E- GOVERNANCE: A GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE BY - MEGHNA TYAGI

Authors: MEGHNA TYAGI

Registration ID: 107255 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7255

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: meghnatyagi35@gmail.com

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INTRISTIC AIDS IN US LAW BY - TEJAS SINGH & EDWIN LEPCHA

Authors: TEJAS SINGH & EDWIN LEPCHA

Registration ID: 107253 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7253 & IJLRA7254

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: edwinlepcha11@gmail.com

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PERSPECTIVES ON ELECTORAL REFORMS IN INDIA: INSIGHTS FROM THE SUPREME COURT AND LAW COMMISSION BY - SOFTY TIBRIWAL & GANESH SHARMA

Authors: SOFTY TIBRIWAL & GANESH SHARMA

Registration ID: 107251 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7251 & IJLRA7252

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: tibriwalsofty20@gmail.com & ganeshsharma2308@gmail.com

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SEDITION LAW IN INDIA BY - GAURAV KUMAR, ANIKET KUMAR & DR VIVEK KUMAR

Authors: GAURAV KUMAR, ANIKET KUMAR & DR VIVEK KUMAR

Registration ID: 107250 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7250, IJLRA7258 & IJLRA7259

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: gauravkrsingh014@gmail.com

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COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE: ORIGIN AND TYPES BY: AAKANKSHA CHANDRA

Authors: AAKANKSHA CHANDRA

Registration ID: 107249 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7249

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: aakankshachandra518@gmail.com

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SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF DRUG ABUSE BY - SAPNA RAJMANI

Authors: SAPNA RAJMANI

Registration ID: 107248 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7248

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: sapna.rajmani@gmail.com

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THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT 1935: PUNJAB BY: MONAL

Authors: MONAL

Registration ID: 107247 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7247

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: mk1374877@gmail.com

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COMPARISON OF SALIENT FEATURES OF THE INDIAN AND USA CONSTITUTION BY: VAISHNAVI PRASHANT YADAV

Authors: VAISHNAVI PRASHANT YADAV

Registration ID: 107246 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7246

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: vaishnaviyadav6009@gmail.com

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PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES – COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH DIFFERENT COUNTRIES AND NEED FOR LEGISLATION ON PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES BY: ADV. PALLAVI NITIN PAWAR

Authors: ADV. PALLAVI NITIN PAWAR

Registration ID: 107245 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7245

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: pallavintn27@gmail.com

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THE PROCESS OF INTERPRETATION OF LAW AND ROLE OF JUDGES BY - BHAVNA SHUKLA

Authors: BHAVNA SHUKLA

Registration ID: 107244 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7244

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: bhavishuk06@gmail.com

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International journal for legal research and analysis

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^{^[7]} Council of Europe, E- Governance, Council of Europe (Mar, 10, 2024, 04:00 PM), https://www.coe.int/t/dgap/democracy/Activities/GGIS/E-governance/.

^{^[8]} Pan Suk Kim, Development of Democratic E- Governance in Cyberspace & Shaping E- Governance for Quality of Life, 15 (2004).

^{^[9]} Nikita Yadav and V.B. Singh, E- Governance: Past, Present and Future in India, 53 IJCA. 36, 37-38 (2012).

^{^[10]} Second Administrative Commission, Eleventh Report, Promoting e- Governance Smart Way Forward.

^{^[11]} Himanshu Sangrola and Rahul Palaria, E- Governance in India, IJET. 318, 318 (2017).

^{^[12]} Karnataka Government, Khajane- Karnatak's Online Treasury System, Karnataka Government (Mar, 15, 2024, 08:20 PM), https://www.karnataka.com/govt/khajane/.

^{^[13]} Akshaya, Akshaya- Gateway of Opportunities, Kerala Government (Mar, 15, 2024, 08:45 PM), http://www.akshaya.kerala.gov.in/.

^{^[14]} Bengaluru Urban District, Bhoomi- Comprehensive System of Land Management, Karnataka Government (Mar, 15, 2024, 09:00 PM), https://bengaluruurban.nic.in/en/bhoomi/.

^{^[16]} Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Lokvani in Uttar Pradesh, Govt. of India (Mar, 17, 2024, 03:10 PM) https://darpg.gov.in/webcast/lokvani-uttar-pradesh.

^{^[18]} E Mitra, About E Mitra, Rajasthan Government (Mar, 17, 2024, 04:15 PM) https://emitra.rajasthan.gov.in/emitra/about.

