Open Access Research Article
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF PORNOGRAPHY AMONG TEENAGERS ON THE ACTS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND RAPE CASES UNDER SECTION 19(1) OF POCSO ACT, SECTION 293 & 354A OF INDIAN PENAL CODE AND SECTION 67A OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACT, 2000 BY: SANAT KOUL
Published Paper
Article Details
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF PORNOGRAPHY AMONG
TEENAGERS ON THE ACTS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND RAPE CASES UNDER SECTION 19(1) OF
POCSO ACT, SECTION 293 & 354A OF INDIAN PENAL CODE AND SECTION 67A OF
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACT, 2000
AUTHORED BY: SANAT KOUL
STUDENT
AT RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LAW
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research study is to
examine the correlation between
teenage pornography
addiction and rise of sexual violence and rape cases in India, alongside the influence of societal taboos and
lack of comprehensive sex education. Utilizing a Doctrinal Research Methodology, the study investigates legal frameworks
including IT Act, IPC & POCSO
Act and
examines the case studies highlighting the impact of pornography among teenagers. The hypothesis posits that
pornography addiction among
teenagers contributes to the
cases of sexual violence and rape, exacerbated by inadequate sex education and societal
taboos which further develops the dependency among the teenagers on the
sexually explicit content to seek false information regarding their sexual
health and well being . Findings
suggest that ease
internet access, media influence etc. drive teenagers to seek information from pornography, leading to distorted sexual norms and increased
aggression. Additionally, the
prevalence of societal taboos as well as the lack of comprehensive sex education
in homes and schools create the aspect of dependency among teenagers on
sexually explicit content to seek false information regarding their sexual
health. Key
recommendations under this research study include promoting sex education, implementing parental controls, establishing stricter
censorship etc.
1.
INTRODUCTION
The
term ‘Pornography’ refers to the idea of production, dissemination or
possession of sexually explicit content through pictures, writings and mostly
through electronic media. It perpetuates the sexual exploitation and abuse of
victims. The Pornography is becoming increasingly prevalent in today’s society
and also becoming more and more common in today’s culture. The possessors of
such content are responsible for the purposeful victimization of the innocent
youth. It has also become easily accessible in India as a result of the swift
development of the Internet and technology. Attempts have been made worldwide
by governments and other governmental bodies to restrict the pornographic
content available on the Internet. Hence, the researcher aims to find out or
the purpose of conducting this research is to derive the answer for whether or
not the addiction to pornography correlate with the increase in the cases of
sexual violence and rape and also whether or not the societal taboos as well as
the lack of comprehensive sex education in schools/home contribute to the
increase in reliance upon such online sexual content and subsequent rise in the
cases of sexual violence and rape?
1.1 Significance of this Research Study
Studying the impact of
pornography among teenagers on sexual violence and rape cases in India is crucial
for law enforcement, public safety, mental health, and youth protection.
Exposure to pornography can normalize sexual attraction, encourage illegal
intent, and cause psychological trauma. Understanding these impacts can lead to
better policy formation, support services, technological solutions, and
international support for combating crimes.
Investigating this relationship might lead to the creation of such policies
which could target both the producer and distributor of such obscene content
2.
LEGAL FRAMEWORKS
This
research study will further delve into the idea of describing various legal
frameworks which are surrounding the topic of Pornography. In other words what
all laws are prevailing in India for combating Pornography.
