INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

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^{^[2]} Rashmi Bagri, OFFICE OF PROFIT: IT'S TIME TO LAY DOWN THE SPECIFICS, LiveLaw, (Nov. 21, 2021, 11:48 a.m.). https://www.livelaw.in/columns/office-of-profit-doctrine-of-separation-of-power-governance-legislations-supreme-court-decisions-185994

^{^[3]} Debabrata Mohanty, ODISHA: EC ACQUITS 22 BJD MLAS OVER OFFICE-OF-PROFIT CHARGES, Hindustan Times, (Nov. 10, 2021, 10:48 a.m.) https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/odisha-ec-acquits-22-bjd-mlas-over-office-of-profit-charges-101636521498746.html

^{^[4]} Odisha Offices of Profit (Removal of Disqualifications) Amendment Act, 2016.

^{^[8]} Government of India Act 1935, 26 Geo. 5 c. 2, § 26(1)(a).

^{^[9]} The Representation of the People Act, 1951, § 10.

^{^[10]} Gulab Chand Chordia v. Thakur Narain Singh and ors., (1953) 6 ELR 399.

^{^[11]} The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959, § 3.

^{^[13]} Rajesh Ranjan & Naina Bhargava, Office of Profit in India, Legal Service India, https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-1153-office-of-profit-in-india.html

^{^[16]} Gae R, Office of Profit under the Government,48 JSTOR L. J. 1, 400 (2006).

^{^[17]} The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959.

^{^[19]} Sruthi Radhakrishnan, The Hindu explains: Office of Profit, The Hindu, (Jan. 20, 2018, 04:32 p.m,) https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-hindu-explains-office-of-profit/article22480152.ece

^{^[20]} Kanta Kathuria v. Manak Chand Surana, 1970 SCR (2) 835.

^{^[21]} Ananya Jha, Office of Profit- Definition under the Indian Constitution, Ipleaders, Nov. 16 2018, https://blog.ipleaders.in/office-of-profit/#_ftnref2

^{^[22]} Jaya Bachchan v. Union of India and Ors., (2006) 5 SCC 266.

^{^[25]} Umrao Singh v. Darbara Singh & Ors., AIR 1969 SC 262.

^{^[27]} Our Political Bureau, Political pot on boil over Jaya disqualification, Business Standard (Feb. 6, 2013, 06:31 a.m.)

https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/political-pot-on-boil-over-jaya-disqualification-106031801049_1.html

^{^[29]} Vakasha Sachdev, , AAP MLAs’ Disqualification: Decoding the Office of Profit Case, The Quint ( Jan. 19, 2018, 10:24 p.m.) https://www.thequint.com/news/india/decoding-aap-mla-disqualification-office-of-profit-case#read-more

^{^[30]} Gurugobinda Basu v. Sankari Prasad Ghosal and ors., 1964 (4) SCR 311

^{^[34]} News, Narada sting operation: CBI files FIR against 12 Trinamool leaders for 'criminal conspiracy' , The Times of India(Apr.17, 2017) https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/narada-sting-operation-cbi-files-fir-against-12-trinamool-leaders-for-criminal-conspiracy/articleshow/58227792.cms

^{^[35]} India Const. art. 102 &191.

32 India Const. Art. 102

^{^[36]} The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959, § 3.

^{^[37]} The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959, § 5.

^{^[38]} Faizan Mustafa, Grab This Opportunity To Abolish Disqualification Due to 'Office of Profit', The Wire (Jan. 22, 2018), https://thewire.in/government/grab-opportunity-abolish-disqualification-due-office-profit .

^{^[39]} Consumer Education and Research Society v. Union of India, MANU/SC/1499/2009.

^{^[42]} The Bihar Legislature (Removal of Disqualifications) Act, 1950.

^{^[43]} The West Bengal Legislature (Removal of Disqualifications) Act, 1952 § 2(i)(a) and 2(i)(d).

^{^[44]} Chowdhury M.J.A., Judiciary and the Dilemma of ‘Office of profit, Vol.XI CUJ.L. 1, 58-82 (2010).

