INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES IN HOLDING A STATE ACCOUNTABLE UNDER GENOCIDE CONVENTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BY - SUKHADA DHOTE

Authors : SUKHADA DHOTE

Registration ID : 107943 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7943

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : sukhadadhote.student@slsnagpur.edu.in

Page No : 14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-31283743/EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES IN HOLDING A STATE ACCOUN

AN ANALYSIS TOWARDS VICARIOUS LIABILITY OF STATE IN REFERENCE WITH TORTS LAW BY: HITESH SHARMA & MS. PRIYADARSHINI TIWARI

Authors : HITESH SHARMA & MS. PRIYADARSHINI TIWARI

Registration ID : 107941 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7941 & IJLRA7942

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : h.sharma1032@gmail.com

Page No : 16 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-47528895/AN ANALYSIS TOWARDS VICARIOUS LIABILITY OF STATE I

THE PROSECUTING SEXUAL VIOLENCE AS A WAR CRIME UNDER INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW BY: - JYOTSANA SINGH

Authors : JYOTSANA SINGH

Registration ID : 107940 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7940

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : singhjyotsana002@gmail.com

Page No : 16 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-42543392/THE PROSECUTING SEXUAL VIOLENCE AS A WAR CRIME UND

STATE, DEVELOPMENT, AND RESISTANCE: THE MAOIST CHALLENGE BY - ABHINAV ANAND

Authors : ABHINAV ANAND

Registration ID : 107939 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7939

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : 2705@cnlu.ac.in

Page No : 18 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-19922182/STATE, DEVELOPMENT, AND RESISTANCE: THE MAOIST CHA

Gender Neutrality With Special Refernce To Indian Legal System: A Comparative Analysis by - JOY PARIMALA

Authors :JOY PARIMALA

Registration ID : 107938 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7938

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : joyravikondipudi@gmail.com

Page No : 20 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-27485335/Gender Neutrality With Special Refernce To Indian

Legislations On Gender Equality. by - DR. KHUSHBOO

Authors :DR. KHUSHBOO

Registration ID : 107937 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7937

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : ksharda@pb.amity.edu

Page No : 14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-41323868/Legislations On Gender Equality

Beyond Borders: Rethinking Legal Protection For Climate Migrants In India by - ANAGHA RAMDASS

Authors :ANAGHA RAMDASS

Registration ID : 107936 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7936

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : anagharamdass1647@nuals.ac.in

Page No : 16 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-58745411/Beyond Borders: Rethinking Legal Protection For Cl

Legal Discrimination Against Lgbtqia+ People And Their Rights In Employment by - VIDHI KAPOOR

Authors :VIDHI KAPOOR

Registration ID : 107935 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7935

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : vidhikapoor792@gmail.com

Page No : 11 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-53717889/Legal Discrimination Against Lgbtqia+ People And T

The Constitutional Implications Of The Citizenship Amendment Act (Caa) And National Register Of Citizens (Nrc) In India: Analyzing Recent Developments And Judicial Responses by - DR. C. USHA

Authors :DR. C. USHA

Registration ID : 107934 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7934

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : drcusha2007@gmail.com

Page No : 17 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-13841484/The Constitutional Implications Of The Citizenship

Institutional Investors: Contemporary Issues in India and Reforms by - Pooja Shree A

Authors :Pooja Shree A

Registration ID : 107933 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7933

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : muditshreya2@gmail.com

Page No : 19 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-94366914/Institutional Investors: Contemporary Issues in In

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

Accessibility:Open Access

License:Creative Commons 4.0

Submit Manuscript:Click here

Licensing:

All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Disclaimer:

The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

[1] Stone L. Quantifying the Holocaust: Hyperintense kill rates during the Nazi genocide. Sci Adv. 2019 Jan 2;5(1):eaau7292. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aau7292. PMID: 30613773; PMCID: PMC6314819

[2] General Assembly resolution 96(1) of December 11, 1946

[3] Article I. The Statute of the International Criminal Court.

