 
Without the victims' awareness, Pegasus can be installed on their gadgets. They are vulnerable to being followed, overheard, spied on, and having their data duplicated. The phone numbers of famous Indian politicians, journalists, and other individuals were found on a leaked list of prospective hacking targets, which has brought the Pegasus program back to the public's attention[8]. Of greatest concern is the catastrophic effect that Pegasus spyware has or might have on rights and fundamental freedoms, including the right to dignity, the freedom of assembly, the freedom of religion, and even a person's physical and psychological authenticity.
 
4.   AI INFLUENCE AND ADVANCEMENT TO AID LEGAL PROFESSIONAL
IoT app development companies can benefit from many uses of AI in the legal sector with sufficient research and careful consideration of the legal sector. 
 
·         DUE DILIGENCE: To do due diligence and assemble background information, lawyers use artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Developers have chosen to incorporate several new features, such as agreement review, legal inquiry, and electronic media for this industry sector, in light of the current situation.
 
·         PROGNOSIS TECHNOLOGY: Artificial Intelligence (AI) assists in producing results for judicial inquiries and contract evaluations. This feature of AI programming is advantageous for legal businesses and industries.
 
·         LEGAL MECHANISM: Professionals can gather data from earlier or previous cases using Artificial Intelligence technologies. They can use this information to maintain tabs on the judge's orders and predictions. Shortly, this technology is probably going to gain more significance on a global level.
 
·         INTELLECTUAL POSSESSION: Algorithms show lawyers how to go through enormous IP files and decipher interesting materials.
 
·        DOCUMENTING MECHANISMS: In the legal sector, several software configurations are used to create documents that facilitate gathering data and information. Many documents are helpful in the legal services sector. Therefore, it has many advantages.
 
·         Contract Construction: Software based on artificial intelligence aids firms in the creation of conventional and common legal contracts. Software using artificial intelligence assists in creating templates that can later be customised to meet client needs.
 
·         Patent Application: In order to gain insight from the available content, intellectual property lawyers spend most of their time analyzing the massive amounts of intellectual property. A lengthy and laborious task is filing a patent application. A patent application filing process requires reviewing hundreds of papers—something this software can accomplish more quickly. Artificial intelligence aids in the formatting, preparing, and reviewing the patent application.
 
AI technology has the potential to boost productivity. Artificial intelligence (AI) operates on several algorithms that can speed up the activity of document processing and verification with the help of the machine learning algorithm input given to the app. For several reasons, eliminating manual processes alone is insufficient to incorporate artificial intelligence into the business's infrastructure. Instead, there has been a surge in the need for firms to employ AI due to growing corporate competition. Artificial intelligence allows law firms to work more swiftly while passing on savings to their clients and other associated businesses more promptly. Legal services are more expensive than other firms on the market, and firms cannot automate this procedure[9]. Uncertainty exists over the transition's mechanics, in any case. It is anticipated that law firms with higher budgets will adopt AI technology more gradually and quickly. Compared to more giant corporations, new startup companies and small businesses may be able to start with a productivity-driven approach that is automated and progressive. Numerous industries have undergone significant change thanks to artificial intelligence. In terms of technology, the legal industry in India has seen very little innovation, and modern lawyers are still at ease and relying on approaches and solutions that were developed in the past. The way Indian law is practised and perceived could both be significantly altered by artificial intelligence[10]. Legal research could be one of the areas where artificial intelligence in the legal system most seriously disrupts the system. The vast and ever-evolving Indian legal system allows for lawyers to gain unparalleled insight into the field of law in a matter of seconds by using artificial intelligence.
 