l
For instance, According to Section
67A of IT Act, 2000 states that Punishment for publishing or
transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic
form–Whoever publishes or transmits or causes to be published or
transmitted in the electronic form any material which contains sexually
explicit act or conduct shall be punished on first conviction with imprisonment
of either description for a term which may extend to five years and with fine
which may extend to ten lakh rupees and in the event of second or subsequent
conviction with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend
to seven years and also with fine which may extend to ten lakh rupees.[1] This section deals with providing punishments for publishing any electronically stores sexual explicit content where a person can be put
behind the bars maximum for seven years. The parliament passed the IT
Act, 2000 to legalize electronic trade. This
Act included clauses on electronic signatures, cybercrimes
and hacking. In 2008, this act was amended, adding new sections and expanding its scope. The
inclusion of Section 67A, which dealt with pornography
and sexually explicit online content, Severe penalties were introduced to deter content based offenses. The amendments focused on cybersecurity protocols, safeguarding information etc.[2]
l According to Section 293 of IPC (1860), states that Sale,
etc., of obscene objects to young person- Whoever sells, lets to hire,
distributes, exhibits or circulates to any person under the age of twenty years
any such obscene object as is referred to in the last preceding section, or
offers or attempts so to do, shall be punished on first conviction with
imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years,
and with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees, and, in the event of a
second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonment of either description for a
term which may extend to seven years, and also with fine which may extend to
five thousand rupees.[3] Sexual harassment is defined in Section 354A of the IPC (1860), According to this provision, a man committing any of the
following acts is guilty of the offense of sexual harassment: (i) Physical
contact and advances involving unwelcome and explicit sexual overtures, (ii) A
demand or request for sexual favors, (iii) Showing pornography against the will
of a woman (iv) Making sexually colored remarks.[4]
These provisions aim to protect adolescents from harmful exposure to pornographic material, provide legal protection for women and promote a
respectful environment while also combating sexual
harrasment.The IPC was
the main criminal code in India enacted during colonial era.Regulations
pertaining to pornographic publications were part of initial legislation. The IPC witnessed Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, of 2013 which added section
354A to the IPC following the Nirbhaya gang rape case of 2012. This act increased the protections against sexual
harassment, resulting in
increased awareness and
documentation of instances of sexual harassment.[5]
l
According to Section 19(1) of POCSO Act, states that
any person (including
the child), who has apprehension that an offence under this Act is likely to be
committed or has knowledge that such an offence has been committed, he shall
provide such information to,— (a) the Special Juvenile Police Unit; or (b)
the local police. The POCSO ACT in india mandated
the immediate reporting of child sexual abuse events, ensuring immediate intervention and child safety. This Act was introduced
in 2012 replacing IPC which lacked provisions for minors. The 2019 POCSO Amendment Act, included the
introduction to death penalty for sexual assault, raising the minimun sentences for various offenses and introducing fines for those who fail to report the cases of child
sexual abuse.[6]
2.1 Factors contributing to incidents of Sexual Violence and Rape
Contrary to
the above mentioned legal frameworks this research study will mainly cover the
factors related to addiction to pornography among teenagers and societal taboos
as well as lack of comprehensive sex education contributing to the cases of
sexual violence and rape. Some studies for instance Wright (2016) found that
exposure to violent pornography was associated with increased sexual
aggression, both as perpetrators and victims.[7] Societal taboos and inadequate sex education can lead to teenagers
relying on online sexual content, resulting in misinformation.This in turn can
lead to problematic behaviors like
sexual violence and rape due to distorted views of sexual norms.
1.1.1 Causes of Addiction to Pornography among teenagers
in India:-
l Easier Access to Internet: Advancing technology has made it easy
for the people to access any number of porn materials online on computers and mobiles etc. Such
explicit material can also be uploaded on the pornographic sites.The expansion of the internet has
provided the greatest access up to date to sexually explicit images accessed by both adults and
children. The proliferation of
cellphones have facilitated teenagers' access to pornography. Ineffective parental controls
and supervision may be a factor in uncontrolled access. Due to this, in the contemporary
society, not only the adults
but juveniles are also found to be involved in crimes involving dissemination of pornography or
committing sexual abuse
against another person. In 2013, Kamlesh Vaswani v.
