Open Access Research Article
TRADEMARK CHALLENGES IN ONLINE GAMING INDUSTRIES IN INDIA: ANALYZING THE LEGAL CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD
Published Paper
Article Details
TRADEMARK CHALLENGES IN ONLINE GAMING INDUSTRIES IN INDIA: ANALYZING THE
LEGAL CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD
AUTHORED BY - SOURAV MANDAL
Research Scholar, CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
ABSTRACT
As digital spaces take over how consumers engage in India, the gaming
industry has grown into a complex area that includes console gaming, mobile
gaming, and online skill gaming. This quick change has led to big problems,
especially regarding intellectual property rights, where the issues of
trademark laws are highlighted. With many gaming companies and digital
platforms vying for market share, problems like trademark infringement, brand
dilution, and protecting intellectual property have grown. Additionally, the
mix of local laws and global gaming practices makes the regulatory landscape
more difficult, complicating trademark applications and protections. In light
of this, it is important to carefully look into these problems, leading to a
discussion on possible legal reforms and better protection strategies that can
help maintain brand identities in this fast-growing industry. The paper sheds
light on the dynamic change that mobile gaming industry has brought along with
several intellectual property right issues.
Keywords: Trademark Infringement, Gaming, Brand
Identities and Regulatory frameworks
1.
INTRODUCTION
Technology changes have greatly influenced online gaming in India,
making a varied and fast-growing industry[1].
With more smartphones available, mobile gaming has become the largest part,
drawing millions of players from different economic backgrounds. It is thought
that over 400 million people play mobile games, creating a large market that is
good for investment and new ideas. Additionally, the console gaming market,
while smaller, is starting to grow due to better access and more popular games.
The pandemic has also helped increase participation in both casual and
competitive gaming. The various types of gaming bring special challenges,
especially regarding intellectual property rights and registering trademarks,
which are important for protecting new ideas and brand identities in the
industry. As the sector continues to grow as shown below in the figure, dealing
with these trademark issues will be important for maintaining growth and
improving the competitive landscape of online gaming in India[2].
The above chart illustrates the user base in millions for different
gaming categories, specifically highlighting the dominance of mobile gaming
with 400 million users compared to console gaming, which has a user base of 30
million2.
The chart effectively visualizes the significant disparity between these two
categories, making it easy to understand the current landscape of gaming.
In the fast-changing gaming industry, which includes console, mobile,
and paid gaming, trademarks are very important for brand identity and success.
They protect unique aspects like game titles, logos, and character names, which
helps build brand loyalty among players and keeps developers safe from
imitation and fake products. In a competitive market, being able to tell
products apart is very important. Trademarks are vital in the gaming industry
since they help identify different games, safeguard the ideas of game creators,
and foster loyalty among gamers "Trademarks play a crucial role in the
gaming industry as they help to distinguish one game from another, protect the
intellectual property of game developers, and build brand loyalty among gamers."
Additionally, the growth of digital platforms has made trademarks necessary to
handle the challenges of online interactions, licensing deals, and
international markets. This shows how crucial they are for maintaining a
healthy gaming environment, especially with the issues in India’s legal system.
The rise of online gaming, including console, mobile, and pen-and-paper (PAP)[3] gaming,
brings several complexities that need careful study of trademark issues in
India. With this sector growing quickly and featuring new game designs and
changing consumer interactions, it is essential to look closely at how current
laws deal with these changes. This essay is set to shed light on the complex
legal situation, focusing on problems like trademark infringement and brand
protection in a digital space. By looking at case studies and current laws, it
will show the limits and possibilities of legal systems that manage
intellectual property in online gaming. Additionally, this discussion will also
consider how traditional protections and user-made changes affect creativity in
the industry, highlighting the tricky balance between legal limits and creative
expression (Seaman et al., 2022). In the end, this analysis aims to offer
guidance for online gaming companies in India on how to handle trademark
challenges[4].
2.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK GOVERNING TRADEMARKS IN INDIA
The legal rules about trademarks in India have a big effect on the
online gaming industry, which includes console, mobile, and pay-to-play gaming.
