INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

CYBER ATTACKS AND IT’S COUNTERMEASURES BY - MITALI VASISHTHA & SHIVANGI SINHA

Authors : MITALI VASISHTHA & SHIVANGI SINHA

Registration ID : 106769 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6769 & IJLRA6770

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : mitalivasishtha1802@gmail.com

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CYBER FORENSICS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CHALLENGES BY – AKASH JADHAV & MS SHIVANGI SINHA

Authors : AKASH JADHAV & MS SHIVANGI SINHA

Registration ID : 106767 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6767 & IJLRA6768

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : akashjadhav74613@gmail.com

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REGULATION OF CYBER FRAUDS IN THE ARENA OF E COMMERCE LAW BY - ADV. RASHMI. A

Authors : ADV. RASHMI. A

Registration ID : 106766 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6766

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : rashmipeslaw@gmail.com

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CYBERSQUATTING: HOW IT FOUL PLAYS THE SOCIETY BY - KANIKA CHANDAK & PROF. SHIVANGI SINHA

Authors : KANIKA CHANDAK & PROF. SHIVANGI SINHA

Registration ID : 106764 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6764 & IJLRA6765

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : kanikachandak16@gmail.com &

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THEORIZING CUSTODY JURISPRUDENCE AND THE BEST INTEREST PRINCIPLE IN SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES BY - SYED MUJTABA ATHAR

Authors : SYED MUJTABA ATHAR

Registration ID : 106763 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6763

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : syed187584@st.jmi.ac.in

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Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2024-73244142/THEORIZING CUSTODY JURISPRUDENCE AND THE BEST INTE

REGULATION OF ADVANCED DIGITAL FOOD SERVICE TECHNOLOGIES IN INDIA BY - VIPASHA CHIRMULAY & DR LS CHIRMULAY

Authors : VIPASHA CHIRMULAY & DR LS CHIRMULAY

Registration ID : 106761 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6761 & IJLRA6762

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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Email Id : vchirmulaybvdu@gmail.com

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CARBON FOOTPRINTS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES: ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS & POLICIES BY - KESHAV GARG

Authors : KESHAV GARG

Registration ID : 106760 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6760

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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Email Id : adv.keshavgarg@gmail.com

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SEPARATION OF POWER BY - POORVA CHAWLA

Authors : POORVA CHAWLA

Registration ID : 106759 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6759

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : ankit.sh0990@gmail.com

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TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN INDIA: A SOCIOLEGAL PERSPECTIVE BY - TRUPTI AGARKAR

Authors : TRUPTI AGARKAR

Registration ID : 106758 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6758

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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UNDER THE RAINBOW: NAVIGATING THE SOCIO-LEGAL LANDSCAPE OF LGBTQ+ COMMUNITY BY - ADITYA VERMA & MEHUL NARAYAN DUBEY

Authors : ADITYA VERMA & MEHUL NARAYAN DUBEY

Registration ID : 106756 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6756 & IJLRA6757

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : vaditya9415@gmail.com & mehuldubey07@gmail.com

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Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2024-79225973/UNDER THE RAINBOW: NAVIGATING THE SOCIO-LEGAL LAND

International journal for legal research and analysis

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^{^[1]}Tietsort, J.R. (2023a) 17 most common types of cyber attacks & examples (2024), RSS. Available at: https://www.aura.com/learn/types-of-cyber-attacks (Accessed: 17 January 2024).

[2] 4 things you can do to keep yourself cyber safe: CISA (2024) Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency CISA. Available at: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/4-things-you-can-do-keep-yourself-cyber-safe (Accessed: 17 January 2024).

[1] Information Technology act 2000 and IT Amendment Act ,2008

[2] http://www.dnaindia.com/scitech/report-indias-information-technology-act-has-not-been-effective-in-

checking-cyber-crime-expert-1818328 [2] T. Vikram, “Cyber Crimes- A Study with a Case”, July-September 2002, Indian Police Journal 78.

[3] Understanding cybercrime in ‘real world’ policing and law enforcement Joanna Curtis and Gavin , Volume 96, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258X221107584

[4] The Increasing Importance of Digital Forensics and Investigations in Law Enforcement, Government and Commercial Sectors | University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Nhien-An Le-Khac University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA ,Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo

[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Bank_robbery

[6] Trends in Ransomware Attacks on US Hospitals, Clinics, and Other Health Care Delivery Organizations, 2016- 2021 | 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.4873| Hannah T. Neprash, PhD, corresponding author 1 Claire C.

