INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

CYBER SOVEREIGNTY IN THE AGE OF DISINFORMATION: COMBATING FAKE NEWS AND ONLINE MANIPULATION BY - JANESHWAR RAJ Y

Authors : JANESHWAR RAJ Y

Registration ID : 106964 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6964

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : janesh_yv@yahoo.com

Page No : 12 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-57714848/CYBER SOVEREIGNTY IN THE AGE OF DISINFORMATION: CO

THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013 THROUGH THE JURISPRUDENTIAL LENS OF NATURALIST POSITIVISM BY - HRISHI KAPADIA

Authors : HRISHI KAPADIA

Registration ID : 106963 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6963

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : hrishi.r.kapadia@gmail.com

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Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-65436189/THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013 THROUGH THE JURISPRUDENTIA

IDENTITY THEFT AND CYBER CRIMES IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY BY - BERTILA. A, JANESHWAR RAJ Y, ROSY KUMAR

Authors : BERTILA. A, JANESHWAR RAJ Y, ROSY KUMAR

Registration ID : 106960 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6960, IJLRA6961 & IJLRA6962

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : bertila.research@gmail.com, janesh_yv@yahoo.com & rosykumar24@gmail.com

Page No : 13 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-62553138/IDENTITY THEFT AND CYBER CRIMES IN CONTEMPORARY SO

SECTION 327 OF THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013, NOT ARBITRARY OR VIOLATIVE OF ARTICLE 21, SC UPHELDS BY - ADV. VRINDA GOEL

Authors : ADV. VRINDA GOEL

Registration ID : 106959 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6959

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : vrindag304@gmail.com

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Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-84338264/SECTION 327 OF THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013, NOT ARBITR

UNRAVELING DELISTING DYNAMICS: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF SEBIS SECURITIES LAW FRAMEWORK BY - DEVESHI GUPTA

Authors : DEVESHI GUPTA

Registration ID : 106958 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6958

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : deveshi.gupta1171@gmail.com

Page No : 23 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-27765596/UNRAVELING DELISTING DYNAMICS: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSI

RE- ARTICLE 370: CASE COMMENT ON ABROGATION OF SPECIAL STATUS OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR. BY - GOURI C V

Authors : GOURI C V

Registration ID : 106957 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6957

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : gouridevukalady@gmail.com

Page No : 13 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-18177375/RE- ARTICLE 370: CASE COMMENT ON ABROGATION OF SPE

CASE COMMENTARY: KALYAN V. STATE OF U.P., AIR 2001 SC 3976: (2001) 9 SCC 632 2001 AIR SCW 3953 BY: AADYA SHARMA

Authors : AADYA SHARMA

Registration ID : 106956 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6956

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : aadyaasharmaa@gmail.com

Page No : 10 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-43496836/CASE COMMENTARY: KALYAN V. STATE OF U.P., AIR 2001

TAXATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS: A BARRIER TO HEALTH AND WELL-BEING BY - RAGHUNATH M.

Authors : RAGHUNATH M.

Registration ID : 106955 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6955

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : aakashraghunath0@gmail.com

Page No : 15 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-29479518/TAXATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS: A BARRIER TO HEA

FEMALE OFFENDERS AND PRISONERS THROUGH THE EYES OF FEMINIST CRIMINOLOGY BY - NAIR ANUBHA MOHANKUMAR

Authors : NAIR ANUBHA MOHANKUMAR

Registration ID : 106954 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6954

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : anubhanair0312@gmail.com

Page No : 14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-38575344/FEMALE OFFENDERS AND PRISONERS THROUGH THE EYES OF

THE NOVELTY OF THE CRIMINAL LAWS – AN OVERVIEW BY - NISHA KANDARI

Authors : NISHA KANDARI

Registration ID : 106953 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6953

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : nisha.kandari@gmail.com

Page No : 9 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-76778687/THE NOVELTY OF THE CRIMINAL LAWS – AN OVERVIEW

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

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[1] Authors are Assistant Professors at Saveetha School of Law, Chennai

[3] Cyber sovereignty: In search of definitions, exploring, implications, https://www.orfonline.org/, (last visited Oct. 6, 2023).

[4] The Information Technology Act, 2000, Section 2 (1) (w), No. 21, , Acts of Parliament, 2000 (India)

[6] Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence. (2020). Key Documents. Retrieved from https://www.global-ai-partnership.org/key-documents, (last visited Oct. 19, 2023).