[4] See., The judgment of the Nuremberg Tribunal [www.yale.edu/lawweb/ avalon/imt/proc/judcont.htm]

[6] Art. VI of the Convention on prevention and Punishment of the crime of Genocide states that ‘[p]ersons charged with genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be tried … by such international penal tribunal as may have jurisdiction with respect to those Contracting Parties which shall have accepted its jurisdiction’.

[7] See Application of Convention on Prevention and Punishment of Crime of Genocide (Croat v Serb.), Judgement, 2015 I.C.J. Rep. 3, 129 (Feb 3)

[9] Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro)

[10] State Responsibility for Complicity in Genocide: The Requirement of Mens Rea, Erika Josefsson

[11] See, e.g., Rep. of the Int’l Criminal Court, 34, U.N. Doc. A/63/323 (Aug. 22, 2008) [hereinafter ICC Report]. The International Criminal Court (ICC) has made two indictments in the case of Darfur, but neither individual has been surrendered to the Court, and one still serves a political position in al-Bashir's administration. See id.; Q & A: Crisis in Darfur, HUM. RTS. WATCH [hereinafter Crisis in Darfur], http://www.hrw.org/ english/docs/2004/05/05/darfur8536.htm (last updated Apr. 25, 2008)

[12] The United Nations first referred the situation in Darfur to the ICC in 2005 through UN Security Council Resolution 1593. S.C. Res. 1593, available at U.N. Doc. S/RES/1593 (Mar. 31, 2005).

[13] Prosecutor v. Al Bashir, Case No. ICC-02/05-01/09, Warrant of Arrest, at 8 (Mar. 4, 2009).

[14] Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court arts. 12-13,July 17, 1998, 2187 U.N.T.S. 90 [hereinafter Rome Statute].

[17] See Laura Trevelyan, UN Urged to Suspend Sudan Case, BBC NEWS (Feb. 16, 2009), http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7892063.stm.

[18] See Zeynep Gurcanli, Sudan Seeks Turkey's Support in UN Security Council to Save al Bashir, HORRrvET DAiLY NEWS & ECON. REv. (Feb. 4, 2009), http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ english/world/10927100.asp?gid=244; see also Al-Bashir Seeks Egypt's Help on Darfur Warrant, NEWSVINE.COM (Feb. 22, 2009), http://www.newsvine.com/-news/2009/02/22/2464187- al-bashir-seeks-egypts-help-on-darfur-warrant.

[21] RESTATEMENT (THIRD) OF FOREIGN RELATIONS LAW § 206(a) (1987)

[22] See Nick Wadhams, Indicted Over Darfur, Sudan's President Feints and Punches Back, TIME (Oct. 21, 2008), http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1852448,00.html.

[24] United Nations. “Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.” UN Audiovisual Library of International Law. 2012.

[25] “Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide” p3

^{^[1]} International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). "Hague Conventions." http://casebook.icrc.org/a_to_z/glossary/hague-conventions.

^{^[2]} International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). "Summary of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols." https://www.redcross.org/content/dam/redcross/atg/PDF_s/International_Services/I.

^{^[3]} The Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu, ICTR-98-42-T, ¶ 580 (1998).

^{^[4]} Art. 5, The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[5]} Art. 7, The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[6]} Art. 8, The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[7]} Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda, I.C.J. Reports 2006 (I) 161.

^{^[8]} Melissa Lynch, "The International Criminal Court and Sexual Violence: A Look at the First Ten Years," (2018) https://www.ebsco.com/m/ee/Marketing/titleLists/i3h-coverage.htm.

^{^[9]} Celia Clark & Helen Morrison, "Prosecuting Sexual Violence in Conflict: The Role of the Specialist Chambers in Cambodia and Bosnia," International Review of the Red Cross 92, no. 894 (2010): 821-842, https://international-review.icrc.org/sites/default/files/irrc-894-sexual-violence-in-armed-conflict.pdf.

^{^[10]} Thomas Jarmon, "The Prosecutor's Role in Addressing Conflict-Related Sexual Violence," International Center for Transitional Justice (2008), https://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/women/docs/paper_prosecution_of_sexual_violence.pdf.

