Open Access Research Article
CONSUMER FRAUD AGAINST TOURISTS IN INDIA
Published Paper
Article Details
CONSUMER FRAUD AGAINST
TOURISTS IN INDIA
AUTHORED BY - JYOTI KUMBHAR
ABSTRACT
India is a paradise for tourists because it is a mosaic center of
multicultural experiences such as
spectacular landscapes, rich and finest architectural heritage, the largest
tiger reserve, serene ghats, and other myriad attractions. Tourism is one of the rapidly
growing sectors of India as it generates
a hugelevel of employment as well as revenue. Therefore, the localities must respect the tourists and
not defraud them, also not to make bucks by fooling them in some scams or frauds. In this paper,
the author has discussed
the various types of consumer frauds that happen in India by providing
case studies from different states and what redressal and preventive measures
can be taken against these frauds.
Keywords: Consumer Frauds, Tourism, Defraud,
Redressal, Preventive measures
I.
INTRODUCTION
India is a culturally rich and diverse
country that attracts
millions of tourists
worldwide each year. From
ancient monuments to bustling markets, picturesque landscapes and unique traditions, India offers a
captivating travel experience. However,like any other travel destination tourists in India may also be vulnerable to
consumer fraud, where dishonest practices and scams target unsuspecting visitors.
Consumer fraud refers to
deceptive and unlawful activities carried out by individuals or businesses to exploit tourists
for financial gain,
These fraudulent schemes
can range from petty scams to more elaborate and organized efforts, leading to significant financial
losses for tourists and tarnishing their overall travel
experience.
II.
RATIONAL AND SIGNIFICANCE
This article review is
useful to Practicing Lawyers, Law students and also to layman. The researcher will discuss, with
examples, the problems arising out ofcreating such a proprietary system of consumer fraud of tourist. Consumer
fraudagainst tourist in India has a
wide ranging implications that affect not only the tourist themselves but also
the tourist industry, the reputation of the country
as a travel destination, and overall economy.
III.
AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
i.
To
search whether this article is useful for law profession person.
ii.
To
find out whether this article can be understood by laymen.
iii.
To
study the Central idea of this article.
iv.
To
shed light on some common consumer fraud practices that tourists might
encounter in India and provide useful tips to help travelers protectthemselves
from falling victim to such scams.
v.
To
compare this article with other literature of same author.
IV.
HYPOTHESIS OF RESEARCH
i.
This book is useful for law profession and laymen.
ii.
Book Suggesting Solutions, Sufficient to eradicate The problem of consumer fraud.
The hypothesis of this study has been proved. The hypothesis has been tested
under the contents
of the Book review
which has thoroughly studied consumer fraud in India.
V.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
i.
Critical Analysis:
The critical analysis
of consumer fraud againsttourists in India should assess
the research's scope, data collection methods, and effectiveness of preventive measures.
It should evaluate
the credibility of data, stakeholder perspectives, and ethical considerations. Additionally, it
should consider the impact assessment, feasibility of recommendations, and overall
validity of the research's findings.
A comprehensive critical analysis can identify strengths and weaknesses, contribute to knowledge, and guide future
efforts to combatconsumer fraud and protect tourists
in India.
Researcher will use
this model to critically analyse
this article
ii.
Comparative Model:
This method
of research makes effort to examinedifferent legal systems and tries to ascertain which system or set of rulesare ideal for a given
society.[1]
comparative analysis
conducted to benchmark
consumer fraud in India against
other countries.
iii.
Evaluative model:
An evaluative model of consumer
fraud against tourists
in India involves
assessing the effectiveness of existing measures
and interventions in combating fraud and protecting tourists. It aims to identify
strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement consumer.
VI.
DEMOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR AND THE ARTICLE
a)
AUTHOR AS AN ACADEMICIAN
Gayatri Gunjal's journey as a research scholar at the
University of Kota embodies her commitment to academic excellence, her passion
for research, andher desire to make a meaningful impact in her chosen field. As
she continues her quest for knowledge, her contributions to academia and the
community aresure to leave a lasting legacy.
b)
DEMOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION OF THE
ARTICLE
Consumer fraud against tourist in
India which is recognized by expert in the field of law. Published by Indian
journal law ang legal research. Consumer fraud against tourists in India it
consist of a total 14 pages.
c)
OTHER LITERATURE OF THE SAME AUTHOR
Other literature of same author is the “The
Confluence of Judicial Guidelines and Justice”
their contributions aid in refining the relationship between judicial
guidelines and the ultimate goal of
justice, paving the way for a more robust andcompassionate legal landscape.