^{^[45]} Brian Duignan, What is the Emoluments clause, Britannica (Oct. 21, 2001), https://www.britannica.com/story/what-is-the-emoluments-clause.

^{^[47]} Edward Hicks, Resignation from the House of Commons, UK Parliament (Sep. 11, 2019), https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN06395/SN06395.pdf.

^{^[50]} Succession to the Crown Act 1707, 6 Ann. c. 41, §26.

^{^[51]} House of Commons Disqualification Act 1741, 15 Geo. 2 c. 22.

^{^[52]} House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975, c. 24 (UK), https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1975/24/body.

^{^[54]} Ashok Kumar Bhattacharyya Vs. Ajoy Biswas and Ors. (1985) 1 SCC 151.

^{^[58]} Jaya Bachchan Vs. Union of India (UOI) and Ors. AIR 2006 SC 2119.

^{^[59]} Biharilal Dobrav v. Roshanlal Dobrav [1984] 1 SCR 877.

^{^[60]} Divya Prakash Vs. Kultar Chand Rana and Ors. AIR 1975 SC 1067.

^{^[61]} Himachal Pradesh Board of School Education Act, 1968, § 18.

^{^[62]} Gurugobinda Basu Vs. Sankari Prasad Ghosal and Ors. AIR 1964 SC 254.

^{^[63]} Indian Companies Act, 1956, § 2(18) & 617.

^{^[68]} Satya Ranjan Swain, The Concept of 'Office of Profit' in India, SSRN (Dec. 10, 2011), https://ssrn.com/abstract=2181796 .

^{^[70]} Pradyut Bordoloi Vs. Swapan Roy, AIR 2001 SC 296.

[1] Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 16.

[2] Law Commission of India, “242^nd Report on Prevention of Interference with the Freedom of Matrimonial Alliances (in the name of Honour and Tradition)” (August, 2012), available at: https://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports/report242.pdf (last accessed on October 13, 2021)

[3] Arvind Chauhan (2016) “Highest number of honour killings, relationship murders in UP” Times of India, 31st August, 2016, available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/highest-number-of-honour-killings-relationship-murders-in-up/articleshow/53949053.cms (last accessed October 14, 2021)

[4] US Department of State, 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: India, https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/india/ (last visited on October 12, 2021).

[5] National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, ‘Crime in India 2020’, Statistics Volume-1, available at: https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/Crime%20in%20India%20-%202016%20Complete%20PDF%20291117.pdf, last visited on September 28, 2022.

[6] National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, ‘Crime in India 2020’, Statistics Volume-1, available at: https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/Crime%20in%20India%202017%20-%20Volume%201_0_0.pdf, last visited on September 28, 2022.

[7] Ministry of Home Affairs, Honour Killings, available at: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1540824 (last visited on October 15, 2021)

[8] NCRB report leaves out lynching, honour killing data for being ‘vague’, available at: https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/ncrb-report-leaves-out-lynching-honour-killing-data-for-being-vague/cid/1713552 (last visited on October 15, 2021)

[9] National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, ‘Crime in India 2020’, Statistics Volume-1, available at: https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/CII%202019%20Volume%201.pdf, last visited on September 28, 2022.

[11] India: Honour-based violence, including prevalence in rural and urban areas; legislation; state protection and support services available (2016-May 2020), available at: https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1290791/download#:~:text=Sources%20note%20that%20honour%2Dbased,%2Dreported%20(Reuters%2029%20Dec.&text=According%20to%20a%20report%20on,%5B2019%5D%2C%20162) (last visited on October 14, 2021).

[12] National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, ‘Crime in India 2020’, Statistics Volume-1, available at: https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/CII%202020%20Volume%201.pdf, last visited on September 28, 2022.

[14] Tanya D’Lima, Jennifer L. Solotaroff, Rohini Prabha Pande, ‘For the sake of Family and Tradition: Honour Killings in India and Pakistan’, Sage Journals (2020), available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2455632719880852 (last visited on October 13, 2021).

