INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

REVOLUTIONIZING THE INDIAN LEGAL LANDSCAPE: PREDICTINING THE IMPACT OF AI AND VIRTUAL HEARINGS BY - ARYAMAN KESHAV

Authors : ARYAMAN KESHAV

Registration ID : 107718 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7718

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : aryamankeshav_ug20@tnnu.ac.in

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BEYOND THE BRANCHES: DOCTRINE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS BY - SAMIYA CHOUDHARY

Authors : SAMIYA CHOUDHARY

Registration ID : 107717 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7717

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : samiyachoudhary02@gmail.com

Page No : 18 | No of times Downloads: 0065

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ARUNA RAMCHANDRA SHANBAUG VS. UNION OF INDIA- CASE ANALYSIS BY - KANAK SHARMA

Authors : KANAK SHARMA

Registration ID : 107716 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7716

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : sharmakanak141@gmail.com

Page No : 11 | No of times Downloads: 0065

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PLANT PROTECTION BOON OR BANE BY - SIDDHARTH BHATTACHARYYA

Authors : SIDDHARTH BHATTACHARYYA

Registration ID : 107715 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7715

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : mamnu_2001@yahoo.in

Page No : 13 | No of times Downloads: 0065

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SUSTAINABLE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ECOSYSTEM FOR COMPUTER RELATED INVENTION IN RELATION TO PATENTING THE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES IN INDIA. BY - MR. PRATYUSH PANDEY & DR. ANSHUMAN MISHRA

Authors : MR. PRATYUSH PANDEY & DR. ANSHUMAN MISHRA

Registration ID : 107714 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7713 & IJLRA7714

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : pratyush1211@gmail.com & anshumanmishra73@gmail.com

Page No : 16 | No of times Downloads: 0065

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FROM JURIES TO JUDGES: THE NANAVATI VERDICTS IMPACT ON INDIAS JUSTICE SYSTEM BY - PRABH VOHRA

Authors : PRABH VOHRA

Registration ID : 107712 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7712

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : Prabhvohra83006@gmail.com

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EXPLORING THE JUSTIFICATION FOR RESTRICTING FREEDOM OF SPEECH IN DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES. BY: AFSAR AHAMED.N

Authors : AFSAR AHAMED.N

Registration ID : 107711 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7711

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : aafsarahamed@gmail.com

Page No : 18 | No of times Downloads: 0065

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CASTE-BASED RESERVATION IN EDUCATION: BALANCING SOCIAL JUSTICE WITH EQUALITY BY - VANSH CHADHA & CHERRY SINGHAL

Authors : VANSH CHADHA & CHERRY SINGHAL

Registration ID : 107709 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7709 & IJLRA7710

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : chadhavansh1234@gmail.com & cherrysinghal10@gmail.com

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GUARDIANS OF PRIVACY: UNRAVELING INDIA’S DATA PROTECTION FRAMEWORK BY: MS. VAISHALI & DR. SHAMMI KESH ROY

Authors: MS. VAISHALI & DR. SHAMMI KESH ROY

Registration ID: 107707 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7707 & IJLRA7708

Year: May-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: vsingh3803@gmail.com

Page No: 17 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-86214628/GUARDIANS OF PRIVACY: UNRAVELING INDIA’S DATA PR

PROTECTION OF RIGHT OF RELIGIOUS MINORITY IN INDIA AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF USA AND UK BY - NITIN CHANCHAL & DR. AVISHEK RAJ

Authors: NITIN CHANCHAL & DR. AVISHEK RAJ

Registration ID: 107705 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7705 & IJLRA7706

Year: May-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

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[2] Mark A. Cohen, “COVID-19 And The Reformation Of Legal Culture” Forbesavailable at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/markcohen1/2020/04/14/covid-19-and-the-reformation-of-legal-culture/ (last visited May 2, 2023).

[3] In times of crisis, legal systems may prioritize maintaining established legal norms and procedures, rather than making rapid changes that could have unintended consequences. This caution can be seen in the way that legal systems have responded to challenges such as war, terrorism, and pandemics, where there has been a tendency to rely on existing laws and regulations rather than enacting new ones.

