INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

AN ANALYSIS ON ADMISSIBILITY OF AN UNREGISTERED AGREEMENT TO SELL AND AN UNREGISTERED SALE DEED IN EVIDENCE BY - G. ASWINI & R. PREETHI

Authors: G. ASWINI & R. PREETHI

Registration ID: 108912 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8912 & IJLRA8913

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: ashwinignayagam@gmail.com & aswinignayagam@gmail.com

Page No : 12 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-82419385/AN ANALYSIS ON ADMISSIBILITY OF AN UNREGISTERED AG

EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF AI TO BRIDGE THE GENDER GAP IN ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN INDIA BY: RAKESH IR & SANJAY KRISHNA S

Authors: RAKESH IR & SANJAY KRISHNA S

Registration ID: 108910 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8910 & IJLRA8911

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: rakeshir.tsy@gmail.com & sanzayn17@gmail.com

Page No : 21 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: ttps://doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-63235477/EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF AI TO BRIDGE THE GENDER

CREATE A RESPECTFUL WORKPLACE BY THE NEXUS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND MENTAL HEALTH BY - SHIVAM KUMAR GUPTA, DR. PREETI SINGH & DR. AVNISH SINGH

Authors: SHIVAM KUMAR GUPTA, DR. PREETI SINGH & DR. AVNISH SINGH

Registration ID: 108907 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8907, IJLRA8908 & IJLRA8909

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: shivam11august@gmail.com, singh.preeti1092@gmail.com & singh.avnish94@gmail.com

Page No : 11 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-64984265/CREATE A RESPECTFUL WORKPLACE BY THE NEXUS OF HUMA

MENS RIGHTS AND THE LEGAL SYSTEM: CUSTODY, DIVORCE, AND ALIMONY BY - UMANG

Authors: UMANG

Registration ID: 108906 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8906

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: umangkalsan21@gmail.com

Page No : 18 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-34278832/MENS RIGHTS AND THE LEGAL SYSTEM: CUSTODY, DIVORCE

CLIMATE CHANGE LITIGATION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BY - SHIVAM KUMAR GUPTA, AKSHITA SINGH, ABHIJEET SINGH & TEJ BAHADUR

Authors: SHIVAM KUMAR GUPTA, AKSHITA SINGH, ABHIJEET SINGH & TEJ BAHADUR

Registration ID: 108902 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8901, IJLRA8902, IJLRA8903 & IJLRA8904

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: shivam11august@gmail.com, akshitathecool@gmail.com, abhijeet661995@gmail.com & ozas.singh88@gmail.com

Page No : 13 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-11228787/CLIMATE CHANGE LITIGATION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW FOR

ASSOCIATION FOR DEMOCRATIC REFORMS AND ANOTHER V. UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS BY - VAIBHAV NAGPAL, SHRAY CHIBBER, RIYA SOOD & RAHUL MARYA

Authors: VAIBHAV NAGPAL, SHRAY CHIBBER, RIYA SOOD & RAHUL MARYA

Registration ID: 108898 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8898, IJLRA8899, IJLRA8900 & IJLRA8901

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: vaibhavnagpal.nagpal@gmail.com, Shraychhibber5472@gmail.com, soodriya01@gmail.com & rahulmarya29@gmail.com

Page No : 17 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-62846885/ASSOCIATION FOR DEMOCRATIC REFORMS AND ANOTHER V.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR PREVENTION AND PROTECTION OF CHILD ABUSE- A CRITICAL ANALYSIS BY - ASHUTOSH TRIPATHI

Authors: ASHUTOSH TRIPATHI

Registration ID: 108897 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8897

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: tripathi.ashutosh429@gmail.com

Page No : 22 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-37835735/LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR PREVENTION AND PROTECTION OF C

LEGAL EDUCATION IN INDIA: SOME CONTEMPORARY CHALLEGES BY - DR. ANAND KUMAR

Authors: DR. ANAND KUMAR

Registration ID: 108896 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8896