^{^[11]} Edited by Mariana Valverde, "Sexual Violence and International Criminal Law: Advancing Accountability Through Effective Investigations," Open Society Justice Initiative (2013), https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/andrew-cuomo-accused-of-sexual-harassment-by-former-aide-in-new-legal-filing/4891875/.

^{^[12]} Edited by William A. Schabas & Sang-Hyun Song, "The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary," International Bar Association (2013), https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/aa0e2b/pdf/.

^{^[13]} International Law Commission, "Draft Conclusions on Identification of Customary International Law," Yearbook of the International Law Commission, vol. 2, part 2 (2001): 8.

^{^[15]} Art. 7, The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[16]} Art. 7.1(a), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[17]} Art. 7.1(c), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[18]} Art. 7.1(g), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[20]} Art. 7.1(k), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[21]} Supra. Art. 7, The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[22]} The Prosecutor vs. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, ICC-01/04-01/06.

^{^[23]} Art. 12, The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[24]} United Nations Security Council. (2014, October 23). Security Council adopts resolution to ease aid delivery to Syrians, https://press.un.org/en/2014/sc11292.doc.htm

^{^[25]} Seelinger, K. T. (2014). Challenges in prosecuting sexual violence in armed conflict under Nigerian law. Scientific Research Publishing.

^{^[26]} International Review of the Red Cross [ICRC]. (2014). Sexual violence in armed conflict. International Review of the Red Cross, 96(894), 427–434.

^{^[27]} Mariana Valverde, ed., Sexual Violence and International Criminal Law: Advancing Accountability Through Effective Investigations (Open Society Justice Initiative, 2013), https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/what-we-do/themes/justice.

^{^[28]} Jarmon, The Prosecutor's Role in Addressing Conflict-Related Sexual Violence, International Center for Transitional Justice (2008), https://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/women/docs/paper_prosecution_of_sexual_violence.pdf, accessed April 1, 2024.

[1] Charu Majumdar, Historic Eight Documents, 13 (Foreign Languages Press 2020).

[2] Jitendra Narayan, Naxalism in Bihar: A Historical perspective, 72, The Indian Journal of Political Science, 1069 (2011).

[3] Rajesh k. Nayak, Naxalism, Private Caste Based Militias and Rural Violence in Cetral Bihar, 73, Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 1303-1304 (2012).

[4] Anand Chakravarti, Caste and Agrarian Class: A View from Bihar, 36, Economic and Political Weekly, 1452 (2001).

[5] Bela Bhatia, Naxalite Movement in Central Bihar, 40, Economic and Political Weekly, 1542 (2005).

[7] Kavita Krishnan, Battle for Justice and Democracy: Laxamanpur-Bathe, 45, Economic and Political Weekly, 10(2013).

[8] Arundhati Roy, Broken Republic: Three Essays, (Penguin Group 2011).

[9] Alpa Shah, The Tensions over Liberal Citizenship in a Marxist Revolutionary Situation: The Maoists in India, Critique of Anthropology, 33 (1) (2013), p. 493.

[10] Azad, Maoists in India: Writings and Interviews, 28 (Foreign Languages Press 2018).

[11] Nandini Sundar, The Burning Forest. India’s War in Bastar, 124 (Juggernaut Publication 2016).

[12] Srishti Chaurasia, YEARS OF OPPRESSION IN THE NAME OF “DEVELOPMENT:” A TALE OF ONGOING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN BASTAR, The Polis Project, (March 14, 2024, 22:06), https://www.thepolisproject.com/read/years-of-oppression-in-the-name-of-development-a-tale-of-ongoing-human-rights-violations-in-bastar/

[13] Santosh Mehrotra, Countering Naxalism with Development 71 (Sage Publications 2014)

[15] Debjeet Sarangi, How Development Excludes Adivasis, The Wire, (March 15, 2024, 22:34), https://thewire.in/rights/how-development-excludes-adivasis

[1] Eckert, Penelope, McConnell Ginet and Sally. Language and Gender. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, (last accessed on Jun 5, 2024).

[2] E. P. Royappa v. State of Tamil Nadu, AIR 1974 SC 555.