The Trade Marks Act of 1999 is key to this setup, as it lays out the rules for
trademark registration, protection, and enforcement. But the fast changes in
the gaming world often happen quicker than laws can keep up, creating issues
for protecting intellectual property online. Since online gaming platforms
often use trademarks for their brands, any violations can hurt their market
share, showing the need for strong legal actions. Furthermore, problems like
trademark squatting and piracy make it clear that the Indian legal system needs
to use new technology for better enforcement. It is crucial to combine legal
frameworks with industry insights—such as those found in “The IP Press website”—to
create a space where innovation and intellectual property rights can grow even
with new digital challenges. The laws about trademarks in India are mainly
governed by the Trade Marks Act, 1999. This law aims to balance what brand
owners want and what consumers need. A registered trademark is defined in
Section 2(1)(w) as one that is officially listed in the trademark register.
This sets up a formal way to protect against infringement and misuse. The Act
gives rules for how to register trademarks, but it's important to highlight
that registration is not required in India.
Therefore, brands can use unregistered trademarks as well "The
Trademarks Act, 1999, is the law prevailing in India for the protection of
trademarks. A registered trademark is defined under Section 2(1)(w) of the Act
as a trademark that is actually present on the register and remains in force.[5]"
This situation can create difficulties in the online gaming industry, where
fast technological changes and the rise of digital marketplaces can cause
trademark conflicts that make enforcement and compliance harder. As the gaming
industry grows—covering consoles, mobile, and online formats—suitable legal
solutions need to be created to tackle these issues quickly and effectively. Trademark
disputes in online gaming are made more complex by the Intellectual Property Appellate
Board (IPAB). This board is important for settling issues that come from
misusing or violating intellectual property rights. The IPAB was created to
improve efficiency in the Indian patent and trademark systems. It deals with
challenges that are unique to the digital and interactive gaming world, which
includes multiplayer games and different platforms like consoles and mobile
devices. As gaming technologies change quickly, the IPAB[6]
must interpret current laws in an environment marked by fast innovation and
many business models. Recent studies raise questions about whether the IPAB’s
decisions can keep up with these changes, aiming to clarify regulatory
uncertainties that could hinder creativity and growth in this profitable
industry ('Bloomsbury Academic', 2022). The growth of online gaming has changed
the way intellectual property is viewed, leading to a rise in trademark
disputes in different areas, including console and mobile gaming. As noted, “It
is tough to enforce trademark laws in the online gaming industry because of the
internet's global nature and how easily infringing content can spread”
"The enforcement of trademark laws in the online gaming industry is
particularly challenging due to the global nature of the internet and the ease
with which infringing content can be disseminated."[7]
This worldwide aspect makes the legal framework difficult, resulting in various
interpretations of the law in different countries. Additionally, fast
technological changes in gaming often move quicker than the current legal
protections, creating enforcement issues. In India, there is a lack of detailed
laws, which makes these problems even worse, putting rights holders at risk of
infringement. As a result, those involved must push for clearer legal
guidelines and flexible legal strategies to handle and reduce trademark
problems in this changing landscape.
3.
TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT ISSUES IN ONLINE GAMING
The quick change in online gaming in India has made trademark violation
issues more important on different platforms, like consoles, mobile, and PC
games[8]. As these areas expand, the
chance of brand confusion and weakening increases, making it difficult for
trademark law to do its job in protecting brand value. Many gaming companies
have found themselves in legal struggles over unauthorized trademark use, which
is often made worse by the broad reach of digital distribution methods. This
online setting makes it hard to enforce and monitor trademark use, with many
industry players taking reactive steps that fall behind new technologies
(Bastian et al., 2014). Additionally, as India deals with its own legal and
social situation, having a clear framework to tackle these problems is crucial
to ensure strong enforcement of intellectual property rights, fostering innovation,
and protecting brand identities in this growing field.