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: anandcrlaw@gmail.com

Page No : 12 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-77234437/LEGAL EDUCATION IN INDIA: SOME CONTEMPORARY CHALLE

IMPACT OF DIGITALISATION OF LAND RECORDS ON THE CONCEPT OF OWNERSHIP - A CRITICAL ANALYSIS AUTHORED BY - N.K. SHARITHIRA & DR. P. BRINDA

Authors: N.K. SHARITHIRA & DR. P. BRINDA

Registration ID: 108894 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8894 & IJLRA8895

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: n.k.sharithira@gmail.com

Page No : 19 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-41239416/IMPACT OF DIGITALISATION OF LAND RECORDS ON THE CO

THE RISE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DURING LOCKDOWN: A SOCIO-LEGAL STUDY BY - ANKANA BAL

Authors: ANKANA BAL

Registration ID: 108893 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8893

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: ankana.india@gmail.com

Page No : 19 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-67734315/THE RISE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DURING LOCKDOWN: A S

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

Accessibility:Open Access

License:Creative Commons 4.0

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All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

[1] Section 47 of the Indian Registration Act, 1929.

[2] Narayanaswami v. Lakshmi Narashimha AIR 1939 Mad. 220=48 L.W. 959.

[3] Section 49 of Registration Act

Effect of non-registration of documents required to be registered.-

No document required by section 17 (1) [or by any provision of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (4 of 1882)], to be registered shall-

(a) affect any immovable property comprised therein, or

(b) confer any power to adopt, or

(c) be received as evidence of any transaction affecting such property or conferring such power, unless it has been registered:

Provided that an unregistered document affecting immovable property and required by this Act or the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (4 of 1882), to be registered may be received as evidence of a contract in a suit for specific performance under Chapter II of the Specific Relief Act, 1877 (3 of 1877) or as evidence of any collateral transaction not required to be effected by registered instrument.

[4] According to S. 91 of Evidence Act the terms of a document must be proved by the document itself or by secondary evidence where it is admissible under the Act and not by oral evidence.

[5] S. Kaladevi v. V.R. Somasundaram & Ors, AIR 2010 SC 1654.

[6] R. Hemalatha v. Kashthuri, 2023 SCC OnLine SC 381.

[8] Section 77 of Registration Act, Suit in case of order of refusal by Registrar. - (1) Where the Registrar refuses to order the document to be registered, under section 72 or a decree section 76, any person claiming under such document, or his representative, assign or agent, may, within thirty days after the making of the order of refusal, institute in the Civil Court, within the local limits of whose original jurisdiction is situate the office in which the document is sought to be registered, a suit for a decree directing the document to be registered in such office if it be duly presented for registration within thirty days after the passing of such decree.

(2) The provisions contained in sub-sections (2) and (3) of section 75 shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to all documents presented for registration in accordance with any such decree, and, notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the documents shall be receivable in evidence in such suit.

[9] S. Kaladevi v. V. R. Somasundaram & Ors, AIR 2010 SC 1654.

[12] PSG Industrial Institute v. R. Randhir Singh, 1997 (3) ALT 473.

[13] Ruckmangathan vs Ramalingam (1998) 1 MLJ 114.

[14] Ummadi Subramanyam v. Ekka Dhanamma and Anr, 1999 (5) ALD 26, 1999 (4) ALT 706.

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[12] Discussed under Chapter 1.1 ‘The Hype Of It All’, pg. 16.

[15] Gender and financial inclusion’ (International Labour Organization) ://www.ilo.org/empent/areas/social- finance/WCMS_737729/lang--en/index.htm> accessed on June10, 2024, at 12:10 a.m

[17] Empowering Women at Work Policies and Practices for Gender Equality in Supply Chains’ (UN Women, International Labour Organization Publication, 2020) ://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/--- emp_ent/---multi/documents/publication/wcms_774617.pdf> accessed on June 11, 2024, at 7.00p.m

[18] AI for Sustainable Development Goals (AI4SDGs) Think Tank. (2023). AI for the Sustainable Development Goals. https://ai-for-sdgs.academy/ , accessed on June 11, 2024, at 10.00p.m

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[3] Mental health is a basic human right for all people. Everyone, whoever and wherever they are, has a deserving and inherent right to the highest attainable standard of mental health.