Union Of India filed a PIL with the Supreme Court to ban pornography online and block
certain cites. He argued that pornography would harm society and addicts, and suggested
bringing those responsible under the IPC and POCSO Act. However, the Supreme
Court rejected the request, stating it was an adult's right to read pornography
in their privacy. Further a prohibition on such right is a violation of the
right of personal liberty
granted under Article 21 of the Constitution.[8] In September, 2018, the High Court
of Uttarakhand in In Re v. State of Uttarakhand held that the order of the Department
of Telecommunication, notified on 31st July, 2015, asking Internet Service Providers to disable
857 websites hoarding
pornographic content, be strictly complied with. This decision draws our attention on two counts.[9]
l
Influence of Media: The
portrayal of sexual content through media like TV shows, online platforms,
movies etc. can normalize the consumption of pornographic content among
teenagers. It can try to create a perception that such consumption is
acceptable behavior. This normalization can influence their attitudes toward
sex potentially contributing to unhealthy expectations about relationships. In
the case of Aveek
Sarkar v. State of West Bengal (2014): Although this case primarily dealt
with obscenity in a published photograph. The judgment stressed that media portrayal should be handled
responsibly to avoid contributing to the normalization of explicit content among vulnerable
groups such as teenagers.[10] In K.A. Abbas v. Union of India the Supreme Court was asked to rule
on
the constitutionality of
pre-censorship of films, etc. in the backdrop of Article 19(1)(a) and 19(2). Article 19(2), it may be noted,
specifically lists public order, decency and morality as the basic interests on the basis of which reasonable
restrictions can be imposed on the freedom of a person. The court further held that: films can be classified according to
its content and censorship restriction can be imposed in the interest of morality and decency. It is the duty of censor board to decide the suitability of a
film for unrestricted viewership. In the contemporary society, the transmission of obscene
photos via social media platforms like WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook Messenger etc. has
become very easy and
convenient for culprits. The section 67 and 67-A penalize transmitting sexually explicit or obscene
materials. As such, photos are very well covered under the ambit of IT Act, 2000. So,
transmitting sexually explicit photos via these social media platforms is a punishable
offence.[11]
l Lack
of Sex education in Home & Schools: In Indian culture, the topic of sex is
often considered inappropriate or even sinful, further perpetuating the
reluctance to openly address it. Schools and
families alike shy away from discussing topics related to sex and sexuality, fearing
that such conversations may expose children to inappropriate influences. As a
result, discussions about private body parts, sexual harassment, cyber crimes, etc. are often brushed aside. Parents and educators may
believe that by avoiding discussions about sex, they are protecting young minds
from exposure to potentially harmful information. However, this approach fails
to recognize the critical role that comprehensive sex education plays in
empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their sexual health and
well-being. People are forced to handle complicated sex and
relationship-related difficulties on their own when they lack access to
reliable information and assistance, frequently relying on false information and often develop reliance on online sexual content
further contributing to the cases of sexual violence. In the case of Samaresh Bose v. Amal Mitra (1985): This case involved the publication
of allegedly obscene bengali literature called ‘Prajapati’. The Supreme Court discussed
the potential impact of explicit content on impressionable minds and the
broader society. The judgment acknowledged that exposure to explicit and
potentially harmful content could influence behavior, and that reliance on pornographic content
due to lack of sex education can contribute to harmful sexual behaviors.[12]
l
Societal taboos: In
many parts of India discussions regarding sex is considered inappropriate. The
stigma attached to it prevents teenagers from seeking guidance or asking
questions from adults regarding their sexual health. Fear of being scolded or
being judged further silences their concerns, Yakking or expressing about one’s own sexuality is given the tag
of vulgarity and shamefulness. The lack of
accurate information drives the teenagers to seek out pornography as a primary
source of sexual knowledge where they encounter misinformation and can also
lead to normalization of attitudes that are not reflective of the healthy
sexual relationships. Their inquisitiveness can prove harmful when they try to get
their answers through the internet and social media. Online content houses
devious facts which can be misleading as they do no good by creating insatiable
fantasies. In 2007,
sex education was introduced by the National Council for Education, Research
and Training in the curriculum and not as a separate subject. However, sex
education was widely opposed and removed in states like Gujarat, Maharashtra,
Madhya Pradesh and Goa. In May 2007, Madhya Pradesh chief minister Shivraj
Singh Chouhan removed sex education from the curriculum on the advice of
Dinanath Batra of Rashtriya Swayemsevak Sangh (RSS).[13]
1.1.2 Impact of Addiction to Pornography & lack of
sex education among teenagers in India:-
The
teenagers are also affected by the vice of excessive watching of pornographic
material. It may affect the perceptions
about sexuality and they tend to develop distorted notions about healthy sexual
practices and sexual life. Thus such exposure at a quite young age may affect
them in a number of ways like proper sexual development, it may
cause stress and conflict in their mind[14] which may further contribute to the cases of sexual violence and
rape. In the present case of, District
Dehradun. v.
