Open Access Research Article

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: A SOCIO-LEGAL AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION

Author(s):
RUCHI HITESH PATEL SNEHA NARENDRA BHANUSHALI JIGISHA SURESH PATEL
Journal IJLRA
ISSN 2582-6433
Access Open Access
Volume 3
Issue 6
DOI https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/09.2026-56421187/ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: A SOC
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Abstract

1. Abstract
Artificial intelligence has moved from an auxiliary tool to a structural feature of contemporary criminal justice administration, reshaping policing, evidence-gathering, risk assessment, and even adjudicatory support. This paper undertakes a socio-legal and comparative examination of how India and the European Union have responded to this transformation. It situates the discussion within a conceptual framework connecting due process, the rule of law, and algorithmic accountability, before mapping the concrete uses of AI in criminal justice, from predictive policing and facial recognition to automated evidence analysis. The Indian framework — comprising the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023, and constitutional privacy jurisprudence following Puttaswamy — is examined against the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act and Law Enforcement Directive, alongside the Court of Justice's jurisprudence in Ligue des droits humains. The comparative analysis reveals that while both jurisdictions share underlying human rights commitments, they diverge sharply in regulatory maturity, with the EU operating a codified risk-based regime and India relying on fragmented procedural provisions and judicially derived safeguards. The paper concludes with recommendations for India, arguing for dedicated legislation governing algorithmic policing tools, mandatory human oversight, and independent audit mechanisms to reconcile technological efficiency with constitutional due process.

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Author Details

Authors: RUCHI HITESH PATEL, SNEHA NARENDRA BHANUSHALI & JIGISHA SURESH PATEL
Registration ID: 1013095 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA13095, IJLRA13096 & IJLRA13097
Year: Sep-2026 | Volume: 3 | Issue: 6
Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India
Page No.: 1-18

Article Information

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: A SOCIO-LEGAL AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION

Authors: RUCHI HITESH PATEL, SNEHA NARENDRA BHANUSHALI, JIGISHA SURESH PATEL

  • Journal IJLRA
  • ISSN 2582-6433
  • Volume 3
  • Issue 6
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International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis

  • AbbreviationIJLRA
  • ISSN2582-6433
  • AccessOpen Access
  • LicenseCC 4.0

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