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[1] Tyrväinen, L., Ojala, A., Korpela, K., Lanki, T., Tsunetsugu, Y. and Kagawa, T., ‘The influence of urban green environments on stress relief measures: A field experiment. Journal of environmental psychology’, (2014) 38, 1-9.

[2] It is undeniable that human activities have produced the atmospheric gases that have trapped more of the Sun’s energy in the Earth system. This extra energy has warmed the atmosphere, ocean, and land, and widespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and biosphere have occurred. Evidence accessed 27 December 2024

[4] Climate policies are far behind what is needed to keep global temperatures below the 1.5°C threshold, with extreme weather events and searing heat already baking our planet,” said Inger Andersen, Executive Director of UNEP. “People are increasingly turning to courts to combat the climate crisis, holding governments and the private sector accountable and making litigation a key mechanism for securing climate action and promoting climate justice.” Climate litigation more than doubles in five years, now a key tool in delivering climate justice (27 Jul 2023) accessed 25 December 2024

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[13] About IUCN- IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) is a membership Union of government and civil society organisations. Together, we work to advance sustainable development and create a just world that values and conserves nature.

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[1] Article 19- Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.— (1) All citizens shall have the right—

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[1]Asst. Professor in-Law& Former Director in-Charge, Chhotu Ram Institute of Law, Rohtak-124001, E-mail: anandcrlaw@gmail.com ; +919896150198

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[4]Section 7(1) (h), The Indian Advocate Act, 1961.

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[10]Ashok Mehta, “Education” 13 Indian Bar Review XLIII (2) 2016.

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[14] Govt of India. MHRD, National Education Policy 2020.

[1] Ownership, Black's Law Dictionary (9th ed. 2009)

[2] Ownership, John W. Salmond, et al., Salmond on jurisprudence (12th ed. 1966)

[3] Agter, Merlet MicheL, Commons, a Model for Managing Natural Resources, RITIMO (Nov. 30, 2024, 10.34 A.M.), https://www.ritimo.org/Land-Ownership-A-Fundamental-Critique-of-Its-Key-Concepts-is-Necessary

[4] The General Clauses Act, 1897, (Act 10 of 1897), § 3(26); The Registration Act, 1908, (Act 16 of 1908 § 2(6)

[5] Agter, Merlet MicheL, Commons, a Model for Managing Natural Resources, RITIMO (Nov. 30, 2024, 10.50 A.M.), https://www.ritimo.org/Land-Ownership-A-Fundamental-Critique-of-Its-Key-Concepts-is-Necessary

[6] Damodhar Narayan Sawale (D) through LRs. vs. Shri Tejrao Bajirao Mhaske & Ors (2023) SCC Online SC 566

[7] Land Records and Titles in India, PRSINDIA (Nov. 30, 2024, 11.45 A.M.),https://prsindia.org/policy/analytical-reports/land-records-and-titles-india#_edn7

[9] Land Records and Titles in India, PRSINDIA (Nov. 30, 2024, 11.45 A.M.),https://prsindia.org/policy/analytical-reports/land-records-and-titles-india#_edn7

[11] What is ROR in Land Records?, HOME CAPITAL, (Nov. 30, 2024 5.08 P.M.), https://homecapital.in/what-is-ror-in-land-records/#:~:text=A%20Record%20of%20Rights%20(ROR,the%20ownership%20of%20the%20property.