State of Uttarakhand, seniors watching pornographic material resulted in the gang rape of the girl student in the school. In
this case, pornography resulted in the lack of morality where a girl child is
gang-raped by her seniors in school; this will be a negative influence on the students as
well as the other people.[15]
A survey by Rescue
Research and Training Charity Trust found that watching porn could lead to
rapes. The survey revealed that 76% of respondents agreed that porn leads to
the desire to rape. The study also found that 83% of students felt watching
porn led to sexual activities and 74% said it would attract them to visit
prostitutes.[16] There
is a well-known ‘Feminist Dictum’ which says that “Pornography is the
theory, rape is the practice”.[17] Pornography can reinforce negative attitudes
towards sex and gender and it may also intersect with the existing cultural
narratives as well as the societal norms. To effectively combat sexual
violence, it is necessary to address not just the individual behaviors but also the larger societal problems that lead to it,
such as gender inequality, limited access to resources and education, and
inefficient judicial systems. India like many other
societies also faces issues about objectification of women, gender inequality
and unethical attitudes towards consent. All these factors significantly
contribute to the higher risks of sexual violence.
The
case of the Airforce Bal Bharti School Case, is a very important case in
relation to the I.T. Act. In this case the accused was a juvenile and
was a student of class 12th. He was accused for creating a porn website. On the
website developed by 37 him, he had posted porn images of girls from his own
class and of his teachers with derogatory
remarks. The case was filed in the Juvenile Court of Delhi and he was
charged under sections 67, 67A, 67B of IT Act, 2000. He was also charged
under Sections 292, 293 and 294 of the IPC and also under Indecent
Representation of Women Act.[18]
In another case of Uttar Pradesh wherein a nineteen-year-old
brother Sanju, has been arrested for the alleged rape and killing of his minor
sister in Kasganj after watching pornographic content on his mobile phone on
the night of February 3, 2024. Presumably, he sexually
assaulted his sister and strangled her to death fearing that she would reveal his wrongful act to their parents.[19] In another case of
Raipur, a 16-year-old boy allegedly raped his 5-year-old neighbour. The parents
of the rape survivor found their daughter lying injured. The juvenile was
arrested under POCSO Act, (2012)[20], wherein the accused
confessed that he was addicted to pornographic videos.[21] Over
the past few decades, an immense industry for the production and consumption of
pornography has grown, with the increasing use of home video and the Internet,
as well as the emergence of social attitudes more tolerant of sexual
portrayals.[22] Essentially, the unwillingness to have an honest and
open conversation about sex education is a reflection of a larger cultural
unease. A determined effort to question outmoded beliefs and advance a more
transparent and inclusive approach to sex education is necessary to dismantle
these obstacles. By fostering a culture of openness we can create spaces where
individuals feel empowered to seek out information and make informed choices
about their sexual health and well-being.
2.2 Recommendations and Suggestions
In Jayesh S. Thakkar v. State of
Maharashtra the
Division Bench was very much concerned with the issue that children needs to be
protected from obscene and pornographic material over the internet. The
Bench comprising of B.P. Singh, C.J and D.Y. Chandrachud J. thus issued an
order for the appointment of a committee to deliberate upon and devise suggest
preventive measures to protect the tender minds from exposure to obscene and
pornographic material on the internet.[23] Hence here are certain measures to deal with
the problem of addiction to pornography among teenagers which contributes to
the acts of sexual violence and rape cases.
l
Conducting
awareness campaigns about the negative effects of watching pornographic
material
l
To
minimize the effects of pornography is to promote sex education in schools and
colleges in order to prevent the development of wrong notions regarding
sexuality among adolescents.
l
It must be made mandatory in schools to have
classes of psychiatrists and they may also call the people to share their
stories of addiction and how they recovered it.[24]
l
Government
can try to set up a censorship board at the central level which would
exclusively look into the matters of sexually explicit material which are against
the existing Indian Laws.
l
Initiation of a proposal at international
level to make it compulsory for all pornography owners to issue a warning, in
every video or photograph which they publish, as well as a disclaimer in
violent pornography videos to the effect that women doesn’t like to be
assaulted or raped or mistreated in any kind of sexual intimacy or in real
life”[25]
l
In order to regulate access to pornographic
websites, the use of certain identity proof documents can be made compulsory
with view to verify the age of user. For instance, digital certificates can be
used for age verification. This would be helpful in protecting children from
the ill effects of watching porn.[26]
l
Parental
control must be exercised in order to prevent a minor to access any obscene
material. They can make use of child lock on computers or mobiles.
3. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the research study would like to
claim following facts with evidence that the addiction of pornography among
teenagers does contribute to the acts of sexual violence and rape.