[7] Macron, E. (2018). Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace. Retrieved from https://pariscall.international/en/the-call/, (last visited Oct. 14, 2023).

[10] Shreya Singhal v. Union of India, AIR 2015 SC 1523

[11] The Information Technology Act, 2000, Section 66A, No. 21, Acts of Parliament, 2000 (India)

[12] Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) & Anr. vs. Union of India & Ors. (2017) 10 SCC 1

[13] European Commission. (2018). Code of Practice on Disinformation. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/code-practice-disinformation, (last visited Oct. 29, 2023).

[14] European Commission. (2020). European Democracy Action Plan: Making Our Democracies Stronger in a Digital Age. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/european-democracy-action-plan-making-our-democracies-stronger-digital-age_en, (last visited Oct. 29, 2023).

[1] 4^th Year Student at MIT WPU School of Law, Pune

[9] The Companies Act, 2013, Chapter XXVII; The Companies Act, 2013, Chapter XXVIII

[11] “Mark Murphy, ‘The Natural Law Tradition in Ethics’, (The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Summer 2019 Edition), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/Natural-law-ethics,” accessed 22 April 2023

[12] “David Miller, ‘Justice’, (The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Fall 2021 Edition), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/justice,” accessed 22 April 2023

[14] The Companies Act, 2013, S.123(5); The Companies Act, 2013, S.127

[21] “Lon Fuller, ‘The Morality of Law: Revised Edition.’ (Yale University Press, 1969), http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1cc2mds,” accessed 22 April 2023

[28] “Harish Salve, ‘Retrospective Taxation – The Indian Experience’, (British Institute of International and Comparative Law), https://www.biicl.org/files/6722_panel_two_harish_salve.pdf,” accessed 22 April 2023

[34] “The Ministry of Corporate Affairs – Companies Act, 2013 – Amendments, https://www.mca.gov.in/content/mca/global/en/acts-rules/companies-act/companies-act-2013.html,” accessed 22 April 2023

[40] “Green, Leslie and Thomas Adams, "Legal Positivism", (The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Winter 2019 Edition), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/legal-Positivism,” accessed 22 April 2023

[41] “John Austin, ‘The Provenance of Jurisprudence Defined’, (1832)”

[43] The Companies Act, 2013, S.1(2); The Companies Act, 2013, S.1(4)

[44] The Companies Act, 2013, S.42(10); The Companies Act, 2013, S.26(9); The Companies Act, 2013, S.424

[45] Supra Note 20; The Companies Act, 2013, S.424

[46] “Hans Kelsen, ‘Pure Theory of Law’, (1934)”

[48] The Constitution of India, Schedule 7, List I, Entry 43

[52] H.L.A Hart, ‘The Concept of Law’, (1961)

[56] The Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014, S.12 (INC-32)

[60] The Companies Act, 2013, S.408; The Companies Act, 2013, S.410

[64] “Daniel M. Hausman, ‘Philosophy of Economics’, (The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Winter 2021 Edition), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/economics,” accessed 23 April 2023

[67] “William C. Starr, ‘Law and Morality in H.L.A Hart’s Legal Philosophy’, (Marquette Law Review, Volume 67, Issue 4, Summer 1984), https://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1941&context=mulr#:~:text=Hart%20stated%20that%20law%20and,desirable%20in%20any%20legal%20system.,” accessed 23 April 2023

[72] The National Company Law Tribunal Rules, 2016

[73] Ibid; The Companies Act, 2013, Chapter XXVII

[76] Companies (Appointment and Qualifications of Directors) Rules, 2014, R.11

[77] “Jeremy Bentham, ‘An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation’,” (1789)

[84] “John Rawls, ‘The Theory of Justice’, (1971)”

[85] “Leif Wenar, John Rawls, (The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Summer 2021 Edition, https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2021/entries/rawls,” accessed 24 April 2023

[87] “Fred D’Agostino, Gerald Gaus, and John Thrasher, Contemporary Approaches to the Social Contract, (The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Winter 2021 Edition, https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/contractarianism-contemporary,” accessed 24 April 2023

[1] Authors are Assistant Professors of Saveetha School of Law, Chennai

[2] D Medine 'Prepared statement of the Federal Trade Commission on "identity theft" (1998)

[4] J Lynch 'Identity theft in cyberspace: crime control methods and their effectiveness in combatting phishing attacks' (2005) 20 Berkley Tech LJ 259.

[6] GR Newman & MM McNally 'Identity theft literature review' (2005), available at https./www.ncjrs.gov/pdffilesl/ns)/grants/210459.pdf accessed on 28 February 2023.

[7] WM Grossman 'The other you: the misery of identity theft' (1998)

Broward Daily Bus R, 4 September 1998, B.

[8] Debargha Chatterjee, 'Laws that govern ID theft in India' (Ipleaders, 22 August 2021)

Laws that govern ID theft in India - iPleaders accessed on 28 February 2023

[11] Indian Penal Code, 1860, S. 463, 464, 465, 469, and 474

[14] Lionel Faleiro, 'IT Act 2000 - Penalties, Offences with Case Studies' (Network Intelligence, 24 June 2014)

[16] Debargha Chatterjee, 'Laws that govern ID theft in India' (Ipleaders, 22 August 2021)

Laws that govern ID theft in India - iPleaders accessed on 28 February 2023

[1] Review Of Delisting Regulations Page 1 of 26, 2009 1 (2009).

[3] Sebi, FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ON SEBI (DELISITING OF EQUITY SHARES) REGULATIONS (2009).

[4] ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA.

[5] What are Money Markets, International Monetary Funds, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2012/06/basics.htm (last visited Nov 2, 2023)

[7] Delisting of Equity Shares, file:///C:/Users/lenovo/Desktop/Delisting_of_Equity_Shares_Law_Practice ICSI.pdf.

[8] Department of Expenditure | Ministry of Finance |Government of India. Available at: https://doe.gov.in/sites/default/files/27-01-1979.pdf (Accessed: 25 November 2023).

[9] Delisting of Equity Shares, file:///C:/Users/lenovo/Desktop/Delisting_of_Equity_Shares_Law_Practice ICSI.pdf.

[10] Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), (https://www.sebi.gov.in/sebi_data/docfiles/16536_t.html,last visited 3^rd November, 2023).

[11] SCHEDULE X-LIST OF SEBI CIRCULARS WHICH STAND RESCINDED [See Regulation 103].

[12] Voluntary Delisting - Meaning, Process, Failure Effect - Enterslice, Enterslice, https://enterslice.com/learning/voluntary-delisting/#Case_study_of_Voluntary_Delisting_by_Vedanta_Limited_and_what_caused_its_failure (last visited Nov. 28, 2023).

[13]Nishith Desai Associates, "Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956," Nishith Desai Associates Website, https://www.nishithdesai.com/generateHTML/5919/4#:~:text=Securities%20Contracts%20(Regulation)%20Act%2C,on%20June%2010%2C%202009%20has (last visited Nov. 2, 2023).

[14] Staff Writer, "Regulator Proposes to Ease Delisting Norms," Livemint, https://www.livemint.com/market/regulator-proposes-to-ease-delisting-norms-11692038697098.html (Published 15th August 2023).

[16] CNBC-TV18, "SEBI Consultation Paper proposes to significantly ease the process of delisting," YouTube (17^th August 2023), https://youtu.be/_mKaIpiKwVs?si=MTRURFeBNxr2jd1B.

[17] Regulation 2(1)(m), SEBI (Delisting of Equity Shares) Regulations, 2021. Floor price is defined as, “minimum price offered by acquirer, computed in accordance with regulation 8 of Takeover regulations while making proposal for voluntary delisting of equity shares of a company.”

[1] Re Article 370 of the Constitution, 2023 INSC 1058.

[2] Sneddon, Christopher (2021), Independent Kashmir: An incomplete aspiration, Manchester University Press, pp. 12–13

[8] Supra 1 at 18 ¶ 19, Submission by Kapil Sibal

[9] Supra 1 at 19 ¶ 21A, Written submissions of Mr Dushyant Dave relying on S R Bommai v Union of India, (1994) 3 SCC 1

[10] Supra 1 at 19 ¶ 21A, Submissions by Dr Rajeev Dhavan

[11] Supra 1 at 19 ¶ 21B, Submissions by Manish Tewari & Mr. Abhimanyu Tewari

[12] Written Submissions of Dr. Rajeev Dhavan, Mr. Gopal Subramanium, Dr. Menaka Guruswamy, Ms. Nitya Ramakrishnan

[13] Krishna Kumar Singh v. State of Bihar, (2017) 3 SCC 1.

[19] Reliance on Prem Nath Kaul v. State of J&K, 1959 Supp (2) SCR 270.

[21] Supra 1 at 42 ¶ 33H, Submission of Chander Uday Singh

[23] Supra 1 at 48 ¶ 44, Submission of Tushar Mehta

[27] Supra 1 at 56 ¶ 73, Submission of Vikramjeet Banerjee

[31] Debates of the Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir, 25 October 1956

[36] State (NCT of Delhi) v. Union of India, (2023) 9 SCC 1.

[38] State of Rajasthan v. Union of India (1977) 3 SCC 392.

[40] SR Bommai v. Union of India, (1994) 3 SCC 1.

[44] 17 October 1949, Debates of Constituent Assembly

[1] Goods and Services Tax Council. https://gstcouncil.gov.in/ (last visited on 25-02-2024).

[2] Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, https://cbic-gst.gov.in/gst-goods-services-rates.html (last visited on 21-02-2024)

[3] Sitanshu Sekhar Kar, Concept of Essential Medicines and Rational Use in Public Health, 35 Indian J. Community Med. Jan (2010), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888334/.

[4] World Health Organization, World Health Organization Essential Medicines List (23rd Adult List), WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2023.02 (March 2023), https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2023.02.

[5] Universal Declaration of Human Rights,1948, Article 25(1)

[6] International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,1966, Article 12

[7] Convention on Rights of the Child, 1989, Article 24

[8] Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2006, Article 25

[9] Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, 1979, Article 12

[16] CreditMantri. GST on Medicines. https://www.creditmantri.com/gst-on-medicines/. Accessed on 24-02-2024.

^{^[1]} Bajpai, and Bajpai, Female Criminality in India, Rawat, Jaipur, 2000.

^{^[2]} Carlen and Tchaikovsky, ‘Women in Prison’, in Carlen, Pat (ed), Criminal Women,Polity Press, Cambridge, 1985.

^{^[4]} Chesney-Lind, M. (1997) The Female Offender. Girls, Women and Crime. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage

^{^[5]} Prayas, Forced Separation: Children of Imprisoned Mothers, Prayas, Mumbai, 2002.

^{^[6]} Cherukuri, Suvarna, Women in Prison, Foundation, Delhi, 2008.

^{^[7]} Akers and Seller, Criminological Theories, Rawat, Jaipur, 2004.

^{^[9]} Maniyar, Mridula, Women Criminals and Their Life Style, Kaveri, New Delhi, 2023.

^{^[10]} Nirmal, Chiranjivi J. ‘Human Rights of Prisoners’ in Nirmal Chiranjivi J. (ed),Human Rights in India, Oxford, New Delhi, 2000, p 164.

^{^[11]} V.R. Krishnan Iyer, “Are not women human even in custody”. Human Rights Year Book(2000), P.94.

^{^[12]} Sethna, M. J., Society and the Criminal, Kitab Mahal, Bombay, 1964.

^{^[13]} Steffensmeier, Darrell ‘Female Crime Trends 1960- 1995’, in Renzetti, and Goodstein (ed), Women Crime and Criminal Justice, Roxbury, Los Angeles, 2001.

^{^[14]} Bastick, M.&Townhead, L(2008), Women in Prison: A Commentary on the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the treatment of prisoners.

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

CYBER SOVEREIGNTY IN THE AGE OF DISINFORMATION: COMBATING FAKE NEWS AND ONLINE MANIPULATION BY - JANESHWAR RAJ Y

THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013 THROUGH THE JURISPRUDENTIAL LENS OF NATURALIST POSITIVISM BY - HRISHI KAPADIA

IDENTITY THEFT AND CYBER CRIMES IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY BY - BERTILA. A, JANESHWAR RAJ Y, ROSY KUMAR

SECTION 327 OF THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013, NOT ARBITRARY OR VIOLATIVE OF ARTICLE 21, SC UPHELDS BY - ADV. VRINDA GOEL

UNRAVELING DELISTING DYNAMICS: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF SEBIS SECURITIES LAW FRAMEWORK BY - DEVESHI GUPTA

RE- ARTICLE 370: CASE COMMENT ON ABROGATION OF SPECIAL STATUS OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR. BY - GOURI C V

CASE COMMENTARY: KALYAN V. STATE OF U.P., AIR 2001 SC 3976: (2001) 9 SCC 632 2001 AIR SCW 3953 BY: AADYA SHARMA

TAXATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS: A BARRIER TO HEALTH AND WELL-BEING BY - RAGHUNATH M.

FEMALE OFFENDERS AND PRISONERS THROUGH THE EYES OF FEMINIST CRIMINOLOGY BY - NAIR ANUBHA MOHANKUMAR

THE NOVELTY OF THE CRIMINAL LAWS – AN OVERVIEW BY - NISHA KANDARI

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