Trademark infringement in the gaming industry shows up in common ways,
affecting console, mobile, and play-to-game (PG) markets. Unauthorized use of
well-known gaming characters or logos can seriously weaken brands, which
worries established companies. For instance, many fan-made games or mods use
recognized trademarks without permission, making it hard to tell tribute from
infringement. Also, fake products that take advantage of popular gaming franchises
create more legal issues. As online gaming grows in India, unclear regulations
make enforcement harder, leading to uneven court decisions[9].
The urgency of these problems is highlighted in the statement, there are many
arguments and debates on how to tell apart games of skill from games of chance,
showing the need for clearer legal definitions regarding trademark use in
gaming "The growing gaming and gambling industry in India adds to an
increasingly complex system of law. There are many arguments and debates on how
to differentiate games of skill from games of chance as a large boom industry,
created by the rise in online gaming platforms especially fantasy sports, has
shown its face; however, legal issues on this front are serious."[10]
3.1.COMMON
TYPES OF TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT IN ONLINE GAMING
|
Infringement Type
|
Description
|
Examples
|
Recent Cases
|
|
Counterfeiting
|
Using a registered trademark without authorization to sell fake or
imitation products.
|
Creating and distributing fake game software that uses a well-known
trademark.
|
High-profile cases in 2022 where counterfeit game merchandise was
involved.
|
|
Dilution
|
Using a trademark in a manner that diminishes its uniqueness or brand
identity.
|
Using a popular game title in unrelated products or services.
|
Legal challenges faced by developers over unauthorized merchandise in
2021.
|
|
Cybersquatting
|
Registering domain names that are identical or similar to existing
trademarks to profit from their fame.
|
Buying domain names that are similar to popular gaming brands to sell
them at a higher price.
|
Cases reported in 2023 where companies were sued for cybersquatting on
famous gaming titles.
|
|
Parody and Fair Use
|
Using a trademark in a way that is arguably transformative or for
commentary.
|
Creating parody games that use trademarked elements for humor.
|
Legal disputes in 2022 over fair use claims in gaming content.
|
|
False Advertising
|
Misleading consumers by misrepresenting the source or nature of a
product.
|
Creating games that falsely claim to be affiliated with a major gaming
franchise.
|
Notable cases in 2023 where companies were penalized for false
advertising related to games.
|
Complex legal situations often show up in areas where technology and
creativity mix, leading to many trademark arguments, especially in India's growing
gaming field. The growth of console, mobile, and online gaming has caused
conflicts, with companies often clashing over brand image and how consumers
view them. For example, well-known cases like the dispute between two mobile
gaming creators reveal the stresses around trademark registration and usage
among similar products in a more competitive market. Additionally, the current
intellectual property laws often fail[11] to
meet the special needs of online platforms, making these conflicts worse, as
older ideas of trademark infringement don't fit well with the digital world.
These issues highlight the need for a clearer understanding of intellectual
property rights in this changing field, since existing legal rulings often do
not offer enough protection, which could harm innovation and consumer
confidence in the Indian gaming market.
3.2.
TRADEMARK
DISPUTES IN INDIAN ONLINE GAMING INDUSTRY
|
Case Study
|
Year
|
Issue
|
Outcome
|
|
2021
|
Trademark infringement over similar names.
|
Court ruled in favor of Game Loft SE.
|
|
|
Zynga Inc. Vs. Nazara Technologies
|
2022
|
Trademark encroachment on social gaming titles.
|
Ongoing litigation as of 2023.
|
|
Dream11 Vs. MPL
|
2021
|
Brand confusion leading to loss of revenue.
|
Mediation resulted in brand distinction.
|
|
Playtika Vs. Rummy Circle
|
2022
|
Use of similar game titles leading to trademark issues.
|
Court ruling awaited.
|
|
Maya Digital Studios Vs. ABC Games
|
2020
|
Copyright and trademark dispute regarding character design.
|
Settlement reached outside of court.
|
The spread of online gaming in India has raised worries about trademark
issues, greatly affecting brand image and trust among consumers.[13] As
cybercriminals take advantage of this growing market with fake products or
services, the risk of confusing consumers increases. A major result is the loss
of brand value; customers often see infringing products as signs of poor
quality or authenticity. As noted in a recent report, “If consumers believe
another company’s product or service is linked to your business, you may lose
customers, money, and reputation.” This erosion of trust can make gamers
hesitant to use specific platforms, which can lead to a decline in market share
for genuine brands. Therefore, the strength of the gaming industry depends on
strong trademark protection, making it vital for both the defense of brands and
the preservation of consumer trust in a more competitive online environment.
