Open Access Research Article
Terrorism And Cyber Crimes (By- Kalyani Ravindra Shegaonkar)
Published Paper
Article Details
Terrorism And
Cyber Crimes
Authored By-
Kalyani Ravindra Shegaonkar
Research
LL.M 2nd Year
( 4th Semester )
(Skill Development-1)
Under The
Guidance Of
Prof. Mayura
Borde Ma’am
Savitribai
Phule Pune University
Abstract
Cyber
terrorism is a global issue which is one of the most ignored &
underestimated issue
considered in India. India has the maximum internet users, called as
‘Netizens’ after USA and China. The
over dependency over the internet increase the vulnerabilities &
transformed their
aggressions
into feeling of revenge, which turned them criminals, Cyber warriors and
hostility to the country. Most of
the Indian citizens are insensitive towards cyber threats of being victimized of virtual world. The information
technology has opened the ocean of opportunities to the world for development of their financial infrastructures.
The Cyber crimes are increasing every moment.
The netizens are ignorant and of state of mind that their activities are
unnoticed. We generally share our
significant & super sensitive data & information unintentionally on social media.
The momentous growth of Cyber world posed the threats of Cyber terrorism. The
Cyber attacks has tendency of
depiction of lethal, non-lethal psychological well being, public
confidence
& political attitudes. Generally, it is to consider as Cyber terrorism
affects only the national security
system. But infect- it also affects their psyche & cognition. The Cyber
terrorist expanded growth of Cyber
attacks, which is dramatically increased in past few years. It has
caused mass
destruction & damage to nuclear facilities & critical command &
control system. The Cyber experts are
working to strengthen more and more capacity to restrain Cyber attacks over Govt. system, defiance websites,
financial and banking system and most important nuclear facilities.
Introduction
Cyber terrorism is a global issue which is one Of the most ignored and
underestimated issue Considered in
India. India has the maximum Internet users, called as ‘Netizens’ after USA and China. The over dependency over the
internet Increase the vulnerabilities and transformed their Aggressions into feeling of revenge, which
turned Them criminals, Cyber warriors and hostility to the Country. Most of the Indian citizens are insensitive
towards cyber threats of being victimized
of virtual world. The information technology has opened the ocean of
opportunities to the world for
development of their financial infrastructures. The Cyber crimes are increasing
every moment.
The netizens are ignorant and of state of mind that their activities are
unnoticed. We generally share our
signify cant and super sensitive data and information unintentionally on social media.
The momentous growth of Cyber world posed the threats of Cyber terrorism.
The Cyber attacks Has tendency of
depiction of lethal, non-lethal Psychological well being, public confidence and Political attitudes. Generally, it is to
consider as Cyber terrorism affects only the national security System. But infect it also affects their psyche and
Cognition. The Cyber terrorist
expanded
growth of Cyber attacks, which is dramatically increased in Past few years. It
has caused mass destruction and Damage to nuclear facilities and critical command
And control
system. The Cyber experts are
working To strengthen more and more capacity to restrain Cyber attacks over
Govt. system, defense websites, Finance and banking system and most important Nuclear facilities.
Cyber space is running in veins of modern Digital system, business and
other essential Services. The Cyber
security is one of important Aspect, the failure of which turned in to battle
file For Cyber attacks and Cyber
terrorism. The Cyber Crime or E- crimes
are now become
the reality of Life
which includes the various kinds and modes of Cyber crimes like website
hacking, ID or password Hacking, data
theft or service denial to various Systems. The industrial Cyber
espionage is
also Factor responsible for the growth of ‘Cyberattack’ Over others information system for the acquisition Of ‘higher
sensitive data’. The ‘hostile actor’ (Cyber Terrorist) in order to control, manipulations and
Command to Cyber infrastructure, they using Hacking, malware or ransomware programs And
software’s to corrupt and destroy the digital Information system that might be inclusive of
Strategic data, intellectual property rights and Future development projects etc.
Meaning Of Cyber Terrorism
The term Cyber terrorism- is composition of cyber terms Cyber and terror.