McGlave, MPH, 1 Dori A. Cross, PhD, 1 Beth A.

[7] THE ROLE AND BENEFITS OF DIGITAL FORENSICS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CORPORATIONS

The Role And Benefits Of Digital Forensics For Law Enforcement And Corporations |Kiem To| Cellebrite

[8] https://workflowautomation.net/blog/standard-operating-procedure-sop| meaning|

[9] "Symposium on Ljubljana – The Hague Convention on Mutual Legal Assistance: Critical Reflections – Fulfilling the Potential of this Landmark Treaty". Opinio Juris.

[1] Rao &Metts, Electronic Commerce Development in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: A Stage Model and its Implications 9 (1) Business Process Management Journal 11-32 (2003).

[2] See Dearmon Valorie, Risk Management and Legal Issues (Jones and Bartlett Publisher, LLC) Available on http://www.jblearning.com/samples/0763757144/57144_CH15_470_493. pdf

[3] Eisingerich, Andreas B.; Kretschmer, Tobias, In E-Commerce, More is More, 86 Harvard Business Review 20–21 (March, 2008):.Available on http://hbr.org/2008/03/in-ecommerce-more-is-more/ar/1

[4] Ramakrishnan Et Al., E-commerce in India-Growth and Prospects, 2(3) Asia Pacific Journal of Research in Business Management 101-114 (2011).

[5] Ali.Z. Marossi, Globalization of Law and Electronic Commerce, 'Toward a Consistent International Regulatory Framework' (Delta Fredericton New Brunswick, Canada The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Commerce, August 14-16, 2006).

[6] The Electronic Commerce and Consumer Protection Group (“E-Commerce Group”), See http://www.ecommercegroup.org/guidelines.htm

[7] Delamaire, Linda & Abdou, Hussein & Pointon, John. (2009). Credit card fraud and detection techniques: A review. Banks and Bank Systems. 4.

[8] Ramesh, Sai & Ck, Yogesh. (2022). Google Play Malware Detection based on Search Rank Fraud Approach. KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems. 16. 3723-3737. 10.3837/tiis.2022.11.014.

[9] Dharmavaram, Vijaya Geeta. (2011). Online identity theft - An Indian perspective. Journal of Financial Crime. 18. 235-246. 10.1108/13590791111147451.

[10] Shaikh, Nihal & Chudasama, Dhaval. (2021). Research on Cyber Offenses under Information Technology Act, 2000. 8. 2021. 10.37591/RTPC.

[11] Krishna Prasad, Smitha, (Draft) Paper on Information Technology Act, 2000 and the Data Protection Rules (December 30, 2017). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3094792 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3094792

[2] See, for example, (Asha and Beniwal, 2012; Tawhida, 2019)

[4] (Brunotte et al., 2014; Edwards, 2014) For a general reading on the subject, see,(Said, 2003; W. Said, 1993) (Gramsci, n.d.). Gramsci would call this phenomenon a cultural hegemony of the cultural elites.

[6] According to Kennedy, the other dichotomies of the liberal world arguably are: These distinctions are state/society, public/private, individual/group, right/power, property/ sovereignty, contract/tort, law/policy, legislature/judiciary, objective/subjective, reason/ fiat, freedom/coercion.

[7] For a comprehensive analysis of the concept of legal fiction and how it operates to formulate jurisprudential thinking and interpretation in law, see also, (Dworkin, 1986); Also, (Vining, 1987)

[9](Freeman, 1985);(Bottomley, 1984; Olsen, 1983);(O’Donovan, 1985)

[16] UN Child Right Convention, 1989 Article 9:
1. States Parties shall ensure that a child shall not be separated from his or her parents against their will, except when competent authorities subject to judicial review determine, in accordance with applicable law and procedures, that such separation is necessary for the best interests of the child. Such determination may be necessary in a particular case such as one involving abuse or neglect of the child by the parents, or one where the parents are living separately and a decision must be made as to the child's place of residence.

2. In any proceedings pursuant to paragraph 1 of the present article, all interested parties shall be given an opportunity to participate in the proceedings and make their views known.