4.
CASE ANALYSIS
4.1.GLASS
EGG DIGITAL MEDIA VS. GAMELOFT INC
The
digital gaming scene has been greatly influenced by major businesses like Glass
Egg Digital Media and Gameloft Inc., both important to the field with their
unique methods and creative products. Glass Egg Digital Media, a 3D art studio
from Vietnam, focuses on making high-quality digital material for different
gaming systems, providing services that cover 3D design to full game asset
creation. On the other hand, Gameloft Inc., a worldwide leader in mobile game
development, is well-known for making fun games that frequently use advanced
tech to improve user enjoyment. When looking at the business models and
strategies of Glass Egg Digital Media and Gameloft Inc., it is clear that their
ways of working are very different, which affects how they stand in the market
and their competitive strengths. Glass Egg, as a specific 3D art studio,
concentrates on making high-quality digital assets[14] for
the gaming world, showing off its special skills and creativity. This focus
helps Glass Egg build strong relationships with big game developers, boosting
its reputation and customer loyalty. On the other hand, Gameloft Inc. takes on
a wider strategy by creating and publishing many mobile games, which attracts a
wide range of consumers and taps into mass-market trends. This varied approach
allows Gameloft to use economies of scale, increasing profits. Overall, the
different models show not just the specific operational focuses of each company
but also their different levels of sensitivity to market changes and
competitive challenges.[15] To wrap up, the legal conflict between Glass Egg Digital Media and
Gameloft Inc. highlights the complications of copyright law and business
responsibility in the gaming field. Glass Egg's claims of copyright violation
and trade secret theft spotlights the risks digital studios can face and the
potential for misuse that can arise from intricate corporate ties. The court
did acknowledge certain responsibilities about copyright infringement but also
emphasized the need for clearer explanations and links between the parties
involved, especially relating to agency roles and conspiratorial behaviors.
This case is a key reminder of how vital it is to safeguard intellectual
property rights in a time when creating digital content is more cooperative and
competitive. In the end, the result is likely to affect future methods and
legal standards in the industry, influencing how similar issues are approached
and settled.
4.2.MAYA
DIGITAL STUDIOS VS. ABC GAMES
This case study looks at the details
of their disagreement, highlighting important effects for the two companies and
the industry as a whole. The main issue involves claims of copyright
infringement, which not only put artistic expression to the test but also bring
up important concerns about who owns and protects original content. By
analyzing the factors that led to this legal situation, we aim to offer
analysis into how such conflicts influence corporate strategies and change
competitive behaviors in the gaming industry. The importance of the case study
of these two companies is not just about its possible effects on intellectual
property rights and fair competition, but also about how it shows wider trends
in the industry. As studios create new ideas to grab audience interest, the
changing nature of digital storytelling and interactive experiences becomes
very important[16]. In the fast-changing world of
gaming and digital media, Maya Digital Studios shows how to be innovative with
its advanced digital production system[17], which is very different from the
old methods used by ABC Games. Maya Digital Studios uses a flexible system that
combines teamwork with modern digital tools, creating a creative space that can
adapt to what projects need and what the market wants (Bettis et al., 2005).
This method not only makes production easier but also improves creative
results, enabling quicker reactions to what consumers want. On the other hand,
ABC Games sticks to traditional methods that often divide processes, making it
less flexible and stifling new ideas. By sticking to strict structures, ABC
Games risks lagging behind in an industry that rapidly changes with new
technologies and changing audience expectations. Therefore, this comparison
shows that Maya's innovative strategies could give it a competitive edge that
may change industry norms, leading to more success in a more competitive market.