5.   THE EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY ON THE INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM
Nearly all industries are attempting to predict the impact of AI, with some bracing themselves for potential developments that could need reexamining their organizations' discounts. Even the legal industry will experience changes as artificial intelligence technology becomes more widespread. The Indian legal system urgently needs artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence would be essential in reducing the backlog of cases by considering those that are unresolved and unresolved. In order to give legal goals to these cases, especially those pending for more than 10 years and those pending for more than five years, it is essential that the Executive branch and the Hon'ble Judiciary's managerial branch act following some fundamental integrity agreement. The former Chief Justice of India, S.A. Bobde, recently said in an interview that artificial intelligence may be developed for the court system. Only in order to guarantee that justice is administered without unnecessary delay. He also made it clear that AI will not replace judges and discretion. He continued, "We are examining the prospect of adopting the machine learning system, but it is just the repetitive, mathematical, and mechanical elements of the judgments for which support may be obtained from the system."
The Indian legal system has always required a lot of labour. People in India are skeptical of artificial intelligence. To increase the effectiveness and precision of the company's delivery model for legal services, Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas was the first law firm to sign an agreement with Kira System in 2017. As a result of the Supreme Court digitizing its records, more law firms are now using artificial intelligence technologies.
 
There is some info about contemporaneous law offices that would resemble:
 
·         Innovative Approaches to Serving Customers:
 
The way clients are currently treated would alter in the future. Legal industries would examine how they interact with their clients. Artificial intelligence (AI) would alter legal companies' current pricing strategy and adopt a performance-based pricing model for the benefit of their clients:
 
·         A Shift in Emphasis from Revenue to Greater Profitability:
 
While the competition between the legal industries has been escalating quickly, legal companies usually focus on growing income. Future legal industries would focus on maximising profits rather than income.
 
·         Technology Advancement for Growth
 
New legal technology will emerge due to computerization in contract drafting, raising the bar for an attorney. Innovation still needs to be widely used in law firms. Programming for artificial intelligence will increase productivity in law offices. The costs might be decreased while the maximum benefits rose.
 
·         Strong emphasis on brand value
 
Legal firms must put their clients first. Future law firms would prioritize their brand. It would strongly emphasize developing workplace advancements and investing in cutting-edge solutions.
Former Indian Chief Justice SA Bobde had envisioned using artificial intelligence (AI) in the legal system[11]. The Indian judiciary has recently taken some effective measures to incorporate AI into its daily operations. In 2019, the Supreme Court AI community was established. The Supreme Court Portal for Assistance in Courts Efficiency (SUPACE), which uses machine learning to handle vast amounts of case data, was the first AI portal the supreme court ever developed. The Supreme Court Vidhik Anuvaad Software, also known as SUVAS, was introduced to assist in translating legal documents from English to other Indian Vernacular Languages.
 
The Covid-19 epidemic dramatically accelerated the judicial system's digitalization.  Indian Judiciary has moved to electronic filing, and video conferencing was used to conduct court proceedings. Addressing the 13th Asian Criminology Conference (ACC), Gujarat High Court Chief Justice Aravind Kumar asserted that artificial intelligence (AI) and other technology can assist the judicial system in resolving a sizable number of pending cases[12]. The court system's efficiency will undoubtedly be impacted by a large number of pending cases, which will ultimately slow down the process of getting justice. The number of cases that are still waiting in Indian courts is enormous; some of them have been there for almost three decades.
The Indian judiciary could benefit from other technology, given the existing situation. For instance, smart contracts can be marketed as a method of dispute avoidance to reduce the pressure on the legal system.
 
“Online dispute resolution” (ODR) can be used to cut down on minor disputes that end up in court. The government needs to promote this as a worthwhile alternative.
AI has previously been used extensively to support judges during bail and parole hearings. For instance, in US courts, the "Safety Assessment" (PSA) AI-based tool assists judges in such hearings by generating a risk assessment after accounting for many previously established characteristics.
 
 
6.   IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEGAL RESEARCH
Legal study is still a crucial and challenging endeavour combining art and science. The prophetic quality to sneak into the future by knowing the responses that must be used to offer direction to an inquiry and the poetic imagination to highlight the importance and relation must be added to research. The two terrible difficulties that lawyers encounter when conducting legal research are a need for more time and certainty regarding the outcomes. Sorting and modifying the raw data to create a legally acceptable study takes a lot of work[13]. In other ensuing cases of analogous or indistinguishable circumstances, attorneys in common law jurisdictions (India, Canada, the US, and so forth) refer to case laws decided by the higher legal executive (High Courts and The Hon'ble Supreme Court of India).
 