3. States Parties shall respect the right of the child who is separated from one or both parents to maintain personal relations and direct contact with both parents on a regular basis, except if it is contrary to the child's best interests.

4. Where such separation results from any action initiated by a State Party, such as the detention, imprisonment, exile, deportation or death (including death arising from any cause while the person is in the custody of the State) of one or both parents or of the child, that State Party shall, upon request, provide the parents, the child or, if appropriate, another member of the family with the essential information concerning the whereabouts of the absent member(s) of the family unless the provision of the information would be detrimental to the well-being of the child. States Parties shall further ensure that the submission of such a request shall of itself entail no adverse consequences for the person(s) concerned.
UN Child Right Convention, 1989 Article 10:
1. In accordance with the obligation of States Parties under article 9, paragraph 1, applications by a child or his or her parents to enter or leave a State Party for the purpose of family reunification shall be dealt with by States Parties in a positive, humane and expeditious manner. States Parties shall further ensure that the submission of such a request shall entail no adverse consequences for the applicants and for the members of their family.

2. A child whose parents reside in different States shall have the right to maintain on a regular basis, save in exceptional circumstances personal relations and direct contacts with both parents. Towards that end and in accordance with the obligation of States Parties under article 9, paragraph 1, States Parties shall respect the right of the child and his or her parents to leave any country, including their own, and to enter their own country. The right to leave any country shall be subject only to such restrictions as are prescribed by law and which are necessary to protect the national security, public order (ordre public), public health or morals or the rights and freedoms of others and are consistent with the other rights recognized in the present Convention.

[17] For example, in Ireland, Chapter IV, S-31(1) of Child and Family Relationship (Amendment) Act, 2015 enlists 11 factors and circumstances that a court must consider to determine the best interest of the child. See, electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB), “Determining the best interest of the child, Insertion of Part V in Act of 1964, Child and Family Relationship Act, 2015” (Office of the Attorney General) available at: https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2015/act/9/section/63/enacted/en/html (last visited January 6, 2023). Similarly, although there are difference in various state laws related to what constitute the factors for determining the best interest of the children, the federal children’s bureau enlists five factors that covers the different factors enlisted under various states statutes in the USA. These factors can be found here, (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2020)

[20] (JJW v. BMW, 1976) at 52. See also, S. v. S I.L.T.R., 1992, 732.

[21] For example, In another UK Supreme Court case, F.N v. C.O, I.R. 1970, IV at 311, involving an application for custody by the father of two daughters, the impact of such an order on the children’s intellectual welfare was considered. If granted, the order sought would have resulted in the removal of the two children from Ireland. The judge noted that this would have potential impact on the education and social development of the girls.

[23] for example, see King v. Vancil, 34 Illinois Appeal 3d 831 (1975).

[24]The EU can only create legislation in areas where the treaties specifically provide it such authority. It lacks the authority to enact legislation relating to divorce, child custody, or parental care. This means Parliament can't pass rules governing the conditions under which a divorce can be granted, the obligation of parents to pay child support, or how decisions about custody and visiting rights are determined. The EU, on the other hand, has the authority to foster judicial cooperation in civil disputes with cross-border ramifications. It has enacted a variety of regulations governing judicial cooperation in civil cases. These regulations are founded on the principle of mutual recognition in general.

[25] EU nations have jurisdiction over family law, and EU legislation on marriage, parental responsibility, and maintenance are only applicable in cross-border disputes. Also, Brexit affects a variety of cross-border family law concerns. When one parent lives in the EU and the other parent lives in the UK, several parts of custody and maintenance applications may be handled differently. The traditional foundation for recognising UK divorces has also altered, albeit the new criteria will still allow them to be recognised in Ireland.

[26] See, for e.g., Section 3:10 of Principles of European Family Law Regarding Parental Responsibilities, The Commission on European Family Law. http://ceflonline.net/wp-content/uploads/Principles-PR-English.pdf (last visited on 13 March 2022).

