IMPACT ON CHINA AND GOOGLE DUE TO GOOGLE’S EXIT- BASED ON GOVERNANCE, POWER STRUCTURE AND GLOBAL ECONOMY BY - DR.S.UMA MAHESWARI

IMPACT ON CHINA AND GOOGLE DUE TO GOOGLE’S EXIT- BASED ON GOVERNANCE, POWER STRUCTURE AND GLOBAL ECONOMY
 
AUTHORED BY - DR.S.UMA MAHESWARI,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE, CHENGALPATTU.
 
 
 
Abstract
This article widely speaks about Google’s exit from mainland of China and its impact on both. For the purpose of above China’s Foreign policy and its domestic reforms, China’s Economic policy and Globalisation, Sino-USA relationship have been analysed. Globalisation was created with a motto to improve trade and develop economy of world countries, allows people to access goods and services available at one place by people all over the world, without disturbing the values and culture of the market. This article broadly discusses on the purpose of Globalisation is to create one world, one market peacefully but, the purpose may be served wrong, if Globalisation is used to pull legs of one country by the other. War may result from various reasons; Globalization may be one among them. Though globalization has been evolved for purpose of liberalized economy, its results could be more realistic. So in future “War could be an illicit child of Globalisation.”
 
Key words
China, Google’s Exit, Globalisation, Economic policy of China, Domestic Reforms of China, Sino-USA relationship, war.
 
 
“We must create a kind of globalization that works for everyone... and not just for a few.”
Nestor Kirchner[1]
 
 
Introduction
For development of a country in to super power, state should be in a position to balance national and international interest, because improper balance will create a question of stability of the state. The billion dollar question arises here is what are the strategies that could be used by states in balancing the national and international interest-answer is structuring of foreign policy of a state in accordance to its domestic policy. Here we are to discuss about impact on China’s economy and Google’s future after Google’s exit from China. In order to understand the impacts the following are analysed like China’s foreign policy and domestic reforms, China’s Economic policy and Globalization, Sino-USA relationship. Schools of international relations theories, have a consistent view that China’s behaviour is very much in keeping with a growing great power .To use the terminology from work by Schweller, China has not developed into a “jackal” state, protective of what it has but also willing to go to great lengths to gain more power and goods, but more of a “lion” state, very willing to protect what it has but unwilling to take great risks in acquiring more(Schweller.L.R:1994:72-107).[2] In conclusion Schweller’s terminology comes true as China’s communist parties idea always represent the requirements of China’s advanced productive  forces ,the orientation of the development of China’s advanced culture and fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China. So China could not risk the domestic peace in terms of globalization. In turn it would remain isolated and face the economic crisis that would be caused by the exit of Google on other hand Google’s exit would not cause much impact other than unemployment to people working in Google which could be balanced instead allowing the uncensored material and causing political unrest. 
 
China’s Foreign policy and its domestic reforms
The rise of China within the international system has been indicated as one of the important breakthrough of this century .Lots have been written and read on China’s growth in power often referred to as a “rise” from an isolated state to regional power to a budding great power skilled of exercising much power not only within the Asia-Pacific region but also increasing internationally .The growth and influence could be seen in many international relations areas, from security to economy to culture and the environment ,all which leads to the question of the direction the country will take from here. Will it become a great power beside United States, and, if it does, what kind of great power will it be? Though in numerous situations the development of China is considered to be a peaceful development, the main issue here is whether it will be able to sustain its development? (Lanteigne,2010:10)[3]Assuming China continues to gain power, these questions become ever more important in understanding changes to Chinese foreign policy.
 
In the time span of sixty years, China’s foreign policy was interested only in national development whereas now area has increased to include international relations concerns. Identifying a clear separation between China’s domestic political interest and its foreign policy can be very difficult, as the number of Chinese international interests and responsibilities grow and more actors, both individuals and groups, within China become involved with global affairs.
 