Occasionally, a researcher's intended outcomes from a database cannot be achieved by its algorithms. Additionally, there is an explosion of knowledge at both the primary and secondary levels as a result of the vast rise in the amount of material available on any inquiry topic. The researchers thus have a crisis of confidence regarding the validity and correctness of the findings. Clear accountability in how a judge or other authority will see the research and argument being developed by an attorney or researcher is another hurdle. It takes much more time to conduct a legal study to feel more certain about it. Nevertheless, regrettably, given the time restraints, it appears unrealistic to devote a significant amount of time to study. According to a Thomson Reuters AI expert, although lawyers are desperate to save time, they are also frightened of missing something. Artificial Intelligence is where the tension manifests itself in such a setting. One must compromise between recalling or locating everything relevant without missing anything and precision or finding the intended object. While the researchers are delegating their tasks excessively, there is also evidence of inadequate delegation. This could degrade the caliber of the services one offers to clients.
 
 
 
7.   WILL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REPLACE LAWYERS AND JUDGES?
While AI cannot currently "completely replace" the role of a judge or attorney, it is helpful in the courtroom in many ways. Research can be gathered by an AI system, saving the judge from having to look through the legal literature manually. By assisting with the delivery of clear and compelling justice, such legal technology can also help to address fundamental crises in courts. Saving time is one of the best things about AI and automation in courts. This is especially beneficial for those who cannot afford legal representation or cannot make it to court on time. The "Jury Chatbot" in Los Angeles, utilized for translation and natural language processing, is an excellent illustration of an AI in a courtroom. Additionally, an AI program can perform advisory tasks like compiling evidence or calculating recidivism rates using statistical data. This helps judges save a tonne of time. Furthermore, as we all know, mistakes may happen with almost anything done by hand[14].
 
Broadly defined, an AI is taught to think and behave like previous judges who might have been prone to bias and discrimination. It is unable to fully learn how to practise law. It cannot be utilized to produce final judgments until it is trained on legitimate and just cases. Final decisions cannot be made by artificial intelligence. Before legal technology, in the form of artificial intelligence (AI), became the norm rather than the exception in the courtroom, it would require some time and further research. First, underlying issues must be resolved. Who will control the judges using AI? A human decision or an AI decision will take precedence; which one?
 
There is little uncertainty that lawyers and judges will still be needed in the near future when it comes to the topic of whether AI will replace them.
 
8.   REVOLUTIONARY IMPACT OF AI STARTUPS IN LEGAL SYSTEM
Due to the introduction of Advanced technology, the legal sector is going through a fundamental shift. The sector uses cutting-edge technologies like blockchain, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence. The rise of legal tech start-ups is a result of the increasing demand for these technologies, which has the potential to change how the law is practised and how legal services are provided. To better enable chances to transform law digitally practises and satisfy the demands of tech-savvy clients, a group of legal tech businesses is creating and deploying AI platforms. Legal technology start-ups in India are assisting in transforming the Indian judicial system. Numerous Indian legal tech start-ups are developing NLP-based tools and showcasing cutting-edge legal research manifestos that help law offices get past basic, keyword-based research and make it more enjoyable. Several legal start-ups have their own AI research labs, and several are rapidly improving their AI research capacities.
 
·         Kira Systems: Kira helps firms in making sense of their unstructured contracts and related paperwork. The startup, established in 2011 in Toronto, Canada, employs machine learning algorithms to recognize, extract, and evaluate text from contracts and other documents. Using ML capabilities tailored for law firms, service providers, and property managers, it also automatically locates and pulls crucial information from lease contracts.
 
·         CASEMINE: In order to find hidden connections between case laws and make legal research more thorough and in-depth, CaseMine, an AI-driven legal tech business in India, uses AI methodologies. CaseIQ, a research tool powered by AI developed by the company, pulls factual and legal information from any document uploaded to it. CaseMine enhances legal research in various ways by using technology to look at different jurisprudential facets[15].
 