The Cyber terrorism is needed to be
understood with term ‘terrorist’. Cyber terrorism was coined by Banny C. Collin of Institute for Security and
Intelligence (ISI) in late 1980’s. This concept originates only to
resonate with
general public, because countdown begun from year 2000 and the millennium buys
associated with the big date switch, which gained
wide scale recognitions. The terror attacks on
September 11, 2001. Further thrust the concept
of Cyber terror into public discourse, which threat
of giant disruptions to economy, infrastructure and national security were
often discussed in depth by the
media.
Cyber terrorism is also named as- electronic terrorism, electronic jihad,
information warfare cyber warfare.
The basic objective of Cyber attack
is hacking, generally to satisfy the ego of
hackers of
creating terror. Sometimes it seems too similar or over lapping with each other like cyber attack and cyber terrorism. The objective of Cyber terrorism is to generate
the feeling of
terror in the
mind of the Cyber victims. Cyber terrorism is also causing threat to most vulnerable point, which cover physical and virtual world. It includes commission of acts of destruction,
alteration, acquisition and
acts of transmission against the following:
•
Defense forces
• Financial Infrastructure
•
Civilians
• Destructions of supervisory
control and data acquisition system
of smart cities
•
Exploration of smart army etc.
Historical Flashback Of Cyber
Terrorism
The first
quoted case of Cyber terrorist attack was
of 1996. The Cyber terrorist was suspected
as co-accused of ‘White
Supremacist Movement’, He was alleged
for temporary disablement of part of
the ISP’s (Internet service provider) record keeping system and ‘Massachusetts Internet service provider’. The
ISP had made efforts to restrain the
hackers from spreading and sending racist massage worldwide. Finally, the attacker
fleshes the message “You have yet to
see
electric
terrorism. This is a promise”, at
signing-off the system. This was the first Cyber attack, which opened the doors of probabilities and possibilities of
Cyber terrorism worldwide.
Hypothesis
1. Understanding the situation
Awareness in terrorism.
2.
Criminal behaviour
of offenders in cyberspace is likely to be imported to physical space
3. Persons
from a ‘closed society’ are more likely to commit crimes in cyberspace than persons from an ‘open society’.
4. The
conflict of norms and values of physical space with the norms and values of cyberspace may lead to cybercrimes.
Cyber Terrorism
Cyber terrorism is a very terrifying term ever used for traditional
crimes. If we consider the gravity of
the terrorism and tools of cyber terror it seems to be similar in their sphere
but not in reality. Cyber terror tools seem to be similar with
cyber attacks. An ‘e-bomb’ is really terrorism
or is it just hacking? It
might be matter of debate. Computer system’s
hacking in not a new phenomenon, which has been happening since the early
1980s.
The hacker of email account can’t be tagged as
terrorist. Terrorists use various means to spread fear and terror, to accomplish their objectives. Now it is
pertinent to explore probable outcomes of
a terrorist actions initiated with
cyber domain. The main feature of
cyber attack is lack of jurisdictional
restrictions. The citizen or non- citizen can operate secretly in any cyber
domain
against any
person, Govt., group, infrastructure or organization. public attention is most important
for terrorist organizations then technical hurdles. The present world terrorist organizations (for e.g. IS and Al Qaeda)
adept themselves in Cyber world and use it to spread their propaganda, recruitment and for arrangement of funds. Some
terrorist groups use social media for
recruitments, dissemination of propaganda and aiding in the radicalization
process. But attack on cyber network
is a completely different aspect. The world terrorist organizations have intent to wage warfare by using cyber
domain. The most appropriate example is of Inspire online magazine, published by Al Qaeda, and included articles
on bomb making process and instructions
for how to contact with group. It’s not pertinent to exclude large Cyber
attacks in
future while
considering future security threats to the nation. It would be horrible if the
cyber- attacks-targeting basic
infrastructure or financial systems, conducted in collaboration with a traditional attack with other
capabilities. This is a deadly combination of Cyber techniques with traditional resources. The Cyber security
is not a choice but a national responsibility. The Indian Govt. has made satisfactory steps for the development and
implementation of national cyber security strategy, but we must be more cautious about the future complications. The
Govt. Intelligence agency states that
World terrorist organizations have keen interest in developing destructive
cyber technologies and capabilities,
but they have financial constraints, organizational limitations and competing priorities. Demarking line
between Cyber attack and Cyber terrorism is not clear and confusing. Our critical infrastructure is
dependent (directly and indirectly) over the internet.