^{^[19]} Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, National e- Governance Plan, Government of India (Mar, 17, 2024, 04:30 PM) https://www.meity.gov.in/divisions/national-e-governance-plan.

^{^[20]} Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, State Wide Area Network, Government of India (Mar, 18, 2024, 03:30 PM) https://www.meity.gov.in/content/state-wide-area-network-swan-0.

^{^[21]} Himanshu Sangrola and Rahul Palaria, E- Governance in India, IJET. 318, 320 (2017).

^{^[22]} Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, e- Kranti, Government of India (Mar, 18, 2024, 04:00 PM) https://www.meity.gov.in/content/e-kranti.

^{^[23]} Press Information Bureau, Approach and Key Components of e- Kranti- National e- Governance Plan 2.0, Government of India (Mar, 19, 2024, 02:00 PM) https://pib.gov.in/newsite/printrelease.aspx?relid=117690.

^{^[24]} Raghuraj Khullar, E- Governance in India: Problems and Solutions, 11 IJCRT. 607, 608-609 (2023).

^{^[25]} Nagaraj K. , E- Governance in India: Issues and Challenges, 7, IOSR-JEF. 50, 54 (2016).

^{^[1]} St. Louis, Earl Crawford, Construction of Statutes: Including a General Discussion of Certain Foundational Subjects (4th edn, Thomas Law Book Co.)

^{^[3]} Antonin Scalia, Bryan a Garner, Reading Law: The Interpretation of Legal Texts (1^st edn, Thomson).

^{^[4]} Adler, Matthew D and Kenneth Einar Himma, The Rule of Recognition and the U.S. Constitution (N.Y.: OUP 2009).

^{^[6]} 194 S.E. 278 (1937).

^{^[11]} M Bacon, A new Abridgment of the Law (first published 1736, Bird Wilson 1842).

^{^[18]}188 N.J. Super. 656, 458 A.2d 165 (N.J. Super. Law Div. 1983).

[1] 5^th year, B.B.A., LL.B. (Hons.) at Amity University, Rajasthan

[2] 5^th year, B.Com LL.B. (Hons.) at Amity University, Rajasthan

[3] The first electoral reform bill was presented in Lok Sabha in 1973, but it was never approved.

[4] [The minimum number] of judges who are to sit for the purpose of deciding any case involving a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this constitution or for the purpose of hearing any reference under article 143. DD Basu, Indian Constitution, Lexis-Nexis India, 2011, 312 (8th ed., 2011).

[5] Abhiram Singh v. C.D. Commachen (Dead) by Lrs. & Ors. Civil Appeal No. 37 of 1992 & 8339 of 1995 at 57-58.

[6] Promoting or attempting to promote on ground of religion, race, caste, community, or language, feeling of enmity or hatred, between different classes of the citizens of India. S. 125 at 71, & 153A, Chapter VIII of the IPC, Gazette of India, Representation of the People Act, 1951.

[7] NES 2014 Pre-Poll, Lokniti.org, available at http://www.lokniti.org/nes-2014-pre-poll.php, last seen on 04/02/2017.

[8] Model Code of Conduct for the Guidance of Political Parties and Candidates, Election Commission of India, available at http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/MCC-ENGLISH_28022014.pdf, last seen on 04/02/2017.

[9] People’s Union for Civil Liberties& Anr. v. Union of India, Lok Satta & Anr. v. Union of India and ADR v. Union of India 2003 SC 490, 509, 515.

[10] Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India, Background Paper on Electoral Reforms, 2010, at 5.

[11] Recommendations of Goswami Committee Report (1990) had also considered recommendations of an earlier Tarkunde Committee Report (1973) that had addressed reforms of Indian electoral system and machinery.

[12] Association for Democratic Reforms v. Union of India and Anr., AIR 2000 Delhi 126, 2000; (57) DRJ 82.

[13] People’s Union for Civil Liberties & Anr. v. Union of India, Lok Satta & Anr. v. Union of India and ADR v. Union of India 2003 SC 490, 509, 515.

[14] Article (19)(1)(a) All citizens shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression.

[15] Section 33A, Representation of People Act, 1951.

[16] Supra 14, para 2, Conclusion of Judgment of Justice PV Reddi.

[17] Lily Thomas vs Union of India & Ors with Lok Prahari vs Union of India &Ors., 2013 SC 490, 231.

[19] People’s Union for Civil Liberties & Anr. vs Union of India & Anr,2013 SC 161.

[21] Dr. Subramanian Swamy vs Election Commission of India, 2013 SC 9093, 406.

[23] Krishnamoorthy v. Sivakumar & Ors, AIR 2015 SC 1478.

[25] Ibid, at para 86 (d). Section 100(1)(b) of the 1951, RPA: that any corrupt practice has been committed by a returned candidate or his election agent or by any other person with the consent of a returned candidate or his election agent.

[26] Ashok Shankarrao Chavan vs. Dr. Madhavrao Kinhalkar & Ors.AIR 2014 SC 5044, 5045, 5078.

[27] Notice of Motion, Association for Democratic Reforms v. Union of India & Anr. 2014, available at https://adrindia. org/sites/default/files/ADR_Writ_Election_Expenditure.pdf , last seen on 04/02/2017.

[28] Law Commission of India, Government of India, 170th Report on Reform of the Electoral Laws, 1999, available at http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/lc170.htm#, last seen on 04/02/ 2017.

[29] Article 81 (1): Composition of the House of the People (1) Subject to the provisions of Article 331 the House of the People shall consist of(a) not more than five hundred and thirty members chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the States, and (b) not more than twenty members to represent the Union territories, chosen in such manner as parliament may by law provide.

Article 170 (1): Composition of the Legislative Assemblies (1) Subject to the provisions of Article 333, the Legislative Assembly of each State shall consist of not more than five hundred, and not less than sixty, members chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the State.

[30] Law Commission of India, Government of India, Report No. 244: Electoral Disqualifications, 2014, available at http:// lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports/report244.pdf, 2014, last seen on 5/02/2017.

[31] Public Interest Foundation & Ors. v Union of India and Anr.(W/P Civil No. 536 of 2011) quoted from Law Commission of India, Government of India, Report No. 244: Electoral Disqualifications, 2014.

[32] Jagdeep S. Chhokar, Revisiting India’s electoral reforms, Livemint, 18/03/2015, http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/VJe9yfsux8vLD33rOgOn0N/Revisiting-Indias-electoral-reforms.html last seen on 5/02/2017.

[33] Law Commission of India, Government of India, Report No. 255: Electoral Reforms, 2015, available at http:// lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports/Report255.pdf, 2015, last seen on 5/02/2017.

[34] Mukulika Banerjee, Why India Votes? 19 (2014).

[35] National Commission for Review of the Working of the Constitution, A Consultation Paper on Review of Election Law, Processes and Reform Options, Vol. 2, 481 (2002), available at http://lawmin.nic.in/ncrwc/finalreport/v2b1-9. htm, last seen on 6/02/2017.

[37] Neeraj Chauhan, Dwaipayan Ghosh & Raj Shekhar, Delhi gang rape case: Victim battles for life, 3 accused held, The Times of India (18/12/2012), available at http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Delhi-gang-rape-caseVictim-battles-for-life-3-accused-held/articleshow/17656605.cms?, last seen on 6/02/2017.

[1] Anthony B. Zwi; Richard Garfield; Alessandro Loretti, “Collective Violence” NCJRS 213-239 (2002).

[2] George J. Bryjak, “Collective Violence in India” 13 AAAR 35-55 (1986),

[3] K. Singh, Mano majra 56 (New York: Grove Press, 1^st edn., 1956)

[4] B.R. Nayar, “Violence and crime in India : A Quantitative Analysis” 71 APSR 1715-1716 (1977)

[7] S.L Pomerantz, “FBI and Terrorism” 56 NCJRS 14-17 (1987)

[8] Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967, s.15

[10] Rome Convention of the International Criminal Court, Art. 8

[11] The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime on Genocide, 1948.

[12] Rome Convention of the International Criminal Court, Art.6

[14] An Empirical Look To The Arab Spring: Causes And Consequences available at : https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/journals/tjir/v13i1/f_0033740_27513.pdf (Last visited on Aug 30, 2023)

[15] William M. Salter, “The Russian Revolution” 17 UCP 301-316 (1907)

[16] Relation with Ukraine available at: https://www.nato.int/ (last visited on Sept 7, 2023)

[18] Karl W. Deutsch, “Political Community and the North Atlantic Area: International Organization in the Light of Historical Experience” 63 AHR 375-376 (1958)

[20] The world reflects on Rwanda Genocide available at : https://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/historical-background.shtml (Last Modified July, 2004)

[21] Pooja Bakshi, “Communal Riots in Gujarat: Examining State Power and Production of Marginality in the Attempt to Constitute the Past” 50 EPW 63-70 (2015).

[22] Christophe Jaffrelot, “Communal Riots in Gujarat: The State at Risk?” 17 SAI 5 (2003)

[23] John S. Conway, “The Holocaust and the Historians” 450 AAPSS 153-164 (1980)

[24] International Criminal Tribunal Rwanda, available at: https://unictr.irmct.org/en/tribunal (last visited on Sept 5, 2023)

[26] Unlawful Activities Prevention Act, 1967, Ins. by Act 29 of 2004, s. 2 (w.e.f. 21-9-2004).

[28] Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Art. 6

[29] Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Art. 7

[30] Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Art. 8

[31] Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Art. 9

[32] Universal Declaration of Human Right, Art. 1

[33] Universal Declaration of Human Right, Article 3; and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 6

[34] Universal Declaration of Human Right, Article 4; and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 8

[35] Universal Declaration of Human Right, Article 5; and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 7

[36] Universal Declaration of Human Right, Article 6; and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 16

[37] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 20

[1] Sapna Rajmani

LL.M. (2023-24)

Chankya National Law University, Patna

Bihar

[2] NIDA. "Understanding Drug Use and Addiction DrugFacts." National Institute on Drug Abuse, 6 Jun. 2018, https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/understanding-drug-use-addiction Accessed 30 Mar. 2024.

[3] THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF DRUG ABUSE, This study was originally preparedby UNDCP as a position paper for the World Summit for Social Development (Copenhagen, 6-12 March 1995), https://www.unodc.org/pdf/technical_series_1995-03-01_1.pdf

[4] Jason Varin, “7 Factors that Contribute to Drug Addiction”, (Mar.30,2024,11;40), https://beginningstreatment.com/7-factors-that-contribute-to-drug-addiction/

[6] Whitesell M, Bachand A, Peel J, Brown M. Familial, social, and individual factors contributing to risk for adolescent substance use. J Addict. 2013;2013:579310. doi: 10.1155/2013/579310. Epub 2013 Mar 20. PMID: 24826363; PMCID: PMC4008086.

[7] Dennis C. Daley, “Family and social aspects of substance use disorders and treatment”, Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, Volume 21, Issue 4, Supplement, December 2013, Pages S73-S76.

[8] .NIDA. 2022, March 22. Addiction and Health. Retrieved from https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/addiction-health on 2024, March 30.

[9]National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health. The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2014. PMID: 24455788.

[10] Rural Health Information Hub, “Barriers to preventing and treating substance use disorder in rural communities”, (Mar.30,2024, 11:09), https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/substance-abuse/1/barriers

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

E- GOVERNANCE: A GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE BY - MEGHNA TYAGI

INTRISTIC AIDS IN US LAW BY - TEJAS SINGH & EDWIN LEPCHA

PERSPECTIVES ON ELECTORAL REFORMS IN INDIA: INSIGHTS FROM THE SUPREME COURT AND LAW COMMISSION BY - SOFTY TIBRIWAL & GANESH SHARMA

SEDITION LAW IN INDIA BY - GAURAV KUMAR, ANIKET KUMAR & DR VIVEK KUMAR

COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE: ORIGIN AND TYPES BY: AAKANKSHA CHANDRA

SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF DRUG ABUSE BY - SAPNA RAJMANI

THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT 1935: PUNJAB BY: MONAL

COMPARISON OF SALIENT FEATURES OF THE INDIAN AND USA CONSTITUTION BY: VAISHNAVI PRASHANT YADAV

PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES – COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH DIFFERENT COUNTRIES AND NEED FOR LEGISLATION ON PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES BY: ADV. PALLAVI NITIN PAWAR

THE PROCESS OF INTERPRETATION OF LAW AND ROLE OF JUDGES BY - BHAVNA SHUKLA

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[15] William M. Salter, “The Russian Revolution” 17 UCP 301-316 (1907)

[21] Pooja Bakshi, “Communal Riots in Gujarat: Examining State Power and Production of Marginality in the Attempt to Constitute the Past” 50 EPW 63-70 (2015).

[22] Christophe Jaffrelot, “Communal Riots in Gujarat: The State at Risk?” 17 SAI 5 (2003)

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