VII.
ARTICLE
AS A WHOLE
a)
FIRST LOOK OF THE ARTICLE
The cover page is white in colour
with the name of the article, author and publishers’ information. The front
pages cover with attractive image which suit to title of the article. The Pages
consists of 17.
The first page of the
Article starts with the name “Consumer fraud against tourist in india” of the Article and after followed
by Introduction of the writer
including his name,
and details about his profession. The first page of the Article also has
the name of the Publication, where this
Article has been published.
On the first look at
the Article, the researcher recognised that the Article consists of 17 pages which is short and simple to read
and can be easily understood by a layman. The
writer has used simple
language in this Book to communicate his views effectively.
The researcher at the first look felt that this
Book is interesting to read.
b)
SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE
Consumer fraud against tourists in India is a prevalent
issue that poses challenges to both travellers and the tourism
industry. The impact of consumer fraud can be significant, leading to financial losses
for tourists and a negative
experience during their
trip. Moreover, it can harm the reputation of India as a tourist destination, deter potential visitors,
and affect the overall tourist
industry's growth. Government authorities, tourism agencies,
and local businesses also play a critical role in addressing consumer fraud by implementing regulations, providing
consumer education, and taking
proactivemeasures to protect tourists from fraudulent activities. By promoting transparency, accountability, and ethical
practices, India can foster a safer and more
enjoyable experience for tourists, strengthening its position as a preferred travel destination.
c) THEME/ RESEARCH AREA/ CENTRAL IDEA OF THE ARTICLE
The article emphasizes the various types of consumer
fraud that tourists
may encounter, such as currency exchange scams,
overpricing, fake tour packages, credit card fraud, and transportation scams. It stresses
the vulnerability of tourists due to their unfamiliarity with local customs
and regulations, making them easy targets for fraudsters.
It highlights the need for tourists to research prices
and services, use reputable vendors,
and be cautious about sharing personal and financial information.
Additionally, it stresses the importance of collaboration between
government authorities, tourism
agencies, businesses, and tourists themselves to create a safe and trustworthy environment for travelers.
The research is to bring attention to the issue of consumer
fraud against touristsin India, its impact,
and the measures that can be taken to protect
tourists and promote
a positive and secure travel experience in the country.
d)
CONTENTS OF THE ARTICLE
There are a total 5 points
in this article. Those are as
follows:
Introduction.
The human race has become diligent in the art of
obtaining goods and services to
fulfill their basic needs with a goal of having a hassle-free lifestyle as the world has paced
toward technological advancement. Consumers are the people who use these
amenities. Consumer practices today carry a significant risk because fraud against consumers is commonplace. Consumer frauds
are illegal or dishonest acts that deceive consumers
and cause them to lose money or other types of property. Consumer fraud is widespread across all economic sectors,
including banking, food, manufacturing, etc.
These frauds affect
not only the citizens of a nation
but also visitors
from other countries. Consumer fraud against tourists in India is a serious problem
that can ruin visitors' impressions
of the nation. Tourists frequently experience different types of consumer fraud, such as scams, overcharging, misrepresentation, and other dishonest practices that can result in
financial losses and have a detrimental effect on how they view India in general. Tourists must be aware of
potential scams and take precautions to protect themselves, even though it's important to note that not all
interactions in India involve fraud.
Consumer fraud against
foreign tourists in India can be avoided
by being informed
and watchful. Travelers should compare prices
locally, exercise caution
when interacting with unknown vendors,
and think about using reputable booking sites and transportation services. Maintaining awareness of
regional customs and practices, such as haggling over prices in markets, is also crucial. Tourists should also
exercise caution when disclosing financial
and personal information and keep their belongings secure.
Government initiatives, better rules, and increased awareness campaigns
to inform tourists and local businesses about fair and ethical practices
in the tourism industry may be
used to address consumer fraud against foreign tourists in India. Travelers to
India can enjoy a more enjoyable
and secure trip by being
prepared and exercising
caution.
Meaning and rights
of the consumer
The term
"consumer" refers to an individual or entity that purchases or uses
goods and services for personal use or consumption. Consumers play a central
role in the modern market economy, as they drive demand for products and
services, ultimately influencing the production and distribution of goods. To
protect the interests of consumers and ensure fair and ethical business
practices, various consumer rights have been established. These rights are
typically associated with the concept of consumer protection. Here are the
commonly recognized consumer rights:
Right to
Safety: Consumers have the right to expect that the products they purchase are
safe to use. This includes protection from hazardous or substandard goods that
could harm their health or well-being. Product safety regulations and quality
standards are in place to uphold this right.
Right to
Information: Consumers have the right to receive accurate and complete
information about the products and services they purchase. This includes clear
and truthful labeling, advertising, and disclosure of relevant details like
ingredients, pricing, and terms and conditions.
Right to
Choose: Consumers should have a variety of options and choices in the
marketplace. This allows them to make informed decisions based on their
preferences, needs, and budget. Anti-monopoly and anti-competitive practices aim
to protect this right.
Right to be
Heard: Consumers have the right to express their opinions, concerns, and
complaints about products and services. Businesses should provide mechanisms
for consumers to address grievances and seek resolutions.
Right to
Redress: If a product or service fails to meet the agreed-upon standards or
causes harm, consumers have the right to seek compensation, refunds, or
replacements. Legal and regulatory systems are in place to facilitate such
remedies.
Right to
Consumer Education: Consumers have the right to access information and
resources that help them make informed choices. This includes education about
their rights and responsibilities as consumers
Right to a
Healthy Environment: In some contexts, this right is extended to the protection
of the environment and sustainable consumption, as consumer choices can have a
significant impact on ecological and environmental health.
These are the rights of the consumer
but nowadays in India, tourists
face lots of fraud in the
cities. Here in this article, we will be focusing on the what are the fraud in
the India facing by tourist.
i.
Kinds of consumer fraud against tourist in India
There are several
kinds of faruds against tourist in india
as below,
·
Taxi scam
In India, taxi and auto-rickshaw drivers
sometimes use dishonest tactics to charge travelers
more money than they should. This is called a "taxi scam." Here's
what they do:Refusing to use the meter: Taxi drivers might say their meter is broken or just refuse
to use it. The meter calculates the correct fare based on the distance
you travel.Removing the meter: Some drivers might take the
meter out of the vehicle, so there's no way to
measure the distance or the fare.Tampering with the meter: In some
cases, drivers can manipulate the
meter to make it run faster, so they can charge you more.These scams don't just target foreign tourists; even
local people can fall victim to them. To protect yourself: Always
choose a taxi with a working meter (it's required by law
in India).
If the driver won't use the meter, tries to
overcharge you, or gives you a hard time, you
can report them to the Regional Transport
Office (RTO). Some states, like Maharashtra, have apps
where you can easily file a complaint
from your phone.
If you can't use the meter, negotiate the
fare upfront and make sure it covers all passengers and luggage, not just one person. This way, you'll
have a clear agreement on the price before you start your journey.
·
Uncertified tour guide
Humans are inquisitive beings and because of this inquisitiveness, they love to travel and knowabout different
cultures. To learn about historical places, culture, etc. tourists hire a
tour guide.These guides must make the journey of tourists memorable. Some
guides are certified guides of
government while others are uncertified guides (local people). These uncertified guides aremostly
involved in scamming tourists.[2] They take give wrong
information to tourists, charge high prices for their services and take
tourists to shops or café where
their commission is fixed.To avoid these scams it is better for tourists
to hire a licensed tour guide under
the Ministry ofTourism, Government of
India.[3]
·
VIP ENTRY SCAM
The "VIP Entry Scam" typically
involves deceptive practices
where fraudsters claim to provide
exclusive, preferential, or expedited access
to events, venues,
or services, often targeting individuals who are willing
to pay extra for special
treatment or access. However,
in reality, these scammers do not have any genuine connections or authority to provide such services.
·
TEMPLE DONATION
SCAM
The "Temple Donation Scam" is a
trick that occasionally preys on travelers
to temples, especially in nations with a strong cultural and religious
heritage. This scam typically involves
people or organizations pretending to be temple officials, priests, or tour guides in an effort to
convince tourists to give large sums of money or make other payments under dubious circumstances.
·
FAKE CURRENCY SCAM
India has a widespread problem with counterfeit currency,
but the government there has taken
some steps to address it. However, con artists who create fake money know how to steal money from
anyone who is unfamiliar with the area and
the appropriate currency. Even the most knowledgeable locals
occasionally fall victim to this
trap. Many people are honest and upfront, but some will take advantage of them. For instance, if you give the
driver a 2000 rupee note as payment, he will give you back the remaining amount in fake money. He might even replace the cash you gave him with a fake one and then demand payment back.
Keep an eye out for these con artists and exercise caution whenever accepting any kind of note.[4]
·
TRAIN TICKET SCAM
Another long-standing scam in India involves locals outside
of stations claiming that the ticket office
is closed or that trains
are fully booked
in an effort to con
tourists. This practice is especially egregious in large cities like Delhi,
Kolkata, and Mumbai. They'll transport
them to a neighborhood travel
agency tobook their tickets and demand hidden fees that could result in significant financial harm to
the tourists.
·
INVALID SIM CARD
TRICK
In order to obtain a valid SIM card in India, one must
correctly complete a form, attach a
photo, and provide identification documentation in copy form. The SIM card
won't work and the individual will have lost the money
he paid for the SIM card
if all of these formalities aren't completed, which means they will either
give up the used SIM card or fail
to register the form with accurate information.It is best to obtain a valid SIM
by going straight to the service provider's authority office rather than a
local store.
·
PICKPOCKETS
Another significant issue in India
is pickpocketing scams. Pickpockets operate
in groups and employ decoy
techniques to steal.
One will divert
your attention while his aide opens the wallet or pocketbook. The best course
of action is to flee from these pickpockets by
staying alert and constantly being aware of the belongings you carry.
Avoid keeping all the cash in one location, and pay
attention when someone stumbles into you.
ii.
Preventive measures
tourists can take: case studies of different states
1.
Rajasthan: recurrent
consumer fraud at major tourist
spots
a. Charity
fraud in the name of "Holy rituals" is a common form of consumer
fraud that happens in Pushkar. There are always red flags that the tourist
might use to spot scams. Don't accept it if someone forces a flower into your
palm since that signals to the other person that you are the target. Later on,
they will coerce you into performing a ritual for yourself and your family and
charge you for unnecessary services that you never agreed to get[5].
b. Jaipur
shopping scams: Only shop at establishments authorized by the government of
Rajasthan if you want to acquire precious stones or expensive metals. Because
RTDC (Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation LTD.) runs these stores, only
the RTDC helpline number or the internet should be relied upon when looking for
RTDC stores. Asking a cab or an auto driver could lead to their taking you to a
bogus RTDC store where you would receive subpar goods.
In the case Thomas Cook India Ltd. Vs Sh. R.K.Jain &
Ors. the State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission held that if the reputed
travel agency like Thomas Cook India Ltd., after promising services like arranging visa of tourist,
scheduled travel dates,
specified places to visit,
etc. but later deny service on the ground of miscalculation or mismanagement
will not be acceptable. So, the State
Commission Dispute Redressal Commission upheld the order of the District Forum and directed the appellant
to pay Rs. 100,000 as compensation for harassment, Rs. 75000 for deficient services
and Rs. 25000 for litigation
fees.[6]
2.
Uttar Pradesh:
common scam
Uttar Pradesh
is blessed with the 7th wonder of the world (Taj Mahal) at Agra, a major attraction spot for tourists. But no place can be saved from the scammer;
the recurrent scam that takes place at the
Taj Mahal is “Lapka culture”.
In India,
the lapka culture
is widely prevalent. For some touts,
the term refers
to a language they employ to ambush tourists. Therefore, if
you hear the same word repeated by various people, it may be a warning that you are about to be ambushed. These salespeople may start pestering
you at the airport or train
station, forcing you to pick a specific hotel, persuading you to purchase their goods, and even attempting to touch
you.[7] This ‘lapka culture’ is also highlighted in the case Tourist Guides
Association vs The Union of India[8]
3.
Mumbai – Identification Scam
Given that Mumbai is one of India's top
tourist destinations, there are more frauds there than in any other state. At
popular tourist destinations in Mumbai like Marine Drive, tourists are frequently caught in the
infamous identification scam nowadays. When a
scammer poses as someone else and concocts a plan to defraud people, it
is common to see that most victims
fall for the scheme because to their genuine politeness. A British traveler
who had used the identification technique revealed one of his encounters online,
detailing the scammer's elaborate plan to mislead him with a bogus
identity.
A British traveler to India named Rob G
claims that there is usually a man acting like a British Indian who claims to have been robbed and lost everything, including his wallet,
passport, and other valuables, on Marine Drive in Mumbai. In order to
get money from you, he first plays a tricky
game by calling
the British Consulate and a few other numbers
that turned out to be "answer phones." He then instructs
you to travel to a money transfer
location and pick up the money he says he has transferred. If you don't fall for his "scam," it's unclear how he
intends for things to pan out, but he eventually ended up asking for some cab money.[9]
iii.
Redressal for the consumer
fraud
If tourists
or localities get trap in any kind of abovementioned or any other fraud scheme
then they have been provided by an
option to file a complaint against the manufacturer, seller, or dealer and the process for the
same is as follows:
1.
Within two years of the fraud, the consumer has to
file a complaint regarding the fraud.
2.
The complaint should include the detail of the fraud,
amount for compensation (reasonable), relevant bills, receipts, or any other
detail that is related to the fraud.
3.
Three copies of the complaint with all the attachments
should be sent to the concerned consumer forum via post, email, or
hand-delivered followed by receiving an acknowledgment from the forum about the
same.[10]
4.
A fee has to be also attached with the complaint and
the fee to be paid is determined as per the compensation claimed by the
complainant. - Rs. 100 for compensation up to Rs. 1 lakh; Rs. 200 for
compensation of Rs. 1 lakh to 5 lahks; Rs. 400 for compensation of Rs. 5 lakh
to 10 lakh; Rs. 500 for Rs. 10 lakh to 20 lakh; Rs. 2000 for Rs. 20 lakh to 50
lakh; and Rs. 4000 to Rs. 50 lakh to 1 crore. [11]
5.
The timeline and the issues shouldn’t be stated
ambiguously in the complaint.
6.
There is no need to hire an advocate, unlike judicial
court.
iv.
Conclusion
As already
discussed, tourism is one of the biggest and growing sectors of India that help
to generate a huge amount of revenue as well as employment in the country. As
per the World Travel and Tourism Council, in 2018, India generated USD 240
billion and around 42 million jobs from the tourism sector.[12] The fact
that millions of people profit from these tourists
should make the con artists
pause before deceiving
the travelers. Both the Indian government and tourists should
take precautions against
these frauds. Tourists
are victims of theft, rape, extortion, cybercrimes, and other crimes in
addition to being the target of
consumer fraud. Therefore, it is always advisable to think before you act while traveling to various countries
or places because
self-awareness is the best
defense against any type of
fraud or crime. Consumers fall for these scams for a variety of reasons, one of which is a lack of awareness.
Tourists tend to believe that dishonest enterprises can succeed, thus con artists
assume that they are gullible
and simple to trick. Consumer fraud is mostly caused by a lack
of particular information about the services
and goods given to tourists. Furthermore, some consumers are too lazy or
preoccupied to be on the lookout for
these types of fraud; they don't consider the possibility that if they report them, many other consumers might be protected
from the fraudsters. Scammers took advantage of victims who may also be suffering
from psychological issues including
despair, substance misuse, loneliness, or sorrow that affect their ability to make decisions.
v.
RESEARCH METHODOLGY
a.
Comparative
This method of research makes effort to examine different
legal systemsand tries to ascertain which system or set of rules are ideal for a given society.3
The author has used this model to compare the outlining
key factors influencing consumer fraud against tourist. This
framework may include factors such as local regulation, culture aspects, tourism
infrastructure, and the economic impact
of tourism.
b.
Evaluative
This model is used to find a aims to assess and evaluate
the effectiveness ofexisting measures and interventions against
consumer fraud and protecting tourists.
Identify the strengths and weaknesses of these measures
and recommend improvements.
c.
Impact Analysis
This model
is used to analyse the impact of an established or newly conceived legal
provisions, rule or institutions. This model has helped to find out the impact
of Consumer law on Consumers Rights and Duties.
d.
Analytical model
Analytical
research deals with what the present law is. The researcher has used this model
to study the legal perspective in respects relevant to Consumer laws.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS
a)
KEY ISSUES
RAISED IN THE ARTICLE
The key
issues raised in the article Consumer fraud is a significant concern in India,
and there are several key issues associated with it. These issues often revolve
around various types of fraud, including online fraud, financial fraud, and
product-related fraud.
b)
COMPARING
THIS ARTICLE WITH OTHER LITERATURE ON SAME ISSUES BY OTHER AUTHORS
The researcher proposes to compare this book
with some other literature on similar issues
by other authors. For this purpose, the researcher is referring here is no
other literature found on the same
issue by other authors on Legal framework for protecting tourists from fraudulent representations by travel agents by
Diksha Chandok Travel, tourism and other consultants provide an extraordinary amount of services.