Cyber Threats To India
The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), India and Cyber experts
continuously warned about the Cyber
attack threat to India. Even CBI website is hacked by hackers in 2010 by
‘Pakistani Cyber Army’. The
Ex-President of India, Dr. Abdul Kalam raise alarm in his lecture on Cyber terrorism, 2005. Instead of that our India
has not yet expertise in ‘Cyber security system’. It is to consider a great damage for India. In
India, Companies, Govt. and Private Infrastructure and
Institutions
including financial and insurance sector, spent less and least concerned for
cyber security. In August 2013 Indira
Gandhi International Airport (IGI) faced Cyber attack. A destructive virus Program called as ‘technical snag’ hit the
operations Of terminal no. 03.
This malicious code was spread Remotely for the
trespassing- ‘the security system Of Airport’. The cyber attackers tried to take Advantage of weakness of security
system. Their Modus of oprendi was
to transfer of virus program Through ‘check-in centers’ of boarding gates and
Finally to the operation of CUPPS
(Common use Passengers Processing System), which materially Affects
airlines
online reservation system and Expected time of departure and capacity of
waiting Lounge.
Furthermore, Pakistani Cyber Criminals deface Nearly 60 Indian websites
every day. Pakistani Hackers
conveniently hacked our websites and Writing derogatory information against
India for Spreading political,
religious, social or financial Cause. The latest Cyber weapon of Cyber terrorist is VoIP (Voice over Internet
Protocol) for e.g. What’s app Voice and video calls, Skype, Video calls through Google talk etc.,
Coded chats, Secret message inside Images, e-mail drafting and encrypted pen drive to Propagate
their agenda. According to NASSCOM-IDC surveys “The demand for ethical hackers is Estimated at 77,000, in India and
188,000 worldwide Currently”. The
investigation of 26/11 Mumbai attack Revealed the- evidence of Cyber
telecommunication Of terriost, with
the help of which they acquainted With
map, population infrastructure, place
etc. They use
the “Google earth” to execute their Plan, mobile network for command and
control, Social media to track the
movement of Indian Rescue and defense forces. Furthermore, they use The technology for “conversion of audio signals Into data”, which made it impossible
to track the Source of Information by “Indian defense forces This
conversation is decoded by ethical hacker
Ankit Wadia.
Another Cyber attack was in year 2011, bomb Explosion in market Jhaveri
Bazaar, Mumbai. In Varanasi bomb blast case of 2010, which was Also executed
with the help of E-Communication. Ultimately Govt. of India
was compelled to develop A strong mechanism to deal with issue of Cyber Terrorism. As a result, the
Information Technology Act, 2000, was amended in 2008 and includes
Sec. 66F to deal with Cyber terrorism and other related Issue, though
that was not in detail. It also
made Also to amend Indian Penal Code, 1860 and Indian Evidence Act, 1872.
Instead of this we Indian has Spend
less for Cyber security. Legal Provisions for Cyber Terrorism other relevant provisions
India has no specific legislation to deal with Cyber Terrorism. The
amendment act of 2008 in Information
Technology Act, 2000 inserted Sec. 66F to deal with Cyber terrorism. Those provisions and rules are complimentary
with other legal provision in legislations and special legislations relating to terrorism. Section 66F is the only
provision which deal with and covers any
act committed with intent to threaten unity, integrity, security or sovereignty
of India or
promoting
terror with Do’s attacks, introduction of computer contaminant, unauthorized
access to a computer resource,
stealing of sensitive information, any information likely to cause injury to interests of sovereignty or integrity
of India, the security, friendly relations with other states, public order, decency, morality or
relating with contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence or to advantage of any foreign
nation or group of individuals. For other offences mentioned in Sec.