[15] Manusmriti: The Laws of Manu (ca. 1500 BC – or later-) (translated by G. Buhler), available at http://eweb.furman.edu/~ateipen/ReligionA45/protected/manusmriti.htm (last visited on October 10, 2021).

[18] Lata Singh v State of U.P., 2006 (5) SCC 475.

[20] Rahul Rajput’s murder: Family says woman was present at spot and even tried to save him, available at: https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/delhi-rahul-rajput-murder-woman-tried-to-save-was-present-at-spot-655996 (last visited on October 12, 2021)

[21] Navtej Singh Johar v U.O.I., (2018) 10 SCC 1.

[22] Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 (No. 10 of 2017), available at: https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/175248.pdf (last visited on October 14, 2021).

[23] Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 (No. 10 of 2017), s. 2(1)(s) read with ss. 3 and 21(1)(a).

[2] Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, No. 32, Acts of Parliament, 2012 (India).

[3] Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, No. 6, Acts of Parliament, 2006 (India).

[4] Independent Thought v. Union of India, [2017] 10 SCC 800.

[5] Law Commission of India, https://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/ (last visited Mar. 30, 2022).

[7] The Indian Penal Code, 1860, § 377, No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 1860 (India).

[8] Bodhisattwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborty, 1996 AIR 922.

[10] Hrishikesh Sahoo v. The State of Karnataka, 2022 LiveLaw (Kar) 89.

[14] K.S Puttaswamy v. Union of India, (2008) 1 SCC 234.

[18] Mukesh & Anr v. State of NCT of Delhi & Ors, (2017) 6 SCC 1.

[1] The author is currently studying Masters of Law (LL.M.) in Constitutional Law from Maharashtra National Law University, Aurangabad.

[2] W.E. Peel, J. Goudkamp, Winfield & Jolowicz on Tort 360 (Sweet & Maxwell, 19th edn., 2014).

[5] Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, The Law of Torts 279 (LexisNexis, New Delhi, 26th Edn., 2013).

[7] Khushwant Singh v. Maneka Gandhi AIR 2002 Delhi 58.

[8] Subramanian Swamy v. Union of India AIR 2016 SC 2728

[11] Shreya Singhal v. Union of India AIR 2005 SC 1523; Writ petition (Criminal) No. 167 of 2012.

[1] Chapter XX, Uttar Pradesh Police Regulations and Police Act 1861

[5] Justice KS Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2019) 1 SCC 1

^{^[2]} https://covid19.who.int/region/searo/country/in

^{^[3]} The National Commission for Women is the apex national organisation of India for protecting and promoting the interests of women.

^{^[4]} https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/domestic-violence-accounts-for-over-47-complaints-to-ncw-in-lockdown/articleshow/76161829.cms

^{^[5]} The Hindu, April 02,2020, https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/covid-19-lockdown-spike-in-domestic-violence- says-ncw/article31238659.ece

^{^[6]} Times Now News, March 29, 2020 https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/crime/article/kerala-man-kills-wife- after-she-insists-to-visit-parents-hangs-her-body-to-pass-it-off-as-suicide/571120

^{^[7]} Jansatta, March 30, 2020, https://www.jansatta.com/crime-news-hindi/coronavirus-covid-19-india-lockdown-aiims- doctor-claimed-she-was-asked-to-vacate-her-flat-and-threatened-with-rape-odisha/1363204/

^{^[8]} https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/health/a-parallel-pandemic-violence-against-women-intensified-during-covid-19-confirms-un-80370

^{^[9]} Down To Earth, May 23, 2020, https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/lifestyle/covid-19-inducing-child-early-and- forced-marriage-71331

^{^[11]} https://frontline.thehindu.com/social-issues/gender/domestic-violence-during-covid-lockdown/article38034608.ece

[1] Sasanun Bunyawanich, Maria-Liisa Järvelä and Abdul Ghaffar, ‘The Influence of Uniform in Establishing Unity, Hierarchy, and Conformity at Thai Universities’ (2018) 6 Journal of Education and Training Studies 28.

[2] David L Brunsma and Kerry A Rockquemore, ‘Effects of Student Uniforms on Attendance, Behavior Problems, Substance Use, and Academic Achievement’ (1998) 92 The Journal of Educational Research 53.