[27] for e.g., Artis, in her empirical research, found that in last few decades custody law has shifted from maternal preference to a more egalitarian standard of ’Best Interest of the Child’. However, her empirical survey with trial court judges of Indiana state in US found that judges who supported tender age doctrine awarded custody to mother for children who were infants or small. Even judges who oppose the tender years doctrine, however, awarded an overwhelming majority of young children to mothers, although their decisions changed in response to the child’s age. (Artis, 2004)

[30] Gohar Begum v. Suggi alias Nazma Begum, AIR 1960 SC 93.

^{^[1]} Yoha, Moses, 3D Printing Approach to Valorization of Agri-Food Processing Waste Streams 12(1) Foods (2023), https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12010212 last seen 12/9/23

[2] https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-cloud-and-data-center

[3] Reinsel, D., Gantz, J., Rydning, J., 2018. The Digitization of the World, from Edge to Core.

IDC Anlayze the Future, USA.

[10] https://www.meity.gov.in/ (Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology)

[14] Ravichandran Purushothaman, President, Danfoss India, a leading player in energy-efficient solutions

[2] Malhotra D. (2005) Trafficking of Women and Children: A Cultural of Silence

[3] Lakshmi Sri Aruna A. (2019) Trafficking of Women and Children: Vulnerability Compounded by Discrimination

[4] Bordoloi R and Neog M. (2016-17) Analyzing the Root Causes of Child Trafficking Using Supply and Demand Logic

[5] Hannah Gould, unicef USA, WHAT FUELS HUMAN TRAFFICKING? (January 13, 2017) What Fuels Human Trafficking? | UNICEF USA

[7] Ambagtsheer, F. Understanding the challenges to investigating and prosecuting organ trafficking: a comparative analysis of two cases. Trends Organ Crim (2021). (03 June 2021). Understanding the challenges to investigating and prosecuting organ trafficking: a comparative analysis of two cases | Trends in Organized Crime (springer.com)

[8] Maryse Tremblay and Camille Karbassi (03/2011) Transparency International the global coalition against corruption, Corruption and Human trafficking. Alt-Moabit 96 10559 Berlin Germany. Microsoft Word - TI-Working_Paper_Human_Trafficking_28_Jun_2011_CM.doc (transparencycdn.org)

[9] Matt Parker and Mark Gambill, (Dec 28, 2021) How law enforcement can use digital technology to intercept human trafficking. The role of digital intelligence in human trafficking investigations (police1.com)

[13]Gaurav Jain vs Union of India (1997) 8 SCC 114

[17] Article 23, The Constitution of India, 1950 COI...pdf (legislative.gov.in)

[18] Article 21, The Constitution of India,1950 COI...pdf (legislative.gov.in)

[19] Article 15, The Constitution of India,1950 COI...pdf (legislative.gov.in)

[20] Article 19, The Constitution of India,1950 COI...pdf (legislative.gov.in)

[21] Article 226, The Constitution of India,1950 COI...pdf (legislative.gov.in)

[22] Article 17, The Constitution of India,1950 COI...pdf (legislative.gov.in)

[23] Article 23(1), The Constitution of India,1950 COI...pdf (legislative.gov.in)

[1]Sharma.Rachit (2021); Rights of LGBTQ in India and the Struggle for Societal Acceptance; International Journal of Law Management and Humanities, vol 4, pp. 18-32, issue 3.

[3]Vanita, R. (2000) ‘Vatsyayana’skamasutra’, Same-Sex Love in India, pp. 46–53. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-05480-7_4.A

[4]Guha, S. (2020) ‘Mughal India: Economy, resources, and governance’, The Oxford Handbook of the Mughal World [Preprint]. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190222642.013.11.

[5] The Indian Penal Code, § 377, No. 45, Act of Parliament (1860).

[6]Top health issues for LGBT populations information & ... Available at: https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma12-4684.pdf (Accessed: 24 January 2024).

[8]The Indian Penal Code, § 377, No. 45, Act of Parliament (1860).

[9]Shaikh, Dr.A. (2020) ‘A critical analysis of the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871’, SSRN Electronic Journal [Preprint]. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3550093.

[11]The Andhra Pradesha (Telangana Area) Eunuchs Act, § 4, No. 16, (1919)

[13] National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India (2014) 5 SCC 438

[15] Suresh Kumar Koushal & Anr vs Naz Foundation & Ors, (2014) 1 SCC 1

[16] K Puttaswamy v. Union of India 7 (2017) 10 SCC 1.

