Open Access Research Article

DRONES, ALGORITHMS, AND PROXY WARS: HOW HYBRID WARFARE IS BREAKING INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

Author(s):
DR. ISHA JOSHI DR. GOPAL KAG DR. CHARU MAHESHWARI DR. SUMIT MAHESHWARI PROF. NAKUL SINGH CHAUHAN
Journal IJLRA
ISSN 2582-6433
Access Open Access
Volume 3
Issue 8
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Abstract

International humanitarian law was built for a world of conventional wars between states. Hybrid warfare has fundamentally disrupted that world. When states simultaneously deploy drone strikes guided by artificial intelligence, fund proxy militias operating in third countries, launch cyber attacks against civilian infrastructure, and impose sanctions that cut off medicine and food, existing legal frameworks struggle to assign responsibility for any of it. This article examines that accountability crisis through the lens of the US-Iran-Israel conflict interactions between 2010 and 2024. It identifies five structural accountability gaps in international humanitarian law, extending previous scholarship by introducing Project Maven, the United States Department of Defense's AI-assisted drone targeting programme, as a paradigmatic case of the meaningful human control problem in algorithmic warfare. The article also situates the accountability gaps identified in the US-Iran-Israel theatre within the African peace and security context, noting their direct relevance to hybrid warfare dynamics in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa. Four reform proposals are advanced: a revised attribution standard for proxy operations; Draft Articles on State Responsibility for Hybrid Warfare Civilians; an expanded ICC mandate; and a multilateral Cyber and Autonomous Weapons Accountability Protocol.   Key Terms: hybrid warfare; international humanitarian law; accountability; Project Maven; attribution

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Authors: DR. ISHA JOSHI, DR. GOPAL KAG, DR. CHARU MAHESHWARI, DR. SUMIT MAHESHWARI & PROF. NAKUL SINGH CHAUHANRegistration ID: 1013591 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA13591, IJLRA13592, IJLRA13593, IJLRA13594 & IJLRA13595Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Article Information

DRONES, ALGORITHMS, AND PROXY WARS: HOW HYBRID WARFARE IS BREAKING INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

Authors: DR. ISHA JOSHI, DR. GOPAL KAG, DR. CHARU MAHESHWARI, DR. SUMIT MAHESHWARI, PROF. NAKUL SINGH CHAUHAN

  • Journal IJLRA
  • ISSN 2582-6433
  • Volume 3
  • Issue 8
Citation Download Paper Full Details Search on Google Search on Google Scholar

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International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis

  • AbbreviationIJLRA
  • ISSN2582-6433
  • AccessOpen Access
  • LicenseCC 4.0

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