66, punishment prescribed is three years and
fi ne of five lakhs has been prescribed
and these offences are cognizable and bailable.
Sec. 66A provides punishment for sending offences
messages through communication service entail
Sec. 84B, abetment to commit an offence is made punishable with the punishment provided for the offence under the Act and
the new Sec. 84C makes attempt to commit an
offence also a
punishable offence with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one-half of the longest term of imprisonment provided
for that offence. In certain offences, such as hacking
(Sec. 66)
punishment is enhanced from three years of imprisonment and fi ne of two lakhs
to five lakhs. In brief following
are the provisions and complimentary rules to deal with Cyber terrorism:
• Sec. 66: Computer related
offences including Hacking.
•
Sec. 66A: Punishment for sending offensive messages through
communication service etc.
•
Sec. 66C: Punishment for Identity theft.
• Sec. 66D: Punishment for
cheating by personation by using computer resource.
•
Sec. 66F: Punishment of Cyber Terrorism.
• Sec. 69:
Power to issue directions for interception or monitoring or decryption of any information through any computer
resource.
• Sec. 69B:
Power to authorize to monitor and collect traffi c data or information through
any computer resource for cyber
security.
• Sec. 70B:
Indian Computer Emergency Response Team to serve as national agency for
incident response.
• Sec. 84B: Punishment for
abetment of offences.
•
Sec. 84C: Punishment for attempt to commit offences.
•
Implementation of Information Technology (IT) Security Guidelines,
2000.
• The
Information Technology (Procedure and Safeguard for Interception Monitoring and Decryption of Information) Rules, 2009.
• The
Information Technology (Procedure and Safeguard for Blocking for Access of
Information by Public) Rules, 2009.
• The
Information Technology (Procedure and Safeguard for Monitoring and Collecting
Traffi c Data or Information) Rules,
2009.
• The
Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and
Sensitive Personal Data or
Information) Rules, 2011.
• The Information Technology
(Guidelines for Cyber Cafe) Rules, 2011.
•
The Information Technology (Electronic Service Delivery) Rules, 2011.
• The
Information Technology (National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection
Centre and Manner of Performing
Functions and Duties Rules, 2013.
Matrixes’ Of Cyber Terrorism
The are the basic elements of cyber terrorism. Those are as follows:
1. Perpetrator or group of
people i.e. Cyber Criminal
2. Place-Cyber Space
3. Action/Method or mode of
action-Any Cyber techniques
4. Tools-Cyber Arsenal or
Armory
5. Targets-e.g. Govt. Company,
Place, individuals, administration or digital infrastructure
6. Affiliations-actual or
claimed
7. Motivations-social,
religious, communal or Most Prominent targets of Cyber terrorism The aim
and objectives of every terrorist organization
and every terror attack is different in their
own sphere. Here below is the list of possible
Cyber attack or terrorism target but these are not exhaustive:
• Communication
Infrastructure: News Agencies, Media
and Tele communications companies
•
Corporations: Component suppliers, Civilian consulting companies
• Financial Institutions:
Banks, public or private, Insurance
and Government Funding Agencies or
Institutions
• Health care
Industry: Drugs manufacturing Companies (Vaccines, antibiotics), Pharmacies, Hospital and Clinics
• Power Grids
• Transportation Systems
•
Water Authorities
• Nuclear power plants
•
Railways
•
Information technology Systems etc.
Cyber Terror Armory
There is long list of cyber weapons used to create terror. Every weapon is unique in
their own aspect and effects
according to the objective of terrorist
organizations, terrorist or Cyber
attacker.