·         ContractPod: An AI-driven provider of contract management solutions, ContractPod supports businesses all around the world. With the aid of AI, our user-friendly CLM platform creates workflows and templates that are simple to use, speed contracting, and keep businesses fully compliant. The contract automation solution from ContractPod, created by software and legal specialists, enables businesses to view the entirety of their contract database, providing them the visibility they need to comprehend, make decisions, and take confident action swiftly.
 
9.   NOXIOUS OUTCOME OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEGAL SYSTEM
·         LIABILITY: The current legal system lacks provisions requiring robots to be held accountable for their actions or inactions that harm other parties. Nevertheless, the EU parliament acknowledged in the study that the more autonomous robots get, the less they can be viewed as mere tools in human hands (such as the manufacturer, the operator, the owner, the user, etc.). Given the complexity of some robots, it is debatable whether the standard norms of culpability are enough. This is particularly true when robot actions or inactions that have caused injury could have been prevented, and the reason cannot be linked to a specific human. Furthermore, the current legal system's approach to contractual obligation has a flaw. There may need to be more than the conventional standards when machines can choose their counterparts, negotiate contractual terms, conclude contracts, and decide whether and how to implement them.
 
·         DATA PRIVACY PROTECTION: The open flow of data is crucial for machine learning to employ robots fully. On the other hand, strict adherence to the Union's legal framework for data protection is required. Robots must be built in such a way that they are safe, secure, and appropriate for their intended use. They must adhere to data processing protocols that comply with current legal requirements for confidentiality, anonymity, fair treatment, and due process. Robot-operated networks must have a strong security layer to guard against security lapses, cyberattacks, and misuse of personal information, primarily when much data is being gathered and processed.
 
The NITI Ayog published a policy document in 2018 titled "National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence" that examined the significance of AI and its potential applications in various Indian industries. A national AI program was also suggested to be started in the 2019 Budget. Despite all these technological advances, India still needs adequate legislation to manage and regulate the AI business.
 
·         COMPETITION LAW: AI requires data to learn. In competition law, the issue might result from AI using all kinds of data to learn and react, mainly when real-time web data on competitors' algorithms are readily available. Robots could identify, process, and act on this information, positioning one organization in a similar or better position than its rival, enhancing pricing models, providing better services and terms for deals, etc. Since several of those responses qualify as concentrated activities, anti-competitive agreements, or anything similar, this may be cause for concern.
 
·         AI-PERSONHOOD: Personhood is the attribute of being a unique individual with rights and responsibilities. Every person has a status that serves as the foundation for various notions and rights, including nationality, citizenship, equality, integrity, liberty, and dignity. Every natural or legal person possesses this attribute. Personhood entails the existence of a natural or legal person who will be held accountable for the accident's results whenever there is an automobile accident. Should a machine be granted personhood (rights and obligations) in the same or a manner comparable to that which natural and legal persons have it, but with its particular traits and ramifications, has been a topic of much discussion over the past year.
 
The existing legal system does not hold robots accountable for damage-causing acts or omissions per se; instead, it looks to see if a specific human (such as the maker, the owner, the operator, etc.) could have predicted and prevented the robot's destructive behaviour. If so, they will be strictly liable for any actions or actions a robot takes. A robot's damage may also be subject to regulations governing product liability and culpability for harmful conduct. However, these standards are frequently insufficient and unable to specify the party responsible for the robot's act or omission.
 