Chinese foreign policy is the question of nationalism. This is because ,Beijing still has to undertake frequent balancing between its domestic interests ,including improving standards of living ,promoting stability and continuing with the process of governmental reform begun in the late 1970’s ,while developing a modern foreign policy .This ongoing process of simultaneous government bargaining in domestic and foreign relations ,often referred to as a ‘two-level game’, has become ever more complex in the Chinese case (D.Putnam, 1993).[4]
 
China’s Economic policy and Globalisation
The most important branch among Foreign policy is that of economic policy as it has major influence on China’s growth and its international relations. The transformation of China from an isolated command economy to one of the largest market forces in the world in the space of thirty years is unimaginable in the history .Since China’s economy has rapidly opened up to the world and the country attempted to make up for lost time, beginning with the solicitation of international economic interests ,starting with financial assistance and later with international investment in the 1980s .In late 1990’s ,Beijing began to encourage Chinese firms to ‘go out’ and other country firms to ‘come in’ ,in order to join the international market ,creating global brands and joining with foreign partners. China is very late to join Globalisation as it contrast ideas to CCP as it would cause political unrest, but still it has more impact of Globalisation. 
Apart swift progress of Globalistaion, Beijing has been very definite about sustaining its sovereignty and has repelled international calls for greater democracy and human rights, saying Beijing will address issues only where China is contented. This means multinational corporation should set up their standards according to Chinese law.
 
Sino-USA relationship
Most of Chinese foreign policy in the area of state –state  policy is based on Maoist doctrine of five principles of peaceful co-existence ,which calls for “mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty ,mutual non-aggression ,mutual  non-interference in each other’s internal affairs ,equality and mutual benefit and peaceful co-existence ”.Today in addition to strong state –centric views on state sovereignty ,Chinese foreign policy is guided by “four no’s ”as “no hegemony ,no power politics ,no  military alliances and no arm racing” (A.Cossa, Summer/Fall1999)[5]. However  many see China as a  potential threat suggest that the state may be waiting until its strength is further increased before gradually shedding these ideals and behaving more like traditional rising powers.Beijing has countered these views with the assertion that it is interested in peaceful rising in the international system and wishes to promote greater international harmony.As Chinese president Hu Jintao stated in his keynote speech at CCP’s 17th National Congress in Beijing in October 2007 ,Beijing wishes to promote better and fairer international relations through expanded co-operation and development:
“Politically, all countries should respect each other and conduct consultations on an equal footing in a common endeavor to promote democracy in international relations. Economically, they should cooperate with each other, draw on each other’s strengths and work together to advance economic globalization in the direction of balanced development, shared benefits and win-win progress.” (Document of the 17th Congress of the communist party of China ,2007).[6]
So the doubt regarding China being developing as a threat to the world is absolutely a wrong presumption, because in no way their foreign policy projects on hegemonic status whereas it mainly focuses on economic development with a peaceful rise. So the question China rising as a hegemonic power in competition to USA is incorrect.
 
Issue that lead to Google’s exit from China
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu claims that China’s Internet is “open” and that the government encourages what it called “the healthy development of the Internet” to create a positive environment" Like other countries, China controls the Internet according to law," Jiang said. "Our relevant management measures are in line with common international practice. I also wants to stress that China welcomes International Internet businesses developing services in China according to the law.”[7]
Still within the existing economic theories on globlisation, the Google –China dispute is a new kind of case. Censorship of Google posted material and accessing the Gmail accounts of some human rights activist by Chinese government in the name of Internet management laws were claimed to be Human rights violation by the Google as there was no freedom of press and expression. So Google   decided to exit China due to moral outrage at the recent hacker attacks on its infrastructure.
 
Whether there would be any change in Chinese economy after Google exit?
Can China’s market right choices without a free press? Side effects of censorship are more without free press and open society, fundamental rights are curtailed. But according to Chinese government Internet management laws, information censorship keeps political unrest under control. It’s unfair for Google to blame Chinese government for letting its information censored as it was in prior hand informed that it has to follow Chinese law, if it has to do its buisness. Globalisatiion has the rule imbibed in it that the MNC’s and Transnational Corporation could Carry on trade in it by following the values , culture and law of the main land. There is no wrong on Chinese government. China being a very big country with large population Google’s exit will not dumb its economy as there are other search engines like Baidu who can follow China’s Internet management laws.   
 