The case of Maya Digital Studios against ABC Games shows the complicated mix of
art and technology in the digital entertainment world. The results show that
while new methods in computer graphics have significantly improved, they also
require a serious reconsideration of how digital images stick to or stray from
old standards of realism. As mentioned, “...the remarkable technical progress
in algorithmically generated human figures is matched by a striking lack of
awareness of visual culture history”[18]. The case study of Maya Digital
Studios and ABC Games shows important points about the changing gaming
industry, especially regarding intellectual property rights and competition.
The main findings indicate that if protections for original content are not
strictly applied, innovation and creativity may suffer, which could lead to
monopolies that limit variety in game development. Also, the disputes
highlighted the need for clearer legal rules that can keep up with fast
technological changes and new platforms in the field. As the industry grows, it
also affects what consumers expect, with players wanting unique experiences
rather than the same gameplay over and over. This situation emphasizes the
importance of both small studios and big companies needing to build
collaborative environments that support innovation while safeguarding creators’
rights, which will help create a more inclusive and diverse future for the
gaming industry.
5.
REGULATORY CHALLENGES
AND COMPLIANCE
The online gaming industry in India is growing, but it faces many
complex rules that affect compliance and how it operates. The mix of different
game types—console, mobile, and pay-to-play—makes trademark law more
complicated, especially in a fast-changing digital world[19].
Various game formats bring different legal rules, forcing companies to deal
with a confusing set of regulations that may not be enforced consistently.
Additionally, gray markets make things harder because unauthorized sales of
gaming products threaten brand reputation and profits, showing the need for a
clear regulatory framework (Bicen et al., 2011). It is important for everyone
in the online gaming sector to work with government bodies to create clear rules
that protect trademarks while encouraging innovation and market growth, keeping
pace with global digital commerce[20]. The
mixing of technology and legal rules brings special problems for the online
gaming industry in India, especially with trademark protection. The online
gaming world—involving consoles, mobile, and pay-to-play games—changes quickly,
but current laws often fall behind, causing confusion for both developers and
players. The lack of clear laws on intellectual property leads to frequent trademark
violations, hurting local gaming businesses. Different rules across states lead
to varied enforcement practices and inconsistent views on trademark rights.
Also, the nature of online platforms makes it harder to follow and enforce
these rules. Studies show the need for a unified legal approach that brings
different types of gaming under one system, promoting innovation and
safeguarding intellectual property.[21]
To support strong growth, a reformed legal framework should be a key
focus in discussions about online gaming in India. In dealing with the
difficult issues of trademarks in India's online gaming market, the rules set
by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) are very
important. As digital platforms grow in the console, mobile, and pay-to-play
(pg) gaming areas, MeitY's role in creating policies to protect intellectual
property becomes more important. By encouraging efforts to create a safe and
clear digital space, MeitY is trying to tackle the increasing problems related
to online piracy and trademark violations. Additionally, the Ministry works
with industry partners to build a strong environment where innovation can grow
along with strong legal protections. This proactive strategy matches with
findings from recent reports that stress the need for better rules to protect
intellectual property rights, especially given the unique challenges of the
fast-changing gaming sector in India[22].
Looking at the complicated Indian gaming industry shows that there are
big compliance issues that slow down its growth and sustainability. The mix of
different gaming areas such as console, mobile, and online skill-based
games—makes following the law more complicated because each area has its own
set of rules[23].
Problems like unclear definitions of gaming and gambling add to compliance
issues; for example, different state laws about what a legal game is can
confuse both operators and players. Additionally, strict rules about data
protection, intellectual property rights, and consumer rights require gaming
companies to pay careful attention[24].
These companies must ensure they follow changing regulations and also take
steps to reduce risks connected to trademark violations, which happen often due
to the lack of a unified policy[25]. As
a result, having a comprehensive compliance plan that tackles these issues is
crucial for a successful gaming industry in India.
|
Challenges
|
Percentage Impacted (%)
|
Comments
|
|
Adherence to Local Regulations
|
68
|
Many companies struggle to comply with various state regulations.
|
|
Licensing Requirements
|
54
|
Obtaining the necessary licenses proves to be cumbersome.
|
|
Tax Compliance
|
62
|
Diverse tax laws across states complicate compliance.
|
|
Consumer Protection Laws
|
45
|
Ensuring compliance with consumer rights regulations poses challenges.
|
|
Data Privacy Regulations
|
70
|
Companies find it difficult to meet stringent data protection
requirements.
|
|
Advertising Restrictions
|
53
|
Restrictions on advertising lead to reduced market visibility.
|
6.