[12] Land Records and Titles in India, PRSINDIA (Nov. 30, 2024, 11.45 A.M.),https://prsindia.org/policy/analytical-reports/land-records-and-titles-india#_edn7

[13] Bal, Meghna, Securing Property Rights in India through Distributed Ledger Technology, ORF (Dec. 01, 2024, 11.00 A.M.), https://www.orfonline.org/research/securing-property-rights-in-india-through-distributed-ledger-technology

[14] DILRMP, Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development, (Dec. 01, 2024, 11.30 A.M.), https://dolr.gov.in/programmes-schemes/dilrmp-2/

[15] Khemka, Shreevardhan and Jain ,Ayush, Digitalization Of Land Records In India, Asian Law & Public Policy Review Journal, Vol.IV (2019), https://thelawbrigade.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Shreevardhan-Ayush-ALPPR.pdf

[16] Government of India, Planning Commission, A Hundred Small Steps: Report of the Committee on Financial Sector Reforms, (2009), https://www.jrvarma.in/reports/Raghuram-Rajan/cfsr_all.pdf

[17] Mishra, Prachee and Suhag, Roopal , Modernizing land records in India, LIVEMINT, (Dec. 01. 2024 4.35 P.M.), https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YZ7goB2ERdl3VZQJTdWc9L/Modernizing-land-records-in-India.html

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[19] The NITI Aayog, Expert Committee on ODR, Strengthening Arbitration and its Enforcement in India – Resolve in India”, (2021), http://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/document_publication/Arbitration.pdf.

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[31] The First Law Commission of India, 1957, Report No. 6: Registration Act, 1908,

[32] Is Digitizing Land Records the Ultimate Answer?, BAR AND BENCH, (Dec. 02, 2024, 08.00 P.M.), https://www.barandbench.com/apprentice-lawyer/is-digitizing-land-records-the-ultimate-answer

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[34] Kumar, Nitish, P, Legal Challenges in the Digitalization of Property Transactions: A Critical Examination of the TOPA Framework, SSRN Journal, (February 25, 2024) https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4738262

[35] Singh, Ram, Inefficiency and Abuse of Compulsory Land Acquisition An Enquiry into the Way Forward, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 47, No. 19 (May 12, 2012), pp. 46-53 https://www.jstor.org/stable/23214976

[36] Naves, Inge and Hoogcarspe, Sjo, Art Law in The Netherlands, LEXOLOGY, (Dec. 03. 2024 6.30 P.M.), https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=f38485d2-4908-44de-b6ad-1519a9832a54

[37] Land and Land Ownership, ICSM, (Dec. 04, 2024 6.30 P.M.), https://www.icsm.gov.au/education/fundamentals-land-ownership-land-boundaries-and-surveying/land-and-land-ownership/systems

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[1] Antonio Guterres, the Secretary General, United Nations (6 April 2020)

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[2] Johns Hopkins University, ‘Territories with Confirmed cases with COVID-19’(Alzejeera, 20 September 2020) <https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/01/countries-confirmed-cases-coronavirus-200125070959786.html> accessed 20 September, 2024.

[3] Press Release, ‘COVID-19: Stopping the rise in domestic violence during lockdown, European Parliament’ (European Parliament, 7 April 2020) <https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20200406IPR76610/covid-19-stopping-the-rise-in-domestic-violence-during-lockdown> accessed 5 June, 2024.

[4] ‘Everything on her shoulders: Rapid assessment on gender and violence against women and girls in the Ebola outbreak in Beni, DRC’ (International Rescue Committee, 15 March 2020)

<https://www.rescue.org/report/everything-her-shoulders-rapid-assessment-gender-and-violence-against-women-and-girls-ebola> accessed 24 July, 2024.

[5] Claire M. Renzetti, ‘Economic Stress and Domestic Violence’ CRVAW Faculty Research Reports and Papers (UKnowledge, September 2009) <https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=crvaw_reports> accessed July 23, 2024.

[6] Jacqui True, ‘Gendered violence in natural disasters: Learning from New Orleans, Haiti and Christchurch’ 25(2) ANZSW (2013) 78.

[8] ‘Summary Report on WHO Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women’ (WHO 2005) <http://dspace.ceid.org.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/93/ekutuphane4.1.6.4.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y> accessed 25 July, 2024.