 
10.         CONCLUSION:
The way the legal profession operates has altered as a result of technological innovation.
Without considering the AI programming that is developing in legal tech industries, it is difficult to imagine what the future of the legal sector will look like. The legal industry is currently becoming more customer driven. Legal information is just a click away. Online software is used for conducting legal research. These programs are used by legal advisors and firms to prepare and review agreements as well as case files. Therefore, it is crucial to have a legal framework to oversee AI in order to control legal tech businesses and stop customers from abusing their personal information. The development of technology has dramatically benefited legal professions. The legal industry is impacted in two ways by advances in legal research. First, it helps lawyers, scholars, and legal students do speedy, focused research. Second, it aids judges in conducting quick research that can assist the Indian Judicial System to clear the case backlog. Small law firms and advisors have benefited the most from artificial intelligence since it has provided them with the data and resources necessary to compete financially with established law firms. There is a delusional idea among lawyers and law firms that artificial intelligence, machine learning, or, to put it another way, artificial intelligence will replace lawyers and threaten their continued existence. According to data from other industries and verticals, including e-commerce, healthcare, and accountancy, artificial intelligence will only help lawyers and law firms work far more efficiently than they did in the past.
 
Technology advancements are meant to help lawyers and their clients do tasks quickly and effectively, but this does not mean that innovation will replace lawyers, their expertise, or their judgment. The legal industry has embraced artificial intelligence, the technology of the day. Nevertheless, like anything else, it has advantages and disadvantages. It is past time we developed a suitable legal framework that enables us to maximize the benefits of artificial intelligence in the legal industry and eliminates any risks that the sector is vulnerable to because there is no regulatory legal framework.
      

[1] “Artificial intelligence.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, (17 Dec. 2022, 11.47 A.M)
[2] US government use of AI is shoddy and failing citizens - The Register. ( 17 Dec. 2022, 1.03 P.M) https://www.theregister.com/2018/09/26/us_government_algorithms/
[3] MARYANNE NGUYEN, The Importance of Time Management in Legal Practise, (17 Dec. 2022, 1.12 P.M) https://www.sydneycriminallawyers.com.au/blog/the-importance-of-time-management-in-legal-practise/
[4] ELONNAI HICKOK, SHWETA MOHANDAS & SWARAJ PAUL BAROOAH, The AI Task Force Report - The first steps towards India’s AI framework, THE CENTRE FOR INTERNET SOCIETY (9 Dec. 2022, 7.06 A.M), https://cisindia.org/internet-governance/files/ai-task-force-report.pdf.
[5] K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India and Ors, 2017 S.C.C. OnLine S.C. 996 (India).
[6] Universal Declaration of Human Rights, (20 Dec. 2022, 2.57 P.M) https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights
[7] International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-economic-social-and-cultural-rights
[8]Pegasus spyware and its impacts on human rights, Council of Europe. https://www.coe.int/en/web/freedom-expression/-/pegasus-spyware-and-its-impacts-on-human-rights (20 Dec. 2022, 4.17 P.M)
[9] Ibid.
[10] Sakshi Goyal, Emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) Trends in The Legal Profession, iPLEADERS (20 Dec. 2022, 5.34 P.M), https://blog.ipleaders.in/ai-in-legal-profession/.
[11] Zoya Hussain, Can Artificial Intelligence Boost the Pace of India's Judicial System? ( 23 Dec. 2022, 8.50 A.M),
https://www.indiatimes.com/explainers/news/artificial-intelligence-and-indias-judicial-system-565113.html
 
[12] PRITAM BORDOLOI, The Power & Pitfalls of AI in Indian Justice system (22 Dec. 2022, 8.53 AM), https://analyticsindiamag.com/the-power-pitfalls-of-ai-in-indian-justice-system/
[13]Godfrey & David, “Legal Services Are Under Stress, but Enduring.” Generations: Journal of the American Society on Aging, vol. 43, no. 4, 2019, pp. 67–72.
[14] ATANU BISWAS , A robot in a judge's chair - The Statesman. (22 Dec. 2022, 10.11 A.M), 
   https://www.thestatesman.com/opinion/robot-judges-chair-1503031697.html
[15] Richa Bhatia, Story of CaseMine, NCR based startup that’s disrupting Indian legal system using AI,
ANALYTICS INDIA (22 Dec. 2022, 12.18 P.M), https://www.analyticsindiamag.com/story-casemine-ncr-based-startup-thatsdisrupting-indian-legal-system-using-ai/.