CONCLUSION
The change of trademark law in India’s growing online gaming industry
brings both problems and chances for change. With console gaming, mobile
gaming, and the poker gaming sector growing, issues related to intellectual
property rights become clearer. The mix of creativity, innovation, and legal
protection requires a careful plan for trademark enforcement, where companies
manage the need to encourage new ideas while also protecting their brand names.
Recent talks highlight the importance of a legal system that recognizes the
special features of digital gaming and uses user-driven innovation as a key
part of development[26].
With new technologies coming up, it is important to find a balance between
protecting intellectual property and keeping the industry lively and open,
encouraging teamwork that boosts creativity without limiting it[27].
So, smart regulations could lead to a stronger gaming environment.
The gaming industry in India has many problems with trademark
protection, especially in console gaming, mobile gaming, and the growing
skill-based gaming area. Important findings show that the fast growth of these
markets, along with the online nature of play, has made it easier for trademark
violations to happen. Also, the absence of strong regulatory laws makes it
harder for developers and publishers to protect their trademark rights.
Furthermore, recent studies highlight the big gaps in consumer knowledge of
intellectual property rights, which makes it tougher to protect trademarks in
gaming21. To deal with these issues, it is
important to look at new legal options and teamwork strategies to strengthen
the legal system for trademarks in the Indian online gaming sector21. The growing online gaming industry in
India has many trademark protection problems that need active steps for
betterment. To create a better legal setting, involved parties should think
about using a strong system like the Gross Gaming Revenue (GGR) tax model that
has worked well in other nations, improving rule-following and industry
development. Using this model could create a more official atmosphere, cutting
down on domain farming, which harms brand reputation and trust among consumers.
Also, setting up a central database for trademark registrations focused on the
gaming industry would make things clearer and help resolve disputes over
infringements quickly. As mentioned, “most countries with successful online
gaming sectors use the Gross Gaming Revenue (GGR) tax model, with rates between
15-20 percent,” showing a clear direction for improving rules that not only
protect trademarks but also support sustainable practices in the industry.
Technological advances are changing how entertainment works, and the
online gaming industry in India is set for big growth. This growth is driven by
more people using smartphones, cheaper internet, and a growing young population
that wants to use interactive media. Mobile gaming is becoming very popular
because of local content and new game designs, making it the easiest and most
loved way for Indian users. Also, competitive gaming and esports are becoming
more common, showing a trend toward more advanced interactions, which brings up
new issues regarding licensing and trademarks. However, the industry faces a
tough legal environment, with intellectual property rights being looked at more
closely[28].
Tackling these trademark issues through strong legal systems and working
together in the industry will be key to promoting ongoing growth, protecting
creators, and keeping the gaming ecosystem safe in India’s fast-changing
digital market.