The objective of this is to redress
consumer faster and to discuss
the role of travel agent and other
consultants. This industry
makes its services
available to consumers
and continually discovers and
inventers new products so as to attract consumers and filter or refine them to satisfy consumers.
c)
COMPARING
THIS ARTICLE WITH OTHER LITERATURE OF THE SAME AUTHOR
The researcher proposes to compare this book
with the other literature by Gayatri Gunjal which shall include:
1. Article on The Confluence of Judicial
Guidelines and Justice by Gayatri
Gunjal
The concept
of justice is at the core of any legal system. The pursuit of justice requires
not only a set of laws and regulations but also a framework for their
interpretation and application. In this context, judicial guidelines play a
vital role in shaping the way justice is delivered. They provide a framework
for judges to make consistent and fair decisions, ensuring that the law is
applied equitably. This article explores the confluence of judicial guidelines
and justice, highlighting their significance in the legal landscape.
CONCLUSION:
Tourists
are vulnerable to various scams and deceptive practices due to their
unfamiliarity with local customs, language barriers, and limited knowledge of
consumer rightsand regulations. The prevalence of consumer fraud can lead to
financial losses, emotional distress, and a diminished travel experience for
tourists. Moreover, it can negatively impact theoverall tourism industry by
deterring potential visitors and causing revenue loss for businessesand the
government. Addressing consumer fraud requires collaboration between government
authorities, tourism agencies, businesses, and tourists themselves. Preventive
measures such as consumer awareness campaigns, strengthened regulations, and
transparent business practices are essential to protect tourists from falling
victim to fraud. Furthermore, research and data- driven approaches are crucial
in understanding the nature and extent of consumer fraud in India. By
conducting evaluative research, policymakers and stakeholders can assess the
effectivenessof existing interventions and identify areas for improvement.
Overall, combating consumer fraud against tourists is not only vital for
safeguarding the interests of individual travellers butalso for sustaining a
thriving and reputable tourism industry that contributes significantly to the
nation's economic growth and global standing. Through collective efforts and
commitmentto ethical tourism practices, India can continue to be a welcoming
and secure destination for travellers from around the world.
REFERENCE:
1. “Gayatri
Gunjal” Research scholar at the University of Kota, Indian Journal of Law
andLegal Research Volume V Issue II | ISSN: 2582-8878,
4 https://www.ijlmh.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Confluence-of-Judicial-Guidelines-and-Justice.pdf, last seen3/10/2023
[1] Dr. H.N. Tiwari, Legal Research Methodology, 129
(1997) 1sted.
[2] Culture Trip, supra note 7.
[3] Government of India Ministry of Tourism, ‘The guideline
for selection and grant of guide license to Regional Level Tourist Guides (RLG)
–2011’ published on Sept. 22, 2011 (visited on June 11, 2021), available at
https://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020-01/120620121101707.pdf.
[4] Supra note7
[5] Velarmino Trisha, ‘The flower scam in Pushkar: what’s
it all about’ published on Feb. 26, 2019 (visited on June 2, 2021), available
at https://www.psimonmyway.com/pushkar-scam/
Shopping
scam in Jaipur (visited on June 3, 2021), available at https://www.tripadvisor.in/ShowTopic- g304555i4767-k5009371-
Shopping_scam_in_Jaipur_Rajasthali_Textile_Dev_CorpJaipur_Jaipur_District_Rajasthan.html
[6] Thomas Cook India Ltd. Vs Sh.
R.K.Jain & ors, on 12 July 2013, compliant case no. 1243/2008.
[7] Sharma Mahesh, Lapka culture, A
national same, published on Feb. 18, 2018 accessed on June 3, 2021, available
at https://www.drmaheshsharma.com/vicharDetails.aspx?id=4.
[8] Tourist Guides Association vs The
Union Of India on 8 July, 2019, S.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 27461/2018
[9] Rob G, Tourist scams warning - 'James Watson' near
Marine Drive, Tripadvisor, accessed on 6th June 2019, available at https://www.tripadvisor.in/ShowTopic-g304554-i4228-k6752815-
Tourist_scam_warning_James_Watson_near_Marine_Drive-Mumbai_Maharashtra.html.
[10] Furtado Rebecca, All you need to know about Consumer
Protection Law, Ipleaders, published on Sep. 13, 2016, accessed on 2 June 2021,
available at
https://blog.ipleaders.in/analysis-consumer-protection-laws-india/.
[11] IJLS about the consumer fraud against India last seen
25.10.2023
Article Information
CONSUMER FRAUD AGAINST TOURISTS IN INDIA
Authors: JYOTI KUMBHAR
- Journal IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Published 2024/05/14
- Issue 7
About Journal
International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis
- Abbreviation IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Access Open Access
- License CC 4.0
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