Following are
most commonly weapons used from
Cyber Armory To Spread Terror:
•
Hacking
• Virtual sit-ins and
blockades
•
Automated email bombs
• Computer viruses and worms
•
Denial of services (DoS)
•
Cryptography
Cyber Terrorism: Social Media And
Terrorist Groups
Cyber terrorism has gravity to influence directly the
victims of cyber attacks. The basic objectives
of terrorism is to draw attention by
causing or with acts of violence
globally. In 1990, the National Security Council envisaged that ‘Computer
could in the future to be used to not
only facilitate crime but also as the main too for criminal act. The modern
thief can steal more with a computer
then with a gun. Tomorrow terrorist may be able to do more damage with a keyboard then with a bomb’.
What Internet Offer To Terrorists
The internet offers the following advantages to the terrorist:
•
Easy Access
• Minimum Regulation,
Censorship, or any type of Govt. control
•
Potentially high audience spread throughout the world
• Anonymity
•
Fast circulation of information
•
Low cost maintenance of web page
• A
multimedia effect- ability to combine text, graphics, audio-visual and to allow
user to download movies, songs,
books, posters very fast
• The ability
to shape cover are in the traditional may media, which increasingly use
internet as a source of stories
Conventional Terrorism To Cyber
Terrorism
The subject of ‘terrorism’ is always controversial. The origin of word
terrorist is from French word
‘terrorisme’ that derives from Latin verb ‘terroeo’, meaning thereby ‘I
frighten’. Cyber terrorism is an
extended form of conventional terrorism where the nature of weapons is in
electronic
form or devices instead of arms and ammunitions. The objective of both is same
i.e., creation of terror. Followings
are the qualification of an act to be address as
Cyber Terrorism:
• Place of occurrence must be
cyber space
•
Use of Computer system or like device to use as tool
•
The aim to act is to create fear, harm or violence
• Motive-religious, ideological,
or political objectives
The ‘Electronic Jihad’, Use of Social
Media and Internet by Terrorists: The
“Electronic Jihad” by terrorist
organizations improvises their terror technique from traditional to
technological. The International
terrorist group Al-Qaeda, used internet technology to spread their wings of
terror in like manner. Similarly,
ISIS completely revolutionized “terrorism world” with the use of “social media”.
The Reason For This Obvious:
•
To spread propaganda with electricity speed then, the speed of
traditional cart.
•
Internet Communication like net calling, video calls etc.
• Lowest cost than other
method.
•
More complicated to trace.
• Cab ne commit without
jurisdictional hurdles.
•
Can affect public at large.
Cyber terrorism is worldwide phenomenon. About forty terrorist groups all
over the world maintain their
websites and use of different languages, which provide the information about them. Generally, their basis objective is
to change public ideology, weaken public support to the govt.
Relation Between Hackers And
Terrorists
Hacker groups are numerous and they are divide each other by the level of
education in technological field.
Membership in a high level educated hacker groups frequently can be limited and exclusive membership is allowed only
for individuals who develop and share set of
sophisticated information communication tools for hacking. This “exclusive” hacker groups make efforts to be cover and not to attract attention due to
confidentiality allows them to be more effective.
Although some hacker groups can be a globally dispersed, they have similar aims
as a political interest or they are
connected through another basis as a religious or social ideology.
Other groups
can be motivated from profit which comes together with organize crime. Also it
is possible to meet hacker groups which are guided from their aspiration to sell their computer skills to sponsors as a terroristic groups
or countries which it is depend on emerging political interest. As a conclusion should be stated that there are
numerous reports on the above, where the actors
appear as governments, companies, associations and other stakeholders. On the
same manner, it should be stressed
that connection between hackers, terrorist and nations that support terrorism
is very hard to prove it. On other hand activities that are caused by the cyber
terrorist can be detected through
carefully monitoring social networks, chat, mirc and other cyber virtual location where anonymously hackers meet
to exchange their information.
Nevertheless,
in order to prevent and avoid
damages from terrorist and crime activities are developed numerous research
projects which should give contribution to find out technology, tactics,
techniques and other stuff
associated to cyber threats.
Differences Between Terms Cyber
Crime And Cyber Terrorism
In a present time are many definitions about cyber crime and cyber
terrorism. Recently was confusion whether
or not this two terms
- cyber crime and cyber
terrorism are synonym
each
other. However,
some authors support definition that they two terms are synonym other authors do not support that definition and they
formulate two different definitions. In a global view, the most relevant definitions are definitions
which are exploited according to formulate terminology of USA.On the other hand, to make clear distinction between
terms cyber crime and cyber terrorism
in a following paragraphs it is necessary to be exposed differences. Defining
term
cyber
terrorism is crucial and the officials motivate it. Major purpose of cyber
terrorism is infiltration in the
system on certain institution where it can cause violence and damage (financial damage, property) in order to make and lower security in the country that is
victim. Hackers that are actors
which usually cause cyber crime, and they often do it for enjoyment or they
struggle between each other for
bigger individual success, in addition they can do it for achieving
financial or
in other purposes. While hackers (cyber terrorists) who are often component of terrorist organization as a Al Qaeda, ETA,
IRA etc., they make it to fulfill certain political goals (Ottis, Rain, and Lorentz, Peeter, 2010).
Furthermore, some authors formulate differences about hackers that
hackers who commit attacks for
enjoyable reasons they can be classified in a group of simple and plain
criminals while cyber terrorist
should be classified in a specific rigid form of crime (Guice, J., and Duffy,
R., 2000).
Cyber
terrorist can attack on clear defined targets that are significant strategic
points for certain countries but it
does not means that attack is limited and cannot have a wide range in order to
achieve
definite aim. As a example of previous mentioned, target of cyber terrorist can
be electrical plant which supply
citizens with electricity who live in near that environment. Committing this type of attack, cyber
terrorist can be effective in a wide range with a little resource. If chain of electricity supply is broken with this
kind of attack that situation has
influence on
daily citizens routine to fulfilling essential needs. Another example about
cyber terrorism can be hospital
computer system hacking and changing medical prescriptions and cause damage with prescribing wrong medicine to
the patient So that everyone can be a victim of this terrorist act. AS a conclusion about differences between cyber
crime and cyber terrorism is that they
use same weapon to commit terrorist or crime act and this weapon is computer or
ICT in a wider range.
ISIS’s (Islamic
State Of Iraq And Syria) Presence In India
The ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) or ‘Daesh’, also trying to
spread their network in India. This
fact is revealed when US Army killed Indian ‘IS fighter’ in Afghanistan. It was
revealed and confirmed after
investigation that Indian citizens confirmed their affiliations with
IS. Some of made successful or attempted to travel to Syria, Afghanistan
or Iraq for recruitment, propagandists,
financers, conspirators other synthesis. About 142 Indian citizens (132 named) have confirmed their affiliation with
ISIS.
India Successful Counter ISIS. About 85 of 142 IS sympathies were
arrested and interrogated, some
returned to and intercepted their homes, some were arrested from Airport and
some deported back to India before or
during their transit. Digital Promotion of terror propaganda
Terrorist
spread their propaganda by various means including internet and social media
platform like Facebook, twitter,
WhatsApp etc. Actually, there is not any web source of www.isis.com or www.alqueda.org, but
their propaganda can still be found. ISIS used twitter for the propaganda of their message, video and recruiting
material online. In 2016 twitter freeze about 1,25,000
accounts
linked with ISIS. It was contended by Abu Abdullah al Malghribi, ISIS detector
that “The media people are more
imported then solders”, he said. “Their monthly income is higher. They have better cars. They have the
power to encourage those inside to fight and the power to bring more recruits to the Islamic
State”.6
The ISIS Cyber
campaign is differ from terrorist group in social media such as Al Qaeda in
context of their content in vey brutal in posting video massages,
beheading of with Social media and
internet there terrorist group trying to glorify their acts especially in the
eyes of the youth.
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The course has strong relationships with national and international partners, including policymakers, government and industrial security practitioners, military organizations, and communities. Swansea
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Cyber
Terrorism And Cyber Warfare
In Cyber warfare there is use of information and information systems as
weapons, projecting two potentially
contradictory policy issues. At one end there is obligation to restrain and
guard
against
information attack, on other side, the requirement to protect the right to use
a non-lethal instrument in obtaining
national or international requirement. At a time apparently ripe to mobilize international sentiment against
all forms of terrorism, it could be particularly
worthwhile to
canvas the relevant international treaties, agreements and resolutions in
search of principles that might be
helpful in formulating new norms to help states to distinguish between legal and illegal uses of information
warfare techniques. According to Denning “Information
warfare
consist of these actions intended to protect, exploit, corrupt, deny or destroy
information or information resources
in order to achieve a significant advantages, objective, or victory over an adversary”.
The Information technology boon opened new horizons for criminals. The
Cyber warfare involves ‘attack
and defense of ‘information and information system’
both in time of armed
conflict and
in operations short of war. The information technology provides the promise of
a new class of less lethal military
instruments.
These
vulnerabilities, when exploited by those who
would target civilians to inspire widespread fear in hopes of accomplishing
a political agenda.
The Indian
govt. also sent a notice to Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook for the information
regarding possible data breaches and
manipulation in about 241 million active members. Indian Govt. also seek the information “whether personal data
of votes has compromised by Cambridge Analytica, world’s leading data mining firm, or other downstream entity.
It was alleged that Cambridge
Analytica misused data of
millions of social media user and attempted to influence election
Conclusion
From the above dissection we can conclude that We could not deny
apprehension of cyber terrorism
activities in future. We should be act on preventive mode rather then remedial
mode of this virtual and physical
realities. Today digital India needs response readiness for cyber attacks which is moving ahead for digitized
economic system. Which required a quick response and preparedness against cyber attacks. India should be more
aggressive in responding to cyber threats
and attacks. The cases of ransom demand cases have been reported in private
companies
for protections of their data secrets and information infrastructures.
Despite of digital awareness among
netizens, another aspect of preventive actions is regulating the role of
software developers and IT product
companies. We should ensure the accountability and liability of software developers and companies launching such
exploitable softwares for accessing. Further
mishandling of software tools should have more severe punitive
consequences, which require
regulation of
making and leaking of such tools. Such regulatory controls should be on similar pattern of manufacturing or mishandling
of fi rearms or ammunitions.9 Recently the Daily
Excelsior, a
leading news paper of Jammu, published an article on June 25, 2019 which says ‘Govt to act tough on top militants,
cyber terrorism’ through major amendments to the anti- terrorism. The Indian Govt. would soon present a Parliament,
which would prove another
milestone to activities and prevention of cyber
terrorism. Some of the amendments proposed in
the Law included curbing activities through cyber terrorism by
registering cases under various provisions
of law. These proposed amendments not only help the Government to keep strict
vigil and surveillance on militants
operating in Jammu and Kashmir but also in various parts of India.
The Govt. accepted the proposal
for amendment of NIA Act, which equipped the agency to
register and investigation terrorist acts on foreign countries if any
Indian Citizens or interests are harmed.
This draft bill seeks to extend the scope of cases, which an agency is
empowered to investigate. New
offences being added to the schedule of NIA Act including cyber terrorism cases
under IT Act as well as crimes under
Sec. 370-371 of Indian Penal Code relating to human traffi caking those often have international
connections. Further former National Security Adviser M.K.
Narayana at a seminar on
‘Cyber-terrorism and the economy’ organized by Centre for Eastern
and North Eastern Regional Studies (CENERS-K), also focused on
strengthening cyber warfare capacities
for peace and security. He asserted that “India is on the threshold of a
digital age and the use of IT
technologies, which now turned ubiquitous. The danger is that not only it is becoming easier to mask an identity
online, but also once the malware codes come into the open market, it can be bought and repurposed
by hackers anywhere in the world.
Article Information
Terrorism And Cyber Crimes (By- Kalyani Ravindra Shegaonkar)
Authors: Kalyani Ravindra Shegaonkar
- Journal IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Published 2022/08/08
- Volume 2
- Issue 7
About Journal
International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis
- Abbreviation IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Access Open Access
- License CC 4.0
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