Whether Google would be affected in any way due to its exit?
Google, took a big step and decided to opt out of China. Whether it was its inability to cope with competition from Baidu or its moral outrage at the recent hacker attacks on its infrastructure. This is the first Western company to say no to China.Though it’s a smart move by google as  Baidu their rival has captured more than 64 percent of China’s Internet search market in the first quarter, up from 58.4 percent in the fourth quarter, while Google’s share fell to 31 percent from 35.6 percent[8] (according to the research company Analysys International).The research company Analysys international says that Google is going to lose about $600 million in revenue this year alone from China. On the other hand it will lose a large market like China to trade in.
 
Conclusion
It is often portrayed by the Chinese government that Google's move as "political”. Because US foreign policy goal is to promote freedom Secondly the US government can use US companies as instruments of US foreign policy thirdly Google’s exit from China is therefore advancing US foreign policy goals. So if Google leaves China it can influence other technology companies to follow Google and leave China as well, potentially destroying the Great Fire Wall (Golden Shield) of Internet controls. Google does indeed have a lot of influence and can set a standard in global business practices. And finally to speak about Google’s exit is not China’s mistake as its foreign policy is clearly framed in accordance with rules of nationalism, and it was clear from the beginning that Google if it has to set business in China has to follow Internet Management laws available there .So it was only Google who unnecessarily created hue and cry in order to  create an immoral tag over China in midst of World trading countries and other Companies who have established and willing to establish their trade in China .And to critically comment over it Google’s exit is another drama or conspiracy by USA ,to confuse world countries and depict China to be self-centered country and to prevent its fast growth in to great power.  Economically China will not have any loss; there will be loss only for Google. Its indeed a smart move as Google’s adieu to China was to save itself from losing its share in front of its strengthening rival company Baidu. So it’s clear that we must create a kind of globalization that works for everyone... and not just for a few or else Globalisation will be weapon of mass destruction in the hands of world countries to exploit and destroy each other. Though globalization has been evolved for purpose of liberalized economy its results could be more realistic.
 
ABBREVATIONS
CCP-Communist   Party of China
USA-United States of America
MNC-Multi National Corporation
BIBLIOGRAPHY
(2007). Document of the 17th Congress of the Communist Party of China. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.
A.Cossa, R. (Summer/Fall1999). US-Japan-China Relations :Can Three -Part Harmony be Sustained? (Vol. 6(2)). The Brown Journal of International affairs.
D.Putnam, H. K. (1993). Double -Edged Diplomacy:International Bargaining and Domestic Politics. Berkeley: University Of California press.
Lanteigne, M. (2010). Chinese Foreign Policy-Introduction (2010 ed.). New York: Routledge.
Randall L.Schweller ,”Bandwagoning for profit :Bringing the Revisionist State Back In “,International security 19(1) (Summer 1994):72-107.
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/globalization_3.html#ixzz1bzPsgkEf:(Accessed on 26.10.2011)
Randall L.Schweller ,”Bandwagoning for profit :Bringing the Revisionist State Back In “,International security 19(1) (Summer 1994):72-107:(Accessed on 26.10.2011)
http://www.rferl.org/content/GoogleChina_Row_Could_Reflect_A_New_Era_Of_Internet_Control__/1929782.html:(Accessed on 26.10.2011)
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/30/technology/30baidu.html:( Accessed on 26.10.2011)

[2] Randall L.Schweller ,”Bandwagoning for profit :Bringing the Revisionist State Back In “,International security 19(1) (Summer 1994):72-107.
[3] Lanteigne, M. (2010). Chinese Foreign Policy-Introduction (2010 ed.). New York: Routledge.p-10
[4] ((eds)) D.Putnam, H. K. (1993). Double -Edged Diplomacy:International Bargaining and Domestic Politics. Berkeley: University Of California
[5] A.Cossa, R. ((Summer/Fall1999)US-Japan-China Relations :Can Three -Part Harmony be Sustained? (Vol. 6(2)). The Brown Journal of International affairs.
[6] (2007). Document of the 17th Congress of the Communist Party of China. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.