[4] Maneesh Chhibber, “How lockdown has hit judiciary, in numbers — April cases fall to 82k from 14 lakh avg in 2019” ThePrint, 2020available at: https://theprint.in/judiciary/how-lockdown-has-hit-judiciary-in-numbers-april-cases-fall-to-82k-from-14-lakh-avg-in-2019/413666/ (last visited May 3, 2023).

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[9] The State Of Maharashtra v. Dr. Praful B. Desai, (2003) 4 SCC 601.

[10] Krishna Veni Nagam v. Harish Nigam, (2014) Transfer petition (CIVIL) NO. 1912 OF 2014.

[11] Santhini v. Vijaya Venketesh, (2017) Transfer petition (CIVIL) NO.1278 OF 2016.

[13] Ejaz Maqbool Hakim Akriti Chaubey,Mohammad Isa, “The Supreme Court is online: Pros, cons and the way forward for hearings by video conferencing” Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news, 2020available at: https://www.barandbench.com/columns/the-supreme-court-is-online (last visited May 3, 2023).

[14] All India Association of Jurists v. High Court of Uttarakhand, (2021) Writ Petition (Civil) NO. 941 OF 2021.

[15] “Retain virtual courts post COVID-19, too: Parliamentary panel, Sharma, Pratul”, The Week, 2020, accessed 3 May 2023.

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[17] “India: internet penetration rate 2022,” Statistaavailable at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/792074/india-internet-penetration-rate/ (last visited May 5, 2023).

[18] Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Third edition, Global edition (Pearson, Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo, 2016).

[19] Clifford Chance, “Artificial Intelligence and The Future For Legal Services,” (2017).

[21] Nikolaos Aletras et al., “Predicting judicial decisions of the European Court of Human Rights: a Natural Language Processing perspective,” 2 PeerJ Computer Science e93 (2016).

[22] “Judges Replacing Conjecture With Formula for Bail - The New York Times,”available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/27/us/turning-the-granting-of-bail-into-a-science.html (last visited May 5, 2023).

[23] Ganesh Sahu, Anshu Goyal and Satyabrat Sahoo, “A Review on Uses of Machine Learning in Judicial Court,” 7 (2022).

[24] “Can AI Be a Fair Judge in Court? Estonia Thinks So | WIRED,”available at: https://www.wired.com/story/can-ai-be-fair-judge-court-estonia-thinks-so/ (last visited May 5, 2023).

[25] In principle, both sides would submit papers and other relevant evidence, and the AI will provide a decision that may be appealed to a human judge. Estonia's 1.3 million residents already have a national ID card and are used to online services like e-voting and digital tax filing, so a robot judge could work.

[26] Aleš Završnik, “Criminal justice, artificial intelligence systems, and human rights” 20 ERA Forum 567 (2020).

[27] Jon Kleinberg, Himabindu Lakkaraju, et al., “Human Decisions and Machine Predictions*” The Quarterly Journal of Economics (2017).

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[30] Prashant Bhushan and Anr., (2020) SCC Online SC 407.

[31] “SC is global leader in virtual hearings, says law ministry,” The Times of India, 17 February 2021.

[33] Stats taken from ‘Monthly Pending Cases: Supreme Court.’ https://main.sci.gov.in/statistics. Accessed 4 May 2023.

[35] The Supreme Court e-committee was formed in 2004 by an order of the Ministry of Law and Justice in response to a suggestion by the then Chief Justice of India.

[37]“India: internet penetration rate 2022,” Statistaavailable at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/792074/india-internet-penetration-rate/ (last visited May 5, 2023).

[38] Hani Nishad v. State of UP, SLP (Crl) No 8915/2018.

[39] State of Punjab & Anr. V. Rajesh Syal, AIR 2002 SC 3687.

[40] Narinderjit Singh Sahni v Union of India & Ors, WP (Crl) No 245/2000.

[42] Ganesh Sahu, Anshu Goyal, et al., “A Review on Uses of Machine Learning in Judicial Court,” 7 (2022).

^{^[1]}Jacob Finkelman, ‘Separation of powers: A Study in Administrative Law’, The University of Toronto law journal, Vol. 1, No.2, (1936).

[3] Vrad Kilor, Criminalization in Politics and Separation of Powers, (2022) PL February 64.

[4] Karan Tyagi, ‘The Doctrine of Separation of Powers and its Relevance in time of Coalition politics’, Vol. 69, No. 3, The Indian Journal of Political Science, pp. 619-625, (2008).

[5] constituent assemble debates(proceedings)- volume VII- Friday, 10th Dec, 1948, para 20.

[6] Constituent assemble debates(proceedings)- volume VII- Friday, 10th Dec, 1948.

[13] P.M Bakshi, Comparative Law: Separation of Powers in India, 42 A.B.A.J. 553 (1956).

[16] P. Kannadasan & Ors. v. State of Tamil Nadu 1996(5) SC 670.

[17] Kesavananda Bharti V. State of Kerela, (1973) 4 SCC 225.

[19] Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab, (1994) 3 SCC 569.

[20] Karan Tyagi, ‘The Doctrine of Separation of Powers and its Relevance in time of Coalition politics’, Vol. 69, No. 3, The Indian Journal of Political Science, pp. 619-625, (2008).

[21] Richa Goel, ‘Separation of Power’, (3 october, 2022), <Separation of powers (ipleaders.in)>, accessed on 22 April, 2024.

[33] Ram Jawaya Kapoor V. Union Of India AIR (1955) SC 569.

[34] Mahantesh, Dyanmics of Constituionalism in iNida- An Appraisal, IJLS(2018) 28.

[35] Frankfurter-The Public and its Government (1930) quoted by B. Schwartz in American Constituional Law, 1955 Page 286.

[1] Research Scholar, Faculty of Law, University of Allahabad. (Email: pratyush1211@gmail.com, Mob: 7376748533)

[2] Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Allahabad. (Email: anshumanmishra73@gmail.com)

[4]The Parliament added the words per se after accepting the proposition which was introduced in section 3(k) enacted by the Patent (Amendment) Act, 2002. I.A. No. 6735/2014 in CS (OS) No.1045/ 2014 at 151.

[5] See also, Ravindra Chingale and Srikrishna Deva Rao, "Software Patent in India: A Comparative Judicial and Emperical Overview", 20 Journal of Intellectual Property Rights, July 2015 at 212

[6]Parliament of India Rajya Sabha The Patents (Second Amendment) Bill, 1999 Report of The Joint Committee, 2001.

[8]Manual of Patent Office Practice and Procedure Version 01.11 As Modified on March 22, 2011, Published By: The Office of Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trademarks.

[10]Ashish Bharadwaj, Patents on software: India's CRI Guidelines Create Impractical Situation, available at: http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/patents-on-software-indias-cri-guidelines-create-impracticalsituation/424635/ (last visited on 23/03/2024)

[11] Guidelines for Examination of Computer Related Inventions available at https://ipindia.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/IPOGuidelinesManuals/1_83_1_Guidelines-for-Examination-of-CRIs-19-2-2016.pdf

[18]Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs, 2023:DHC:3342

[20]Ferid Allani v Union Of India and Ors. W.P.(C) 7/2014 & CM APPL. 40736/2019

[22]ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY FIRST REPORT Review of the Intellectual Property Rights Regime in India (Presented to the Rajya Sabha on 23rd July, 2021) (Laid on the Table of Lok Sabha on 23rd July, 2021).

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[4] (Akhilesh pallalamari) why is freedom of speech restricted in india (cited on 25.4.2024.) https://thediplomat.com/2022/10/why-is-free-speech-limited-in-india/

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[7] Brij Bhushan, (cited on 25.04.2024) (1950) SCR 605.

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[17] Indian Express Newspapers (Bombay) Private Ltd. v. Union of India - Global Freedom of Expression. (2023, November 2). Global Freedom of Expression. (cited on 26.04.2024) https://globalfreedomofexpression.columbia.edu/cases/indian-express-newspapers-bombay-private-ltd-v-union-of-india/

[18] Indian Express Newspapers (Bombay) Private Ltd. v. Union of India (1985) 2 S.C.R. 287 (cited on 26.04.2024)

[19] Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Govt. of India v. Bengal Cricket Association, (cited on 26.04.2024), (1995) 2 SCC 161

[20]India of Ramila Maidan Incident v. Home Secretary, Union of India [2012] 4 S.C.R. 971 (cited on 26.04.2024)

[21] Advay vora supreme court observations (23^rd june 2023) (cited on 26.04.2024)

[1] C. Basavaraju, Reservation Under The Constitution Of India: Issues And Perspectives, 51 J.I.L.I. 267, 271 (2009).

[5] Bhagwan Das, Moments in a History of Reservation, 35 E.P.W. 3831, 3832 (2000).

[7] Bidyut Chakrabarty, The Communal Award of 1932 and Its Implications in Bengal, 3 M.A.S. 493, 495-500 (1989).

[11] Aditya Nigam, Mandal Commission and the Left, 25 E.P.W. 2652, 2652 (1990).

[13] Rakesh Basant, Social, Economic and Educational Conditions of Indian Muslims, 42 E.P.W. 828, 830 (2007).

[16] Kanta Kataria, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as a Nation-Builder, 73 T.I.J.P.S. 601, 602 (2012).

[17] L. Chinzakham Ngaihte, Merit and Reservation, 26 E.P.W. 70, 70 (1991).

[18] Ghanshyam Shah, Caste, Class and Reservation, 20 E.P.W. 132, 133 (1985).

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[25] Dipankar Gupta, Towards Affirmative Action, 33 I.I.C.Q. 150, 155 (2007).

[1] Burman, A. (2023, October 3). Understanding India’s new data protection law. Carnegie India. https://carnegieindia.org/2023/10/03/understanding-india-s-new-data-protection-law-pub-90624

[2] Wolford, B. (2023, September 14). What is GDPR, the EU’s new data protection law? GDPR.eu. https://gdpr.eu/what-is-gdpr/

[3] Dowden, M. (2023, August 25). India Welcomes Landmark Data Protection Law. https://natlawreview.com/article/india-welcomes-landmark-data-protection-law.

[4] What is the Applicability of the DPDP Act. (n.d.). https://www.leegality.com/consent-blog/dpdp-applicability

[5] Briefing, I. (2023, December 20). India’s Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023. India Briefing News. https://www.india-briefing.com/news/indias-digital-personal-data-protection-act-2023-key-provisions-29021.html/

[6] Bindal, S. (2023, September 11). Empowering Gender Neutrality: DPDP Act’s use of feminine pronouns to refer to all genders. Fox Mandal. https://www.foxmandal.in/empowering-gender-neutrality-dpdp-acts-use-of-feminine-pronouns-to-refer-to-all-genders/#:~:text=In%20a%20remarkable%20stride%20towards,address%20individuals%20of%20all%20genders.

[7] Sahoo, N. (2023, October 10). Rights of a data principal under the DPDP Act. VISTA InfoSec. https://www.vistainfosec.com/blog/dpdp-act-data-principal-rights/

[8] India’s DPDPA 2023 | Rights & Business Compliance Guide. (2024, April 19). https://secureprivacy.ai/. https://secureprivacy.ai/blog/india-dpdp-act-data-principal-rights-and-requests

[9] Tsaaro. (2024, January 22). Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 - Tsaaro Consulting. https://tsaaro.com/blogs/rights-and-duties-under-the-digital-personal-data-protection-act-2023/

[10] Top 6 operational impacts of India’s DPDPA – Obligations of data processing entities. (n.d.). https://iapp.org/resources/article/operational-impacts-of-indias-dpdpa-part3/

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[12] Barat, D. (2023, December 22). The importance of being ‘Significant’: significant data fiduciaries under India’s proposed data protection regime. S&R Associates. https://www.snrlaw.in/the-importance-of-being-significant-significant-data-fiduciaries-under-indias-proposed-data-protection-regime/

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[16] Chauhan, B. S. D. G. &. A. S., & Law, L. (2023, May 25). Live law. Live Law. https://www.livelaw.in/articles/cross-border-data-transfer-regulations-global-trade-digital-services-data-protection-229472

[17] The roadmap to cross-border data transfer. (2023, June 7). BusinessLine. https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/the-roadmap-to-cross-border-data-transfer/article66943043.ece

[18] Pti. (2023, August 4). Data Protection bill to enable easier cross-border data transfer, act as an enabler for startups: experts. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/data-protection-bill-to-enable-easier-cross-border-data-transfer-act-as-an-enabler-for-startups-experts/articleshow/102433437.cms?from=mdr

[19] Parsheera, S. (2022, August 31). What’s shaping India’s policy on Cross-Border data flows? - Data Governance, Asian Alternatives: How India and Korea are creating new models and policies. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/08/31/what-s-shaping-india-s-policy-on-cross-border-data-flows-pub-87769

[20] Atkinson, R. D., & Cory, N. (2021). Cross-Border Data Policy: opportunities and challenges. In China and globalization (pp. 217–232). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5391-9_20

[21] Legal Dimensions of Data Protection: Examining Penalties under the DPDP Act 2023 | Rainmaker Blog. (2023, September 27). https://rainmaker.co.in/blog/view/legal-dimensions-of-data-protection-examining-penalties-under-the-dpdp-act-2023

[22] Usercentrics. (2024, February 21). India Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDP Act): An Overview. Consent Management Platform (CMP) Usercentrics. https://usercentrics.com/knowledge-hub/india-digital-personal-data-protection-act-dpdpa/

[23] Bareh, C. K. (2024). Reviewing the Privacy Implications of Indias Digital Personal Data Protection Act (2023) from Library Contexts. DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology, 44(1), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.14429/djlit.44.1.18410

[24] Data Protection Act 2023’s Impact on Consumer Businesses: The Way forward. (2023, October 19). Grant Thornton Bharat. https://www.grantthornton.in/insights/blogs/data-protection-act-2023s-impact-on-consumer-businesses-the-way-forward/

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

REVOLUTIONIZING THE INDIAN LEGAL LANDSCAPE: PREDICTINING THE IMPACT OF AI AND VIRTUAL HEARINGS BY - ARYAMAN KESHAV

BEYOND THE BRANCHES: DOCTRINE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS BY - SAMIYA CHOUDHARY

ARUNA RAMCHANDRA SHANBAUG VS. UNION OF INDIA- CASE ANALYSIS BY - KANAK SHARMA

PLANT PROTECTION BOON OR BANE BY - SIDDHARTH BHATTACHARYYA

SUSTAINABLE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ECOSYSTEM FOR COMPUTER RELATED INVENTION IN RELATION TO PATENTING THE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES IN INDIA. BY - MR. PRATYUSH PANDEY & DR. ANSHUMAN MISHRA

FROM JURIES TO JUDGES: THE NANAVATI VERDICTS IMPACT ON INDIAS JUSTICE SYSTEM BY - PRABH VOHRA

EXPLORING THE JUSTIFICATION FOR RESTRICTING FREEDOM OF SPEECH IN DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES. BY: AFSAR AHAMED.N

CASTE-BASED RESERVATION IN EDUCATION: BALANCING SOCIAL JUSTICE WITH EQUALITY BY - VANSH CHADHA & CHERRY SINGHAL

GUARDIANS OF PRIVACY: UNRAVELING INDIA’S DATA PROTECTION FRAMEWORK BY: MS. VAISHALI & DR. SHAMMI KESH ROY

PROTECTION OF RIGHT OF RELIGIOUS MINORITY IN INDIA AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF USA AND UK BY - NITIN CHANCHAL & DR. AVISHEK RAJ

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[2] Attygalle v. Emperor, (1936)38BOMLR700

[3] Ramanugrah Singh v. King Emperor (1946), (1946)48BOMLR768

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