Additionally, the prevalence of societal taboos as well as the lack of
comprehensive sex education in homes and schools create the aspect of
dependency among teenagers on sexually explicit content to seek false
information regarding their sexual health.
4. BIBLIOGRAPHY
l
The Indian Penal Code 1860, s 293.
l
The Indian Penal Code 1860, s 354A.
l The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences
(Amendment) Act 2019, s 19(1).
l
Raman Devgan, ‘IPC Section 354A
- Sexual Harassment and Punishment for Sexual Harassment’ (A Lawyers Reference,
31 Oct 2022) <https://devgan.in/ipc/section/354A/> accessed 7 June 2024.
l
Sushma,
‘Pornography as an expression of erotic sex behaviour impinging upon the
realm of morality a socio legal critique of law in India’ (2022) INFLIBNET <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/472744/3/03_chapter1.pdf> accessed on 2 June 2024.
l Srivastava
S and others, ‘Exposure
to Pornographic Content Among Indian Adolescents and Young Adults and Its
Associated Risks: Evidence from UDAYA Survey in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh’ (2022) 52 Archives of Sexual
Behavior <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-022-02411-7> accessed on 1 June 2024.
l Sushma, ‘Pornography : A crime against morality but not law’ (2022)
INFLIBNET <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/472744/3/03_chapter3.pdf> accessed on 2 June 2024.
l Sushma, ‘Effects of Pornography’ (2022) INFLIBNET <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/472744/3/03_chapter5.pdf> accessed on 2 June 2024.
l Guleria , Vishal, ‘Concept and Evolution of Cyber
Pornographic Crimes’
(2021) INFLIBNET <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/401099/6/ch-2.pdf> accessed
on 1 June 2024.
l Sushma, ‘Forms of Pornography In India’ (2022) INFLIBNET <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/472744/6/06_chapter4.pdf> accessed on 7 June 2024.
l
Casemine, ‘Sachendra Singh Rawat v. State Of Uttarakhand’
(casemine.com, 8 Aug 2023) <https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/654c348f1457ac47a2331ed2>
accessed 3 June 2024.
l Casemine,
‘Samaresh Bose And Another v. Amal Mitra And Another’ (casemine.com, 24 Sept 1985) <https://www.casemine.com/search/in/samaresh%2Bbose> accessed 3 June 2024.
l
Dhruv Krishna, ‘Sex Education: Still a Taboo
in India?’ (Times of India Blog, 15 July 2020) <https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/dhruvslexicon/sex-education-still-a-taboo-in-india-2-23171/>
accessed 4 June 2024.
l About
the Author, ‘Watching Porn
could lead to rapes’ (Deccan Chroncile, 9 Mar 2016) <https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/090316/watching-porn-could-lead-to-rapes-study.html> accessed 13 June 2024.
l
Suresh Bada Math, Biju Viswanath, Ami Sebastian Maroky, Naveen C. Kumar, Anish V. Cherian and Maria Christine Nirmala,
‘Sexual Crime In India: Is it Influenced by Pornography’ (PubMed
Central, 26 Mar 2024), <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031582/> accessed 11 June 2024.
l
Analiza Pathak, ‘SHOCKING: Teen Brother Rapes And
Murders Minor Sister After Watching Porn In UP’s Kasganj’ (India.Com, 6 Feb 2024) <https://www.india.com/uttar-pradesh/shocking-teen-brother-rapes-and-murders-minor-sister-after-watching-porn-in-ups-kasganj-6706739/> accessed 5 June 2024.
l Times Of India, ‘Addicted to porn, juvenile rapes 5-year-old in Raipur’ (Times of India, 30 Sept 2023) https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/addicted-to-porn-juvenile-rapes-5-year-old/articleshow/104056964.cms.
[5] Raman Devgan, ‘IPC
Section 354A - Sexual Harassment and Punishment for Sexual Harassment’ (A Lawyers
Reference, 31 Oct 2022) <https://devgan.in/ipc/section/354A/> accessed 7 June 2024.
[8] Sushma,
‘Pornography as an
expression of erotic sex behaviour impinging upon the realm of morality a socio
legal critique of law in India’ (2022) INFLIBNET <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/472744/3/03_chapter1.pdf> accessed on 2 June 2024.