[18] Shaikh, A. (2020) ‘Analysis of the unnatural law, morality and sexual equality in contemporary India: Section 377 of indian penal code’, SSRN Electronic Journal [Preprint]. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3563205.

[21] Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, § 3, No. 40, Act of Parliament (2019)

[22] Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, § 20, No. 40, Act of Parliament (2019)

[23] Hindu Marriage act, § 5, No. 25, Act of Parliament (1955); Section 60, Indian Christian Marriage Act, § 60, No. 15, Act of Parliament (1872); Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act § 3, No. 3, Act of Parliament (1936)

[24] Special Marriage act, § 4, No. 43, Act of Parliament (1954)

[25] Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, § 2, No. 8, Act of Parliament (1939)

[26] Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, § 3, No. 40, Act of Parliament (2019)

[28]C-Dit Social Justice, Kerala. Available at: https://sjd.kerala.gov.in/schemes.php (Accessed: 26 January 2024).

[29] Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) (no date) The numbers, Sexual Assault: The Numbers | Responding to Transgender Victims of Sexual Assault. Available at: https://ovc.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh226/files/pubs/forge/sexual_numbers.html (Accessed: 28 January 2024).

[30]Critical analysis of juvenile justice system in ... Available at: http://docs.manupatra.in/newsline/articles/Upload/85D28740-6B71-4969-970D-18EDDC7E245B.pdf (Accessed: 28 January 2024).

[31] Cara Dashboard, CARA. Available at: https://cara.wcd.gov.in/ (Accessed: 28 January 2024).

[32] e Lt. Col. Nitisha v. Union of India, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 261

[33] Supriyo @Supriya Chakraborty and Anr v. Union of India W.P.C No. 1011 of 2022.

[34] Bhaskar Choudhary and Karun Sanjaya, The Status of LGBTQ people in India: A Socio-Legal Examination, IJJLR, pp 3-5, (2022)

[35] 1st Edition, Beverly Greene and Gregory M. Herek, Lesbian, and Gay Psychology: Theory, Research, and

Clinical Applications, pp 11-12, SAGE Publications, Inc (1994)

[36] India code: Mental healthcare act, 2017. Available at: https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/2249 (Accessed: 28 January 2024).

[37] Supriyo @Supriya Chakraborty and Anr v. Union of India W.P.C No. 1011 of 2022

[38] 1 the Transgender Persons (Protection of ... Available at: https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/13091/1/a2019-40.pdf (Accessed: 28 January 2024).

[39] Activists oppose Bill on transgender rights”, The Hindu, December 16, 2015, available at https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/activists-oppose-bill-on-transgender-rights/article7993938.ece (accessed on August 03, 2023).

[40] National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India (2014) 5 SCC 438

[41] Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, § 7, No. 40, Act of Parliament (2019)

[42] Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, § 15(3), No. 40, Act of Parliament (2019)

[43] v Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, § 18, No. 40, Act of Parliament (2019)

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

CYBER ATTACKS AND IT’S COUNTERMEASURES BY - MITALI VASISHTHA & SHIVANGI SINHA

CYBER FORENSICS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CHALLENGES BY – AKASH JADHAV & MS SHIVANGI SINHA

REGULATION OF CYBER FRAUDS IN THE ARENA OF E COMMERCE LAW BY - ADV. RASHMI. A

CYBERSQUATTING: HOW IT FOUL PLAYS THE SOCIETY BY - KANIKA CHANDAK & PROF. SHIVANGI SINHA

THEORIZING CUSTODY JURISPRUDENCE AND THE BEST INTEREST PRINCIPLE IN SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES BY - SYED MUJTABA ATHAR

REGULATION OF ADVANCED DIGITAL FOOD SERVICE TECHNOLOGIES IN INDIA BY - VIPASHA CHIRMULAY & DR LS CHIRMULAY

CARBON FOOTPRINTS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES: ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS & POLICIES BY - KESHAV GARG

SEPARATION OF POWER BY - POORVA CHAWLA

TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN INDIA: A SOCIOLEGAL PERSPECTIVE BY - TRUPTI AGARKAR

UNDER THE RAINBOW: NAVIGATING THE SOCIO-LEGAL LANDSCAPE OF LGBTQ+ COMMUNITY BY - ADITYA VERMA & MEHUL NARAYAN DUBEY

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