[4] Angela Walmsley, ‘What the United Kingdom Can Teach the United States About School Uniforms on JSTOR’ (2011) 92 Phi Delta Kappa International 63 <https://elibrary.nlunagpur.ac.in:2124/stable/25822818> accessed 09 March 2022.

[5] Ann Bodine, ‘School Uniforms, Academic Achievement, and Uses of Research’ (2003) 97 The Journal of Educational Research 67.

[6] Velma LaPoint and others, ‘Attitudes of Youth of Color on Student Dress and Uniforms: A Case of Commercialism in Schools’ (2003) 72 The Journal of Negro Education 406.

[8] ‘Facts and Figures: Economic Empowerment’ (UN Women – Headquarters) <https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/economic-empowerment/facts-and-figures> accessed 13 March 2022.

[9] Amanda Dunn, ‘Why Are Girls Still Forced to Wear Dresses at School?’ (The Age, 13 October 2018) <https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/why-are-girls-still-forced-to-wear-dresses-at-school-20181012-p509a4.html> accessed 13 March 2022.

[10] Cait Kelly, ‘“Equality Is Not Negotiable”: The Schools Embracing Gender Diversity’ The Guardian (11 February 2022) <https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/feb/12/equality-is-not-negotiable-the-schools-embracing-gender-diversity> accessed 13 March 2022.

[11] Meredith J Harbach, ‘Sexualization, Sex Discrimination, and Public School Dress Codes’ (LawArXiv 2017) preprint <https://osf.io/qxca6> accessed 14 March 2022.

[12] Thomas Rudd, ‘Racial Disproportionality in School Discipline: Implicit Bias Is Heavily Implicated | Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity’, (2014) <https://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/article/racial-disproportionality-school-discipline-implicit-bias-heavily-implicated> accessed 14 March 2022.

[13] ‘Kerala: Balussery School Adopts Gender-Neutral Uniforms, Muslim Groups Protest’ (The Indian Express, 18 December 2021) <https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kerala/kerala-balussery-school-gender-neutral-uniforms-muslim-groups-protest-7675709/> accessed 14 March 2022.

[14] India Today Web Desk New Delhi November 22, 2021UPDATED: November 22 and 2021 16:20 Ist, ‘Gender-Neutral Uniform Introduced in Kerala School’ (India Today) <https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/gender-neutral-uniform-introduced-in-kerala-school-1879555-2021-11-22> accessed 14 March 2022.

[15] ‘These Kerala Schools Have Adopted Gender Neutral Uniforms for All Students’ (News18, 22 November 2021) <https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/these-kerala-schools-have-adopted-gender-neutral-uniforms-for-all-students-4471472.html> accessed 14 March 2022.

[17] Todd DeMitchell and others, ‘Genderized Dress Codes in K-12 Schools: A Mixed Methods Analysis of Law & Policy’ (2020) 376 West’s Education Law Reporter 421.

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

Drug Abuse And Crime (By- Jagriti Garg)

The Disputable Nuances of Office of Profit: An Analysis with Respect to the Election to the Legislative Houses (By-Arryan Mohanty)

FEATURE SELECTION ON PHISHING WEBSITES : CYBER CRIME (BY-SAURABH RANKA & CHETAN JAIN)

Honour Killing in India (By: Ishita Kaushal)

Marital Rape: An Unaddressed Stigma A Debate That Must Find Its End (By- Aman Nigam)

DEFAMATION VIS-À-VIS FREEDOM OF SPEECH (By-Tarishi Agrawal)

Kharak Singh V State Of Up Air 1963 SC 1295 (By-Deepanshita Singh)

“Human Rights And Terrorism: An International And Indian Analysis” (By-Sara Chawla)

“The Pandemic: A Legal Quagmire for Domestic Crimes” (By -Yash.H.Khandvilkar)

Uniforms: A Tool For Ensuring Equality Or Dispensing Gender Stereotypes (By-PRERNA HEGDE & PRASHASTI MATHUR)

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