[3] Sabine Sczesny, Magda Formanowicz and Franziska Moser. (2016). Can Gender- Fair Language reduce gender stereotyping and discrimination?, Frontiers in Psychology, 02 February 2016, (last accessed on Jun 4, 2024).

[4] OHCHR, Eliminating Judicial Stereotyping, equal access to justice for women in gender-based violence cases (2014).

[5] Priya Nandan. (2022). Gender Neutral Laws in India, International Journal of Law Management & Humanities, Volume 5 (Issue 1).

[6] Available at: https://www.iimb.ac.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/UGC-Regulation-Prevention-and-Prohibition_1.pdf, (last accessed on Jun 4, 2024).

[9] Gartner RB. (1999). Sexual victimization of boys by men: Meanings and consequences. Journal of Gay Lesbian Psychotherapy, Doi:10.1080/19359705.1999.9962210, (last accessed on Jun 7, 2024).

[10] Dressler J. (1955). When heterosexual men kill homosexual men: Reflections on provocation law, sexual advances and the reasonable man standard. Journal of Criminal Law Psychology, Volume 85 (Issue 3), pg 726–63, (last accessed on Jun 3, 2024).

[11] UNICEF Strategy to Prevent and Respond to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse and Sexual Harassment, January 2019, available at: https://www.unicef.org/sites/default/files/2019-05/UNICEF-StrategyPrevent-Respond-Sexual-Exploitation-Abuse-Sexual-Harassment-January-2019.pdf, (last accessed on Jun 2, 2024).

[12] Ministry of Health and Family Affairs, Government of India, Guidelines and Protocols on Medico-Legal Care for survivors/victims of sexual violence, 2014, available at: https://main.mohfw.gov.in/ sites/default/files/953522324.pdf, (last accessed on Jun 2, 2024).

[13] National Institute of Justice. (October 25, 2010). Overview of Rape and Sexual Violence. Available at: https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/overview-rape-and-sexual-violence (last visited on: Jun 10, 2024).

[14] Fulbright Rose Norton. (May 19, 2010). The Equality Act 2010- one statue to cover all discrimination laws. https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=7d353d53-b503-4e4ab86c-c13940875143

[15] Available at: https://www.firstpost.com/india/sc-dismisses-plea-to-make-sexual-assault-gender-neutralmove-reflects-courts-reluctance-to-view-rape-cases-as-victim-centric-4337983.html, (last accessed on Jun 5, 2024).

[3] In constituent assembly on November 25, 1949.

[7] M.P. Jain, Indian Constitutional Law, Wadhwa Publications Nagpur, 2008, p 903.

[9] “Article 39 (d): It states equal pay for equal work for both men and women”.

[11] Kirloskar Brothers Ltd v. Employees State Insurance Corp., (1996) 2 SCC 682.

[12] Article 51 a (e) of Indian Constitution: “to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women”.

[17] Article 23 of Indian Constitution: Prohibits the traffic in human beings and forced labor such as begar. The Human Trafficking is the illegal trade in human beings for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation, prostitution or forced labour.

[19] Dr. Anjani Kant, Law Relating to Women and Children, Central Law Publications, Allahabad, 2006.

[1] Francois Gemenne et al, Forced Displacement related to the impacts of Climate Change and Disasters, (Jun.2021), https://www.unhcr.org/people-forced-to-flee-book/wp-content/uploads/sites/137/2021/10/Franc?ois-Gemenne-et-al_Forced-displacement-related-to-the-impacts-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf

[2] International Law Commission, Draft Articles on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters, with Commentaries, 2016, ILC Commentary to Article 5 at ¶ 8, www.refworld.org/docid/5f64dc3c4.html

[3] UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Legal considerations regarding claims for international protection made in the context of the adverse effects of climate change and disasters, (Oct.1, 2020) https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2020/en/123356

[4] IPCC (2013), Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Stocker T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley, Cambridge University Press.

[5] Frank B, Ingrid B., Preparing for a Warmer World: Towards a Global Governance System to Protect Climate Refugees, Global Environmental Politics 10,67 (2010).

[6] Gauri S Rane, Riddhi Jangam, India’s climate refugees and legal implications, International Journal of Law, 8, 118-122 (2022).