[9] Casemine, ‘Sachendra Singh Rawat v. State Of
Uttarakhand’ (casemine.com, 8 Aug 2023) <https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/654c348f1457ac47a2331ed2>
accessed 3 June 2024.
[10] Srivastava S and others, ‘Exposure to
Pornographic Content Among Indian Adolescents and Young Adults and Its
Associated Risks: Evidence from UDAYA Survey in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh’ (2022)
52 Archives of Sexual Behavior <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-022-02411-7>
accessed on 1 June 2024.
[11] Sushma, ‘Pornography : A crime against morality but not law’ (2022) INFLIBNET <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/472744/3/03_chapter3.pdf> accessed on 2 June 2024.
[12] Casemine,
‘Samaresh
Bose And Another v. Amal
Mitra And Another’ (casemine.com,
24 Sept 1985) <https://www.casemine.com/search/in/samaresh%2Bbose>
accessed 3 June 2024.
[13] Dhruv Krishna, ‘Sex Education: Still a
Taboo in India?’ (Times of India Blog, 15 July 2020) <https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/dhruvslexicon/sex-education-still-a-taboo-in-india-2-23171/>
accessed 4 June 2024.
[14] Sushma,
‘Effects of Pornography’ (2022) INFLIBNET <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/472744/3/03_chapter5.pdf> accessed on 2 June 2024.
[15] Sushma,
‘Pornography : A crime against morality but not law’ (2022) INFLIBNET <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/472744/3/03_chapter3.pdf> accessed on 2 June 2024.
[16] About the Author,
‘Watching Porn could lead to rapes’
(Deccan Chroncile, 9 Mar
2016) <https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/090316/watching-porn-could-lead-to-rapes-study.html>
accessed 13 June 2024.
[17] Suresh Bada
Math, Biju Viswanath, Ami Sebastian
Maroky, Naveen C.
Kumar, Anish V.
Cherian and Maria
Christine Nirmala, ‘Sexual Crime In India: Is it Influenced by
Pornography’ (PubMed Central, 26 Mar 2024), <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031582/> accessed 11 June 2024.
[18] Guleria
, Vishal, ‘Concept and Evolution of Cyber Pornographic Crimes’ (2021) INFLIBNET <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/401099/6/ch-2.pdf>
accessed on 1 June 2024.
[19] Analiza Pathak, ‘SHOCKING: Teen Brother
Rapes And Murders Minor Sister After Watching Porn In UP’s Kasganj’ (India.Com,
6 Feb 2024) <https://www.india.com/uttar-pradesh/shocking-teen-brother-rapes-and-murders-minor-sister-after-watching-porn-in-ups-kasganj-6706739/>
accessed 5 June 2024.
[21] Times Of India, ‘Addicted to porn, juvenile rapes
5-year-old in Raipur’ (Times of India, 30 Sept 2023) https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/addicted-to-porn-juvenile-rapes-5-year-old/articleshow/104056964.cms.
[22] Sushma,
‘Pornography : A crime against morality but not law’ (2022) INFLIBNET <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/472744/3/05_chapter3.pdf> accessed on 2 June 2024.
[23] Guleria
, Vishal, ‘Concept and Evolution of Cyber Pornographic Crimes’ (2021) INFLIBNET <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/401099/6/ch-2.pdf>
accessed on 1 June 2024.
[24] Sushma,
‘Pornography as an
expression of erotic sex behaviour impinging upon the realm of morality a socio
legal critique of law in India’ (2022) INFLIBNET <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/472744/10/10_chapter8.pdf> accessed on 2 June 2024.
[25] Sushma,
‘Pornography as an
expression of erotic sex behaviour impinging upon the realm of morality a socio
legal critique of law in India’ (2022) INFLIBNET <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/472744/10/10_chapter8.pdf> accessed on 2 June 2024.
[26]Sushma,
‘Forms of Pornography In India’ (2022) INFLIBNET <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/472744/6/06_chapter4.pdf> accessed on 7 June 2024.
Article Information
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF PORNOGRAPHY AMONG TEENAGERS ON THE ACTS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND RAPE CASES UNDER SECTION 19(1) OF POCSO ACT, SECTION 293 & 354A OF INDIAN PENAL CODE AND SECTION 67A OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACT, 2000 BY: SANAT KOUL
Authors: SANAT KOUL
- Journal IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Published 2024/06/29
- Issue 7
About Journal
International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis
- Abbreviation IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
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