[9] Haley Ott, ‘U.K. domestic violence charity says calls have surged 66& as coronavirus lockdown continues’ (CBS NEWS, May 27 2020) <https://www.cbsnews.com/news/uk-domestic-violence-charity-huge-spike-calls-for-help-as-coronavirus-lockdown-continues/> accessed 9 June, 2024.

[12] Natalie Higgins, ‘Coronavirus: When home gets violent under lockdown in Europe’ BBC News (Brussels, 13 April 2020) <https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-52216966>, accessed 02 June 2020

[14] Stephen Burgen, ‘Women killed in Spain as coronavirus lockdown sees rise in domestic violence’ The (Guardian, 28 April 2020) <https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/apr/28/three-women-killed-in-spain-as-coronavirus-lockdown-sees-rise-in-domestic-violence> accessed 20 June, 2024.

[17] Interview with Teresa May, Former Prime Minister of U.K., ‘Coronavirus: Lockdown exit must take domestic abuse rise into account – May’ (BBC NEWS, 28 April 28 2020)

<https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-52453372> accessed 18 June, 2024.

[19]Amanda Taub and Jane Bradley, ‘As Domestic Abuse Rises, U.K. Failings Leave Victims in Peril’ (The New York Times, 2 July 2 2020) <https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/02/world/europe/uk-coronavirus-domestic-abuse.html> accessed 20 July, 2024.

[22] Emily Sherwin, ‘Moscow hotel hosts domestic violence survivors as abuse cases soar’ (DW, 6 June 2020) available at <https://www.dw.com/en/moscow-hotel-hosts-domestic-violence-survivors-as-abuse-cases-soar/a-53693748> accessed 15 June, 2024.

[23] Emma Graham-Harrison, Angela Giuffrida, Helena Smith, Liz Ford, ‘Lockdown around the world bring rise in domestic violence’ (The Guardian, 28 March 2020) <https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/mar/28/lockdowns-world-rise-domestic-violence> accessed 26 June, 2024.

[24] Yaya Sanni, Hudani Alzahra, Buh Amos, Bishwajit Ghose, ‘Prevalence and Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence Among Married Women in Egypt’ (13 November 2019) <https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519888196> accessed 28 June, 2024.

[26] Amanda Taub, ‘A New Covid-19 Crisis: Domestic Abuse Rises Worldwide’ (New York Times, 06 April 2020)

accessed 24 June, 2024.

[27] Graham-Harrison, Giuffrida, Smith, Ford, supra note 23.

[28] Lachmi Deb Roy, ‘Blame It On COVID-19: Domestic Violence on The Rise, Are men Putting More Pressure On Women?’ (The Outlook, 20 April 20 2020),

<https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/india-news-a-monster-at-home/303071> accessed 29 June, 2024.

[29] Rukmini S, ‘Locked down with abusers: India sees surge in domestic violence’ (Aljazeera, 8 April 2020) < https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/locked-abusers-india-domestic-violence-surge-200415092014621.html> accessed 29 June, 2024.

[31] Elaine Enarson, ‘Violence Against Women in Disaster’ 5(7) SP (1999) 742.

[32] Melissa Godin, ‘As Cities Around the world Go on Lockdown, Victims of Domestic Violence Look for a Way Out’ (Time, 18 March 2020) <https://time.com/5803887/coronavirus-domestic-violence-victims/> accessed 5 July, 2024.

[33] Jhumka Gupta, ‘What does coronavirus mean for violence against women?’ (Women’s Media Centre, March 19, 2020) <https://womensmediacenter.com/news-features/what-does-coronavirus-mean-for-violence-against-women> accessed July 10, 2024.

[34] UN Women Rapid Assessment Survey, ‘Surveys show that COVID-19 has gendered effects in Asia and the Pacific’ (UN Women Hub, 28 April 2020) accessed 10 July, 2024.

[35] Ibid., preliminary results of four countries: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Maldives & Pakistan.

[36] Burgen, supra note 14.

Ana Bella, a survivor of abuse & the founder of ‘Fundación Ana Bella to fight gender violence’, said.

[37] ‘Amidst Coronavirus Pandemic, UNDP rings the alarm on domestic violence’, UNDP (24 April 2020) available at <https://www.eurasia.undp.org/content/rbec/en/home/stories/coronavirus-pandemic-albania-domestic-violence.html> accessed 02 June, 2024.

[38] Prosecutor v. Furundlija, Case No. IT-95- 17/l-T (10 December 1998) 159-164, 174, 186.

[39] Judith Lewis Herman, ‘Complex PSTD: A Syndrome in Survivors of Prolonged and Repeated Truma’ 0076 (1992) 5(3) JTS 383.

[41] Michael P. Johnson, ‘Patriarchal Terrorism and Common Couple Violence: Two Forms of Violence Against Women’ (1995) 57 JMF 283.

[42] Amnesty International, ‘Broken Bodies, Shattered Minds: Torture and Ill-treatment of Women’, Report Index no. ACT40/001/2001, March 6 2001 <http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engact4000l200l> accessed 13 July, 2024.

[44] Elizabeth M. Schneider, ‘Battered Women & Feminist Law Making’ 25 (Yale University Press, London, 2000).

[45] Judith Resnik, ‘Categorical Federalism: Jurisdiction, Gender, and the Globe’ (2001) 111 YLJ 619.

[46] Celina Romany, ‘State Responsibility Goes Private: A Feminist Critique of the Public/Private Distinction in International Human Rights Law’ in Rebecca J. Cook (ed.) Human Rights of Women: National Ans International Perspectives (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994) 85, 99.

[47] Deborah M. Weissman, ‘The Personal Is Political-and Economic: Rethinking Domestic Violence’ (2007) 2 BLR 387.

[48] Pualani Enos, ‘Prosecuting Battered Mothers: State Law's Failure to Protect Battered Women and Abused Children’ (1996) 19 HWLJ 229, 231.

[49] Isabel Marcus, ‘Refraining Domestic Violence: Terrorism in the Home’ in Martha A. Fineman, Roxanne & Mykitiuk (eds.) The Public Nature of Private Violence: The Discovery of Domestic Abuse 11 (Taylor and Francis, 1994) 26-27.

[50] Vicki Jackson, ‘What Judges Can Learn from Gender Bias Task Force Studies’ (July-Aug. 1997) 81 JUDICATURE 15.

[51] because, for example, the abuser may be the breadwinner, the father of the victim's children.

[52] Bonita Meyersfeld, ‘Domestic Violence, Health, And International Law’ (2008) 22(1) EILR 68.

[53] UK Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act, 2004.

[54] ‘Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme: Guidance’ (UK); ‘Disclosure Scheme for Domestic Abuse’ (Scotland).

[58] European Institute for Gender Equality, ‘Combating violence against women: France’ (2016) accessed 30 June, 2020.

[59] Aurelien Breeden, ‘France announces new measures to tackle domestic violence’, New York Times, 25 November 2019 available at <https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/25/world/europe/france-domestic-violence.html> accessed 14 July, 2024.

[61] Carmen Vives?Cases, ‘Intimate partner violence against women in Spain’, 60(8) (2006) JECH 652-653.

[62] Article 1, Sophie Mak, ‘China’s Hidden Epidemic: Domestic Violence’ (The Diplomat, 6 April 2020) <https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/chinas-hidden-epidemic-domestic-violence/>Accessed 12 July, 2024.

[65] Janette Akhilgova, ‘COVID-19 Conversations: Russia is Failing to Protect Victims of Domestic Violence’ (Equality Now, 1 May 2020) <https://www.equalitynow.org/covid_19_russia_dv> accessed 11 July, 2024.

[66] Flavia Agnes, ‘What Survivors of Domestic Violence Need from Their New Government’ (27 April 2019) 54 (17) EPW <https://www.epw.in/engage/article/what-survivors-domestic-violence-need-their-new> Accessed 20 July, 2024.

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
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[6] Jacqui True, ‘Gendered violence in natural disasters: Learning from New Orleans, Haiti and Christchurch’ 25(2) ANZSW (2013) 78.

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