[7] Rafael Leal-Arcas, Climate Migrants: Legal Options, Procedia- Social and Behavioural Sciences,37, 86-96 (2012).

[8] U.N Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Jul. 28, 1951, 189 U.N.T.S 150.

[9] Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Francis M. Deng, submitted pursuant to Commission resolution 1997/39, E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2 (Feb.11,1998).

[11] Sincy Wilson, Recognition of Climate Refugees: What should be India’s stand?, Refugee Law Initiative, (Mar.18,2021), https://rli.blogs.sas.ac.uk/2021/03/18/recognition-of-climate-refugees-what-should-be-indias-stand, 2022

[12] Shreya Singh, Climate Migration and Displacement: Challenges and Responses, Indian Council of World Affairs, (Feb.21, 2024), https://www.icwa.in/show_content.php?lang=1&level=1&ls_id=10542&lid=6710

[13] Ioane Teitiota v. New Zealand, CCPR/C/127/D/2728/2016, UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), (Jan. 2, 2020), https://www.refworld.org/jurisprudence/caselaw/hrc/2020/en/123128.

[14] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Mar. 23, 1976, 189 U.N.T.S 137.

[15] Humanitarian visas: building on Brazil’s experience, Forced Migration Review, https://www.fmreview.org/jubilut-andrade-madureira/

[16] Australia-Tuvalu Falepili Union treaty, Aus.-Tuv., Nov. 9,2023.

[17] Global Report on Internal Displacement 2020, IDMC (Apr.2020)

[18] The Climate Migrants (Protection and Rehabilitation) Bill,2022, Bill No. 160 of 2022 (July 7,2022).

[29] Dina Ionesco, Head of MECC Division at UNIOM, (Jun.6,2019), https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/06/lets-talk-about-climate-migrants-not-climate-refugees/

[30] Hari, Vittal et al., Climate hazards are threatening vulnerable migrants in Indian megacities, Nature Climate Change,11, 636 – 638 (2021).

[1] M. Michelraj, Historical Evolution of transgender Community in India pg. - 17-19, Asian Review of Social Sciences,https://www.trp.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ARSS-Vol.4-No.1-Jan-June-2015-pp.17-19.pdf.

[4] Barelawindia, LGBTQ+ Rights in India: A Comprehensive Legal Guide, BareLaw (August 10, 2023), https://www.barelaw.in/lgbtq-rights-in-india-a-comprehensive-legal-guide/.

[5] Bonnie J. Morris, A Brief History of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender social movements, American psychological Association (March 16, 2023), https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/history.

[1] Umakanth Varottil, Emergence of Shareholder Activism in India, 1 QUARTERLY BRIEFING: NSE CENTRE FOR EXCELLENCE IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (2013).

[2] Lucian Arye Bebchuk, The Case of Increasing Shareholder Power, 118 HARVARD LAW REVIEW 833 (2005).

[3] Albert O. Hirshman, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty (1970).

[4]Jayne Elizabeth Zanglein, From Wall Street Walk to Wall Street Talk: The Changing Face of Corporate Governance, 11 DEPAUL BUSINESS LAW JOURNAL 43 (1999).

[5] Lisa M Fairfax, From Apathy to Activism: The Emergence, Impact, and Future of Shareholder Activism as the New Corporate Governance Norm, 99 B.U. L. Rev. 1301 (2019).

[7] Guy R. Jubb & Nirmal Mohanty , An Indian Stewardship Code: Imperatives and Challenges, 19 QUARTERLY BRIEFING: NSE CENTRE FOR EXCELLENCE IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (2017), https://www1.nseindia.com/research/content/res_QBOctober17.pdf (last visited Jan 10, 2023).

[8] Umakanth Varottil, Shareholder stewardship in India: The Desiderata, NUS LAW WORKING PAPER NO. 2020/005, NUS CENTRE FOR ASIAN LEGAL STUDIES WORKING PAPER 20. https://law.nus.edu.sg/cals/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2020/10/005_2020_Umakanth.pdf (accessed 10th January, 2023).

[10]OECD, Ownership structure of Listed Companies in India OECD (2020), https://www.oecd.org/corporate/ownership-structure-listed-companies-india.pdf (last visited Jan 15, 2024).

[15] Sakshat Bansal & Rusha Ghosh Dastidar, Promoting good corporate governance in India through institutional investors’ activism: Concerns and steps forward Economic and Political Weekly (2022), https://www.epw.in/engage/article/promoting-good-corporate-governance-india-through (last visited Jan 10, 2024).

[18] Sunainaa Chadha, All-time high: Domestic investors pip foreign investors in ownership of stocks in June quarter - Times of India The Times of India (2022), https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/all-time-high-domestic-investors-pip-foreign-investors-in-ownership-of-stocks-in-june-quarter/articleshow/93322058.cms (last visited Jan 10, 2024).

[21] SEBI (Listing & Disclosure Requirements) Regulation, 2015.

[22] Krishna Gopalan, Shareholders’ activism: Why the Siddhartha Lal Episode is a wake up call for all companies Business Today (2021), https://www.businesstoday.in/auto/story/shareholders-activism-why-the-siddhartha-lal-episode-is-a-wake-up-call-for-all-companies-304816-2021-08-20 (last visited Sep 12, 2022).

[24] SEBI, Procedural Guidelines for Proxy Advisors, SEBI/HO/IMD/DF1/CIR/P/2020/147 Securities and Exchange Board of India (2020), https://www.sebi.gov.in/legal/circulars/aug-20issue20/procedural-guidelines-for-proxy-advisors_47250.html (last visited Jan 10, 2024).

[26] Chester Spatt, Proxy advisory firms, governance, failure, and regulation The Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance (2019), https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2019/06/25/proxy-advisory-firms-governance-failure-and-regulation (last visited Jan 8, 2024).

[27] Sunainaa Chadha, All-time high: Domestic investors pip foreign investors in ownership of stocks in June quarter - Times of India The Times of India (2022), https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/all-time-high-domestic-investors-pip-foreign-investors-in-ownership-of-stocks-in-june-quarter/articleshow/93322058.cms (last visited Jan 10, 2024).

[28] John C. Coffee, Liquidity versus Control: The Institutional Investor as Corporate Monitor, 91 Columbia Law Review 1277–1368 (1991), https://www.jstor.org/stable/1123064?origin=crossref (last visited Jan 5, 2024).

[29] Edward B. Rock, The Logic and (Uncertain) Significance of Institutional Shareholder Activism, 79 Georgetown Law Journal 445–506 (1991); Benard S. Black, Shareholder Passivity Re-Examined, 89 Michigan Law Review 520–608 (1990).

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES IN HOLDING A STATE ACCOUNTABLE UNDER GENOCIDE CONVENTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BY - SUKHADA DHOTE

AN ANALYSIS TOWARDS VICARIOUS LIABILITY OF STATE IN REFERENCE WITH TORTS LAW BY: HITESH SHARMA & MS. PRIYADARSHINI TIWARI

THE PROSECUTING SEXUAL VIOLENCE AS A WAR CRIME UNDER INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW BY: - JYOTSANA SINGH

STATE, DEVELOPMENT, AND RESISTANCE: THE MAOIST CHALLENGE BY - ABHINAV ANAND

Gender Neutrality With Special Refernce To Indian Legal System: A Comparative Analysis by - JOY PARIMALA

Legislations On Gender Equality. by - DR. KHUSHBOO

Beyond Borders: Rethinking Legal Protection For Climate Migrants In India by - ANAGHA RAMDASS

Legal Discrimination Against Lgbtqia+ People And Their Rights In Employment by - VIDHI KAPOOR

The Constitutional Implications Of The Citizenship Amendment Act (Caa) And National Register Of Citizens (Nrc) In India: Analyzing Recent Developments And Judicial Responses by - DR. C. USHA

Institutional Investors: Contemporary Issues in India and Reforms by - Pooja Shree A

LAW JOURNAL

IMPORTANT LINKS

ETHICS & POLICY

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

[29] Dina Ionesco, Head of MECC Division at UNIOM, (Jun.6,2019), https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/06/lets-talk-about-climate-migrants-not-climate-refugees/

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation 2