[1] Tanay Gupte, The Pursuit of
Innovation: An Analysis of International Competitive Advantage in a Globalized
Knowledge Economy, (2018), https://core.ac.uk/reader/157699950
(Last accessed Sept 28, 2024)
[2] Innovation,
Economic Development, and Intellectual Property in India and China: Comparing
Six Economic Sectors (K.-C. Liu & U. S. Racherla ed., Springer
Nature Singapore) (2019), https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-13-8102-7
(Last accessed Sept 28, 2024)
[3] Christopher B Seaman & Thuan
Tran, Intellectual Property and Tabletop Games,
https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1734&context=wlufac
[4] Ivan Savin et al., Topic-based
classification and identification of global trends for startup companies, 60 Small Business Economics 659–689 (2023),
https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11187-022-00609-6
(Last accessed Nov 22, 2024)
[5] Section
59 of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 iPleaders,
https://blog.ipleaders.in/section-59-of-the-trade-marks-act-1999/
(Last accessed Nov 22, 2024)
[6] Ramesh
Subramanian, Access to Knowledge
in India: New Research on Intellectual Property, Innovation and Development
(Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 1st ed) (2011)
[7] IP
Infringements on the Internet – Some Legal Considerations wipo-magazine, https://www.wipo.int/web/wipo-magazine
(Last accessed Nov 22, 2024)
[8] Venessa Bastin et al., Measuring
Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights, SSRN
Electronic Journal (2014), https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=4095117
(Last accessed Nov 26, 2024)
[9] Ibid
[10] Is
it lawful? The Growing Use of Gaming and Betting in India IPLF, https://www.ipandlegalfilings.com/is-it-lawful-the-growing-use-of-gaming-and-betting-in-india/
(Last accessed Nov 26, 2024)
[11]The
roaring success of online gaming: Urgency to protect Indian innovations and IPs, https://www.barandbench.com/columns/the-roaring-success-of-online-gaming-industry-should-create-an-urgency-to-protect-indian-innovations-and-ips
(Last accessed Nov 26, 2024)
[12] Glass
Egg Digital Media v. Gameloft, Inc., Case No. 17-cv-04165-MMC | Casetext Search
+ Citator, https://casetext.com/case/glass-egg-digital-media-v-gameloft-inc
(last accessed Dec 13, 2024)
[14] Ulrich
Götz & Andri Gerber, Architectonics
of Game Spaces: The Spatial Logic of the Virtual and Its Meaning for the Real
(Transcript) (2019)
[16] Shoma
Munshi, Prime Time Soap Operas on
Indian Television (Routledge India 2) (2020)
[17] Beata Zawadka, Theamatic
Session with focus on American Cinema, Polish
Journal for American Studies , https://paas.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PJAS-16-scalone.pdf
(Last accessed Dec 14, 2024)
[18] WU, Jie. 2011. "THE REALISM
OF ALGORITHMIC HUMAN FIGURES A Study of Selected Examples 1964 to 2001". https://core.ac.uk/download/46919283.pdf (Last accessed Dec 25, 2024.)
[19] Pelin Bicen & Naveen Gudigantala,
Gray Market for Information Technology (IT) Products: Status, Implications, and
Strategies to Address the IT Gray Market Threat, 29 Communications of the Association for Information Systems
(2011), https://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/vol29/iss1/10
(Last accessed Dec 25, 2024)
[20] Michael Geist, Cyberlaw 2.0, 44 ResearchGate 37 (2024), https://core.ac.uk/download/7145663.pdf
(Last accessed Dec 25, 2024)
[21] Hailey
J. Austin et al., InGAME
international pathway to collaboration: Collaboration in Games UK-China
(Abertay University) (2024), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1POu8cVRWXE
(Last accessed Dec 25, 2024)
[22] Aswin
Punathambekar & Sriram Mohan, Global
Digital Cultures: Perspectives from South Asia (University of Michigan
Press) (2019)
[23] (PDF)
Learning Outcomes of Classroom Research ResearchGate,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358050961_Learning_Outcomes_of_Classroom_Research
(Last accessed Dec 31, 2024)
[26] Christopher B Seaman & Thuan
Tran, Intellectual Property and Tabletop Games, https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1734&context=wlufac
[27] Andrew W Torrance & Bill
Tomlinson, Patents and The Regress of Useful Arts, , https://core.ac.uk/reader/161434390
(Last accessed Dec 31, 2024)
[28] Anupam Chander, The Electronic
Silk Road: How the Web Binds the World in Commerce, Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works (2013), https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/2297
Article Information
TRADEMARK CHALLENGES IN ONLINE GAMING INDUSTRIES IN INDIA: ANALYZING THE LEGAL CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD
Authors: SOURAV MANDAL
- Journal IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Published 2025/02/28
- Issue 7
About Journal
International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis
- Abbreviation IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Access Open Access
- License CC 4.0
All research articles published in International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis are open access and available to read, download and share, subject to proper citation of the original work.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis.