ROLE OF MEDICAL PRACTIONERS IN CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE CASES BY: KANIKA UPADHYAYA

Authors : KANIKA UPADHYAYA

Registration ID : 106597 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6597

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : Kanikaupadhyaya44@gmail.com

Page No :17 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2024-92512585/ROLE OF MEDICAL PRACTIONERS IN CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND IMPACT ON LEGAL PROFESSION BY - JIGYASHA JAISWAL & DR. ABHIMANYU SETHY

Authors : JIGYASHA JAISWAL & DR. ABHIMANYU SETHY

Registration ID : 106595 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6595 & IJLRA6596

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : jigsthecool@gmail.com & abhimanyu.law@gmail.com

Page No :19 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2024-95624438/ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND IMPACT ON LEGAL PROFES

INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE AND DATA PROTECTION: THE SINGAPORE MEDIATION CONVENTION BY: ISHAAN DEEPAK JOSHI

Authors : ISHAAN DEEPAK JOSHI

Registration ID : 106594 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6594

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : researcher.idjlaw@gmail.com

Page No :21 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2024-43827196/INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE AND DATA PROTECTION: THE SI

UNIONS AS SHIELDS AGAINST EXPLOITATION: THE CASE FOR ORGANISING THE SEX INDUSTRY BY - VEDHIKA GUPTA

Authors : VEDHIKA GUPTA

Registration ID : 106593 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6593

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : guptavedhika481@gmail.com

Page No :13 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2024-69363392/UNIONS AS SHIELDS AGAINST EXPLOITATION: THE CASE F

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: LEGAL PROSPECTS, IMPLICATIONS, CHALLENGES BY - MRUTHULA IYER, INSHA SHAIKH & KETAKI RAO

Authors : MRUTHULA IYER, INSHA SHAIKH & KETAKI RAO

Registration ID : 106590 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6590, JLRA6591 & JLRA6592

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : iyer.mrudul@gmail.com, inshashaikh41@gmail.com & ketaki.gnlu@gmail.com

Page No :21 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2024-37633188/WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: LEGAL PROSPECTS, IMPLICATI

E BANKING IN INDIA: A CRITICAL STUDY OF LEGISLATIVE MEASURES BY – DR. TANVEER KAUR

Authors : DR. TANVEER KAUR

Registration ID : 106589 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6589

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : alind.gupta16@nludelhi.ac.in

Page No :19 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2024-62568253/E BANKING IN INDIA: A CRITICAL STUDY OF LEGISLATIV

RISE IN THE NUMBER OF CONSTITUTION BENCH JUDGMENTS IN 2023: A CAUSE TO CELEBRATE? BY - ALIND GUPTA & DR TANVEER KAUR

Authors : ALIND GUPTA & DR TANVEER KAUR

Registration ID : 106587 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6587 & IJLRA6588

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : alindgpt@yahoo.co.in & tanveer.kaur@ddn.upes.ac.in

Page No :09 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2024-77152756/RISE IN THE NUMBER OF CONSTITUTION BENCH JUDGMENTS

RIGHTS OF REFUGEE CHILDREN-A CRITICAL ANALYSIS BY - ASHUTOSH TRIPATHI

Authors : ASHUTOSH TRIPATHI

Registration ID : 106586 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6586

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : tripathi.ashutosh429@gmail.com

Page No :10 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2024-68547932/RIGHTS OF REFUGEE CHILDREN-A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

CORPORATE GREENHOUSE GAS DISCLOSURE NORMS: -A STUDY OF THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK IN INDIA, USA & U.K. BY - AYUSHI LAKSHMI VERMA & KAVYA MAHESHWARI

Authors : AYUSHI LAKSHMI VERMA & KAVYA MAHESHWARI

Registration ID : 106584 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6584 & IJLRA6585

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : ayushilakshmiverma@gmail.com & kavya.maheshwarii97@gmail.com

Page No :18 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2024-74152936/CORPORATE GREENHOUSE GAS DISCLOSURE NORMS: -A STUD

CONDITION RESTRAINING ALIENATION- CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SECTION 10 OF THE TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT, 1882 BY - DR TANVEER KAUR

Authors : DR TANVEER KAUR

Registration ID : 106583 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6583

Year : Jan-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : alind.gupta16@nludelhi.ac.in

Page No :09 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2024-43897936/CONDITION RESTRAINING ALIENATION- CRITICAL ANALYSI

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

Accessibility:Open Access

License:Creative Commons 4.0

Submit Manuscript:Click here

Licensing:

All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Disclaimer:

The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

[1] Jyoti Belur and BB Singh: CSA and Law in India: a Commentary: https://crimesciencejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40163-015-0037-2

[3] Protection Of Children From Sexual Abuses: Decoding The POCSO Act: https://legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-8225-protection-of-children-from-sexual-abuses-decoding-the-pocso-act.html

^{^[4]} Child Sexual Abuse in India: Alarming statistics, lifelong impact, how to heal: https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/featurephilia/story/child-sexual-abuse-in-india-alarming-statistics-lifelong-impact-how-to-heal-2416285-2023-08-04

^{^[5]} S. Tyagi and S. Karande: Child sexual abuse in India: A wake-up call: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8445113/

[8] John Briere, Catherine Scott: Principles of Trauma Therapy: Guide to symptoms, evaluation and treatment: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=VtjsAwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&ots=nRlqyfLKnC&sig=NPOext7IcyGwFaNxQklHl6D

[10] CSA in India: A systematic Review: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205086

[12] Mathura Trial: Tukaram Vs. State of Maharashtra AIR 1979 SC 185

[13] Case Law regarding medical evidence in relation to sexual violence: https://india.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/casebook_26-12-2018_final.pdf

[14] Sentencing In Rape Cases: A Critical Appraisal Of Judicial Decisions In India: https://jstor-gnlu.refread.com/stable/pdf/26826588.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3A164f95f65a787a7a20de324a18d58702&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_

^{^[15]} Child abuse carried out under guise of medical treatment, report finds: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/dec/03/child-abuse-carried-out-under-guise-medical-treatment-inquiry-told

[16] In line with CEDAW, ICESCR and related International Conventions

^{^[21]} In line with WHO Guidelines on reporting of child sexual abuse: Responding to children and adolescents who have been sexually abused: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550147

[22] Dilip vs. State of Madhya Pradesh (2013) 14 SCC 331

[23] SAFE ( Sexual Assault Forensic Evidence) Kit to be used

[24] State of Karnataka vs. Manjanna (2000) 6 Supreme Court Cases 188

[25] Medical Examination of Survivors / Victims of Sexual Violence: A Handbook for Medical Officers: https://india.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/handbook_final_design.pdf

[26] Child with age of 12 years and above : Section 89-90IPC

[27] Implementing POCSO Act 2012 in schools: https://www.nipccd.nic.in/file/reports/pocso12.pdf

[28] Ibid: Parents or Guardian/ Child Welfare Committee/Panel of Senior Doctors in Administrative Position

[34] Section 164 A Crpc: DNA: necessary to collect alongside clothes worn at time of incident and any other material evidences like semen, bodily fluids etc.

[39] GUIDELINES & PROTOCOLS Medico-legal care for survivors/victims of Sexual Violence: https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/953522324.pdf

^{^[46]}Section 19 POCSO: Five things to know about the POCSO Act: https://idronline.org/article/rights/five-things-to-know-about-the-pocso act/?gad_source=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIrsXPo96TgwMVxKlmAh3uZwMeEAAYASAAEgJ5N_D_BwE

[49] Chapter 5: POCSO 2012: Child Welfare Home or any alternate accommodation

^{^[55]}Hathras Gangrape Case: In UP, Rape Survivors Struggle to Get Police to Register FIRs, Let Alone Investigate Them: https://thewire.in/women/uttar-pradesh-police-rape-fir-discrimination

[56] Guidelines for Forensic Examination in Sexual Assault Case: https://cghealth.nic.in/ehealth/2018/Instructions/Guide07092018.pdf

[58] David L. Kerns, Donna L. Terman and Carol S. Larson: The Role of Physicians in Reporting and Evaluating Child Sexual Abuse Cases: The Role of Physicians in Reporting and Evaluating Child Sexual Abuse Cases on JSTOR

^{^[60]} Clinical Practice Guidelines for Child Sexual Abuse: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6345137/

S0145213402004192

[63] B.L. Chaudhary,, Raghvendra Kr: Medical examination of child of sexual assault under the protection of children from sexual offences (POSCO), act 2012: https://www.academia.edu/36505517/Medical_examination_of_child_of_sexual_assault_under_the_protection_of_children_from_sexual_offences_POSCO_a

[64] Breaking Silence: CSA in India: https://www.hrw.org/report/2013/02/07/breaking-silence/child-sexual-abuse-india

[65] GUIDELINES FOR MANDATORY REPORTING IN CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE CASE: https://nimhanschildprotect.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Guidelines-for-Mandatory-Reporting-in-Child-Sexual-Abuse-cases.pdf

[67] Sexual abuse at shelter homes: Existing mechanism not adequate to deal with problem, says SC: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sexual-abuse-at-shelter-homes-existing-mechanism-not-adequate-to-deal-with

[68] How Apna Ghar Sexual Abuse Case Unfolded: https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/all-about-rohtak-s-apna-ghar-sexual-abuse-case-the-horror-tales-and-how-it-unfolded/stor

[69] The 10 Biggest Legal Mistakes Physicians Make When Dealing with Suspected Child Abuse and Suspected Sexual Abuse: https://seak.com/blog/uncategorized/10-biggest-legal-mistakes-physicians-make-dealing-suspected-child-abuse-suspected-sexual-abuse/

^{^[72]} In Absence Of Victim’s Medical Report, Rape Accused Is Entitled To Get Benefit Of Doubt: Calcutta High Court: https://bnblegal.com/news/in-absence-of-victims-medical-report-rape-accused-is-entitled-to-get-benefit-of-doubt-calcutta-high-court/

[73] Hari Chand v State: https://www.livelaw.in/delhi-hc-acquits-rape-accused-benefit-doubt/

[74] St State Of Himachal Pradesh v Asha Ram, 2006 Cri.L.J. 139

[76] Kerala High Court Enunciates Broad Principles For Compounding Of Sexual Offences Against Women & Children Upon Compromise With Accused: https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/kerala-high-court/kerala-high-court-sexual-offences-quashing-compromise-with-accused-non-compondble offences

[77] Parikh's Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology

[78] Modi Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology, 23rd Edition: https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/rajesh-vs-state-of-up-and-3-others-criminal-misc-bail-application-no-10336-of-2022-allahabad-high-court-474170.

[79] Madan Gopal Kakkad vs Naval Dubey And another, 1992 SCR (2) 921

[80] State v. Rehan, 2020 SCC OnLine Del 172, decided on 21-01-2020]...

[82] Bharwada Bhoginbhai Hirjibhai Vs. State of Gujarat, AIR 1983 SC 753

[83] C. Henry Kempe: The battered-child syndrome. JAMA. 1962;181(1):17-24: https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/why-1962-matters-history-clinicians-responses-abused-and-neglected-children/2023-02

[84] Responding To Child Sexual Abuse: https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Responding_To-Child-Sexual-Abuse-028.aspx#:~:text=The%20examining%

[86] J E Myers: Adjudication of CSA Cases: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7804772/

[87] Dirk Huyer, MD: CSA and Family Physicians: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1479790/

[88] Child Abuse and Neglect: Are Future Doctors prepared?: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1344622322000888

^{^[90]} DJ Besharov: Responding to child sexual abuse: the need for a balanced approach: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7804761/

^{^[92]} Protecting Children From Sexual Abuse by Health Care Professionals and in the Health Care Setting: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/150/3/e2022058879/189218/Protecting-Children-From-Sexual-Abuse-by-Health?autologincheck=redirected

^{^[93]} Time to End Physician Sexual Abuse of Patients: Calling the U.S. Medical Community to Action: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-019-05014-6

[94] Child safety and Well Being Clinical Services: https://unmhealth.org/medical-professionals/child-abuse-response.html

[96] Sexual Abuse by Medical Professionals: https://www.rainn.org/articles/sexual-abuse-medical-professionals

[98] Adult Manifestations of Childhood Sexual Abuse: https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2011/08/adult-manifestations-of-childhood-sexual-abuse

^{^[99]} New guidance for physicians to help tackle child sexual exploitation: https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/news/new-guidance-physicians-help-tackle-child-sexual-exploitation

[101] Child Sexual Exploitation A Guide for Health Practitioners: https://www.pkc.gov.uk/media/39252/Child-Sexual-Exploitation-A-Guide-for-Health-Practitioners/pdf/Child_Sexual_Exploitation_-_A_Guide_for_Health_Practitio

[103] Child sexual abuse (CSA) forensic medical examinations: INTERIM GUIDANCE REGARDING NUMBERS OF EXAMINATIONS AND THE MAINTENANCE OF COMPETENCE: https://fflm.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ARCHIVED-CSA-Examinations-Interim-Guidance-Dr-B-Butler-Feb-2020.pdf

[104] Quality Standards for doctors undertaking Pediatric Sexual Offence Medicine (PSOM): https://fflm.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ARCHIVED-Quality-Standards-for-doctors-undertaking-PSOM-Dr-Cath-White-and-Prof-Ian-Wall-April

[105] Coventry Safeguarding Children: One Minute Guide Child Sexual Abuse For Paediatricians, Emergency Doctors, and other Health Staff March 2022: https://www.coventry.gov.uk/downloads/file/38420/child-sexual-abuse-guide-for-paediatricians-emergency-doctors-and-other-health-staff

^{^[107]} Medical Assessment of Alleged or Suspected Child Abuse: https://www.proceduresonline.com/sbni/p_medical_assess.html

[1] LohrSteve, ‘A.I Is Doing Legal Work. But It Won’t Replace Lawyers’, New York Times, 2017 available at https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/19/technology/lawyers-artificial-intelligence.html (last accessed on 24/8/23)

[2] https://www.dictionary.com/ last accessed on 24/8/23

[3] https://www.bqprime.com/law-and-policy/ai-can-be-used-in-judicial-process-but-cannot-replace-human-discretion-cji (last visited on 26/8/23)

[4] Mirza Aslam Beg, ‘Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Indian Legal System’, Legal Service India, available at https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-631-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-indian-legal-system.html (last visited on 26/8/23)

[5] Mirza Aslam Beg,’ Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Indian Legal System’, Legal Service India, available at https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-631-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-indian-legal-system.html (last visited on 26/8/23)

[6]https://www.bqprime.com/law-and-policy/ai-can-be-used-in-judicial-process-but-cannot-replace-human-discretion-cji (last visited on 26/8/23)

[7]https://www.mondaq.com/india/new-technology/712308/can-artificial-intelligence-be-given-legal-rights-and-duties (last visited on 25/8/23)

[8] https://ignited.in/I/a/304949 (last visited on 25/8/23)

[9] https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/task-force-set-up-to-study-ai-application-in-military-5049568/ (last accessed on 25/8/23)

[10] https://www.analyticsinsight.net/supreme-court-use-artificial-intelligence-better-judicial-system/ (last visited on 26/8/23)

[11] Sunil Kumar, ‘Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence’, Towards Data science available at https://towardsdatascience.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-artificial-intelligence-182a5ef6588c (last visited on 26/8/23)

[12] Sunil Kumar, ‘Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence’, Towards Data science available at https://towardsdatascience.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-artificial-intelligence-182a5ef6588c (last visited on 26/8/23)

[13] https://www.mondaq.com/india/new-technology/712308/can-artificial-intelligence-be-given-legal-rights-and-duties (last visited on 26/8/23)

[14] https://www.mondaq.com/india/new-technology/712308/can-artificial-intelligence-be-given-legal-rights-and-duties (last visited on 26/8/23)

[15] Smriti Srivastava, ‘Supreme Court to use Artificial Intelligence for better Judicial System’, Analytics Insight available at https://www.analyticsinsight.net/supreme-court-use-artificial-intelligence-better-judicial-system/ (last visited on 26/8/23)

[16] Smriti Srivastava, ‘Supreme Court to use Artificial Intelligence for better Judicial System’, Analytics Insight available at https://www.analyticsinsight.net/supreme-court-use-artificial-intelligence-better-judicial-system/ (last visited on 26/8/23)

[17] https://www.lexico.com/definition/artificial_intelligence (last accessed on 25/8/23)

[18] https://www.lexico.com/definition/artificial_intelligence (last accessed on 25/8/23)

[19] WIPO, ‘Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property’, available at https://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/artificial_intelligence/policy.html (last visited on 25/8/23)

[20] https://www.mondaq.com/india/new-technology/712308/can-artificial-intelligence-be-given-legal-rights-and-duties (last visited on 26/8/23)

[1] P De Hert and S Gutwirth, "Privacy, Data Protection and Law Enforcement. Opacity of the lndividual and Transparency of Power" in E Claes, A Duff and S Gutwirth (eds), Privacy and the ,Criminal Law (Intersentia, 2006) 61-104.

[2] R Walters, L Trakman and B Zeller, Data Protection: A Comparative Analysis of Asia-Pacific and Europe (Union Springer, 2019).

[3] B Zeller and L Trakman, "Mediation and Arbitration -The Process of Enforcement" (2019) 24 Uniform ww Review 449.

[4] On the development of the Singapore Mediation Convention, see The Singapore Mediation Co11ve11tion: An Overview

[5] The Australian Dispute Resolution Research Network, A Trib,ute to Mediation's Grassroots

[6] Nadja Alexander (ed), "Singapore Convention on Mediation'" on KlmverMediationBlog (24 July 2018)

[7] Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Official Journal of the European Communities C364/5.

[8] T Magee, China's Data Privacy Law Came into Effect This May - and It Was Inspired lry GDPR (2018)

[9] A Aditya Rahman, Indonesia Enacts Personal Data Regulation, Privacy Laws and Business (Data Protection and Privacy lnfonnation Worldwide, 2017) Issue 145.

[10] S Chesterman, Data Protection Law in Singapore, Privacy and Sovereignty in an Interconnected (World, Academy Publishing, 2014) 208-218.

[11] Report of the Committee on the Future Economy Pioneers of the Next Generation

[12] "H Harkrisnowo, H Juwana and Y Oppusunggu, Law and Justice ina Global/zed World (World Editors Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia, 2016).

[13] A Etzioni, "A Cyber Age Privacy Doctrine: More Coheren1t, Less Subjective, and Operational" (2015) 80( 4) Brooklyn Law Review 1263; DT Pesciotta, "I'm Not Dead Yet: Katz, Jones, .and the Fourth Amendment in the 21st Century'' (2012) 63 Case Western Reserve Law Review 187.

[14] M Taddicken, "The 'Privacy Paradox' in the Social Web: The Impact of Privacy Concerns, Individual Characteristics, and the Perceived Social Relevance on Different Forms of Self-disclos111re" (2014) 19(2) Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 270.

[15] S Al-Fedaghi, How Sensitive is Your Personal lnfomuition?,) Proceedings of the 2007 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (2007) 165-169.

[16] C Photopoulos, Managing Catastrophic Loss of Sensitive Daira: A Guide for rr and Security Professionals (Syngress, 2011) 3.

[17] T Ojanen, "Privacy is More Than Just a Seven-letter Word: The Court of Justice of the European Union Sets Constitutional Limits on Mass Surveillance: Court of Justice of the Europeam Union Decision of 8 April 2014 in Joined Cases C-293/12 and C-594/12, Digital Rights Ireland and Seitlinger and Others" (2014) 10(3) European Constitutional Law Review 528.

[18] L Trakman, R Walters and B Zeller, Is Privacy and Personal Data Set to Become the New Intellectual Property? (2019) International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, forthcoming

[20] Kathleen Paisley, "It's All About the Data: The Impact of the EU General Data Protection Regulation on International Arbitration" (20 I 8) 41 ( 4) Fordham /11ternational law Journal.

[21] Dewi, Sinta and Walters, Robert and Trakman, Leon and Zeller, Bruno, The Role of International Mediation in Data Protection and Privacy Law - Can It be Effective? (September 1, 2019). (2019) 30 Australian Dispute Resolution Journal 61, UNSW Law Research Paper No. 19-77.

[1]Nitish Pattanaik, Need for Sex Workers Union in India, INDIAN LAW PORTAL BLOG (Apr. 08, 2023)

[2]Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, § 2, No. 14, Acts of Parliament, 1947 (India)

[3]Sumana Satyamurthy, Unionisation of Sex Workers, Vol. 2 JCLJ (2022)

[4] From “Sex Work and HIV/AIDS: The Violence of Stigmatization” By Meena Seshu for UNAIDS Global Reference Group on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights.

^{^[6]} Kajal Mukesh Singh & ors v. State of Maharashtra 2021

[7] Budhadev Karmaskar v State of West Bengal 2011

[1] Babson College, Babson Thought & Action, GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) Report, 2022/2023 Women’s Entrepreneurship Report, (2023)

https://entrepreneurship.babson.edu/gem-women-entrepreneurship-2023/.

[2] R. Lavanya, M. Lareesha and D. Madav, Women Entrepreneurship in India, 2, Advances in Economics and Business Management (AEBM), 714, (2015).

[3] Radha Sharma and ors., Women and entrepreneurship, Frontiers, (Sept 24 2021) https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/10947/women-and-entrepreneurship#articles.

[4] Amanda Bullough, Women’s entrepreneurship and culture: gender role expectations and identities, societal culture, and the entrepreneurial environment, Small Business Economics, 985–996 (2022) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11187-020-00429-6.

[5]Mastercard, The Mastercard Index of Women Entrepreneurs, (2022),

[6] Arushi Sharma, Shivanshi Gupta, Women Entrepreneurship and Indian Laws, Law Audience Journal, 47, 60. (2023).

[7]G Satyanarayana, Women Entrepreneurship in India: A case study on Swarna Jyothi Mahila Samakhya (SHG) in Warangal District of A.P, (2016)

https://bspublications.net/downloads/057775fb7488eb_Ch-1_women.pdf.

[8] F.A.I.C. and C.E.S. vs. Association of India, AIR 1988 SC 1291.

[9] OECD, The Impact of Legal Frameworks on Women’s Economic Empowerment around the World: challenges and good practices, 5-7, (2018), https://www.oecd.org/mena/competitiveness/2107-March-on-Gender-Legal-Framework-Highlights.pdf.

[10] Asian Development Bank, Emerging lessons on Women entrepreneurship in Asia and the Pacific: Case studies from the Asian Development Bank and the Asia Foundation, 11, (2018), https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/459551/women-entrepreneurship-lessons-asia-pacific.pdf.

[11] OECD, The Impact of Legal Frameworks on Women’s Economic Empowerment around the World: challenges and good practices, 5-7, (2018), https://www.oecd.org/mena/competitiveness/2107-March-on-Gender-Legal-Framework-Highlights.pdf.

[13]International Development Law Organization, Access to justice for women entrepreneurs, (2019),

https://www.idlo.int/sites/default/files/pdfs/news/summary-weatoj-jordan-final.pdf.

[14] United nations ESCAP, Fostering Women’s Entrepreneurship in ASEAN, 53-60, (2017), https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/ESCAP-FWE-ASEAN-full_0.pdf.

[15] OECD, The Impact of Legal Frameworks on Women’s Economic Empowerment around the World: challenges and good practices, 7-9, (2018), https://www.oecd.org/mena/competitiveness/2107-March-on-Gender-Legal-Framework-Highlights.pdf.

[16] OECD, The Impact of Legal Frameworks on Women’s Economic Empowerment around the World: challenges and good practices, 7-9, (2018), https://www.oecd.org/mena/competitiveness/2107-March-on-Gender-Legal-Framework-Highlights.pdf.

[18] Satish Kumar & Kanika Thakur, Women Entrepreneurs in India – What Chains Their success? (pg. 532), Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2023)

[19] Chatterjee, S. (2022) Women and intellectual property law, Law Corner. Available at: https://lawcorner.in/women-intellectual-property-law/. (Accessed: 18 May 2023).

[20] R. G. Garg. (2021, November 8). All you need to know about equal remuneration enforcement. https://blog.ipleaders.in/all-you-need-to-know- about-equal-remuneration-enforcement/.

[21] Prof. Renu Jogdand & Ms. Mruthula Iyer, Entrepreneurship in women, gender discrimination and sexual harassment, International Conference on Women Entrepreneurship and Employability in Global Era (2019)

^{^[1]} S. Ganesh, Electronic Commerce: Applications in Banking”, in S.B. Verma, S.K. Gupta and M.K. Sharma (edited), p. 27

^{^[2]} R. P. Nainta, Banking System, Frauds and Legal Control, Deep & Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2005, p. 154

^{^[3]} S.S. Kaptan and N.S. Choubey, Indian Banking in Electronic Era, Sarup & Sons, New Delhi, 2003, p. 91

[4] Mishra A.K., Internet banking in India. Banknetindia.com, http://www.banknetindia.com/banking/ibkg.htm.

^{^[6]} Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, www.Arraydev.com/commerce/jibc

^{^[8]} Avinandan Mukherjee, A model of trust in online relationship banking, The International Journal of Bank Marketing 2003; 21, 1; ProQuest Central p. 5 (2003)

^{^[10]} Electric Signature, Art.2, Definition; Part I, UNICITRAL Model Law on Electric Signatures with Guide Enactment 2001, I

^{^[11]}The Act is passed as a consequence of the Political Declaration adopted by the Special Session of the UN General Assembly 1999 which called upon the Member States to adopt an anti-money laundering law and connected programmes. Accordingly, the Standing Committee on Finance presented its recommendations to the Lok Sabha on 4-3-1999

^{^[12]} The Prevention of Money Laundering (Amendment) Act, 2012, dt. 3-1-2013.

^{^[13]} Payment system not to operate without authorisation. RBI is the only authority to author- ise payment system and its operation. Any one desirous of commencing or operating a payment system should apply to the RBI. [Ss. 4 and 5]

^{^[14]}The RBI after receiving the application for commencing or operating the payment system shall hold an inquiry [S. 6] before considering the application for operating the system. While disposing of the application the RBI can issue or refuse authorisation. If it issues it must consider: the need for authorisation, the technical standards of the proposed payment system, the terms and conditions of operation of the proposed payment system including security procedure, the manner of transfer of funds, the procedure for netting, the financial status of the applicant, the interest of consumers, monetary and credit policies, etc. [S. 7]

^{^[15]} The RBI can call for returns, documents or other information from any system provider [S. 12]

^{^[16]} The RBI shall have power to access the payment system whenever required. [S. 13]

^{^[17]} RBI has power to authorise any officer to enter any premises, make an inspection of the payment system, computer system or any other equipment to check if compliance with the orders and directions is observed. [S. 14]

^{^[18]} Duty to keep the payment system confidential. A system provider is under obligation not to disclose any document or information relating to the payment system as directed by the RBI. [S. 22]

^{^[19]} G.S.R. (E) The Gazette of India, Extra., Part II, S. 3, sub-s. (i), dt. 11-4-2011. The Government of India, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, New Delhi

^{^[22]} V.P. Shetty, “Electronic Banking”, in S.B. Verma, S.K. Gupta and M.K. Sharma (edited), p. 24.

^{^[24]} S.C.Gupta, “Internet Banking-Changing Vistas of Delivery Chanel”, in S.B. Verma, S.K. Gupta and M.K. Sharma (edited), p. 106.

^{^[26]} Efraim Turban, et.al, Electronic Commerce, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2006, p. 118

^{^[28]} See: P. Weill and M.R. Vitale, Place to Space: Migrating to e-Business Models, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 2001.

^{^[29]} Lee Fen Yem, Cyber Space Law, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2007, p. 128

^{^[30]} Bank Informs Rbi of Security Breach: Axis Suffers Cyber Attack, Hires Ey To Probe Damage - The Economic Times, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/banking/axis-bank-yet-to-figure-outextent-of-server-breach-damage-if-any/articleshow/54927032.cms

^{^[31]}SBI alerts about online KYC fraud: Tells customers how to keep bank account safe - The Economic Times https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/save/sbi-alerts-about-online-kyc-fraud-tells-customershow-to-keep-bank-account-safe/articleshow/84370088.cms?from=mdr

[1] Padmakshi Sharma, ‘Supreme Court Constitution Bench Judgments & Hearings Of 2023’ (LiveLaw, December 2023) https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-constitution-bench-judgments-hearings-of-2023-245254 accessed 1 January 2023.

[7] Tarunabh Khaitan, ‘The Indian Supreme Court’s identity crisis: a constitutional court or a court of appeals?’ (2020) 4(1) Indian Law Review < https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24730580.2020.1730543> accessed 25 May 2023.

[9] R Sai Spandana, ‘In 5 Months, the SC Conducted a Remarkable 55 CB Hearings’ (Supreme Court Observer, May 2023) < https://www.scobserver.in/journal/constitution-bench-cases-and-judgements-2023-jan-may/> accessed 1 January 2024.

[10] Krishnadas Rajgopal, ‘There will be at least one Constitution Bench in Supreme Court throughout the year: CJI-designate U.U. Lalit’ (The Hindu, August 2022) < https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/there-will-be-at-least-one-constitution-bench-in-supreme-court-throughout-the-year-cji-designate-uu-lalit/article65814413.ece> accessed 1 January 2024.

[11] Advay Vora and Krithiha V, ‘Constitution Benches to become a “permanent feature” of SC: Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud’ (Supreme Court Observer, September 2023) < https://www.scobserver.in/journal/constitution-benches-to-become-a-permanent-feature-of-sc-chief-justice-d-y-chandrachud/> accessed 2 January 2024.

[13] R Sai Spandana, ‘Where are the Seven and Nine Judge Constitution Benches?’ (Supreme Court Observer, July 2023) < https://www.scobserver.in/journal/where-are-the-seven-and-nine-judge-constitution-benches/> accessed 1 January 2024.

[16] Krishnadas Rajagopal, ‘Supreme Court in 2023: Constitution Benches galore, but judgments belie petitioners’ hopes’ (The Hindu, December 2023) < https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/constitution-benches-galore-in-sc-but-judgments-belie-petitioners-hopes/article67693019.ece> accessed 2 January 2024.

[18] Gautam Bhatia, ‘The Sound of Silence: The Legacy of Chief Justice N.V. Ramana’ (The Wire, August 2022) < https://thewire.in/law/cji-ramana-legacy> accessed 2 January 2024.

[2] Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted 10 December 1948 UNGA Res 217 A(III) (UDHR) Art 15.

[3] Halima E. Warzazi, ‘Exploitation of Labor through Illicit and Clandestine Trafficking’ E/CN.4/Sub.2/1986/6 (UN Publications 1986).

[4] GS Goodwin-Gill, ‘Who to Protect, How … and the Future?’ (1997) 9 IJRL 1, 7.

[5] J McAdam, ‘Complementary Protection in International Refugee Law’ (Oxford University Press 2006) 173-174.

[6] UN General Assembly, ‘Convention on the Rights of the Child’ (November 1989 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577) Art. 2.

[8] Report of the 2012 Day of General Discussion: ‘The Rights of all Children in the Context of International Migration’ (UNHRC 2013) [72].

[9] Jorge Bustamante, Human Rights Council: ‘Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants’ UN Doc A/HRC/11/7 (14 May 2009) [57], [123].

[10] UNHCR, ‘Guidelines on Policies and Procedures in Dealing with Unaccompanied Children Seeking Asylum’ (February 1997) [9.2].

[11] Constitution of India 1950 (Indian Constitution) Art. 23.

[12] Verelst A and Ors, ‘Mental health of victims of sexual violence in eastern Congo: Associations with daily stressors, stigma and labelling’ BMC women's health 2014 14:106.

[13]United States Department of State, ‘Trafficking in Persons Report’ (June 2010) .

[14] Indian Constitution (n. 11) Art. 39(e) & (f).

[1] Roshaan Wasim, Corporate (Non)Disclosure of Climate Change Information 119 Columbia Law Review 1311, 1321 (2019).

[2] Peter McKillop, Cornerstone Capital’s New Framework for Climate Investing, Climate and Capital Media (Apr 17, 2020) available at https://www.climateandcapitalmedia.com/topic-asset-management/.

[3] Gary F. Peters and Andrea M. Romi, Does the Voluntary Adoption of Corporate Governance Mechanisms Improve Environmental Risk Disclosures? Evidence from Greenhouse Gas Emission Accounting 125 Journal of Business Ethics 637, 643 (2014).

[4] Justin Worland, Climate Change Could Spark Another Great Recession. This Time, It May Be Permanent, Time (2017), available at http://time.com/4837020/climatechange-economy-recession/.

[5] Michael Greenstone & John A. List, The Effect of Environmental Regulation on the Competitiveness of U.S. Manufacturing 31 Nat’l Bureau of Econ. Research, Working Paper No. 18, 392 (2012). https://www.nber.org/papers/ w18392.pdf.

[6] Kishanthi Parella, Reputational Regulation, 67 Duke L.J. 907, 913 (2018).

[9] Commission Guidance Regarding Disclosure Related to Climate Change, Securities Act Release No. 9106, Exchange Act Release No. 61,469, 75 Fed. Reg. 6290 (Feb. 8, 2010).

[10] COP-26: India PM Narendra Modi Pledges Net-zero emissions by 2070, BBC (November 2021) available at https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-59125143.

[11] Understanding the SEC’s proposed climate risk disclosure rule, Mckinsey & Co. (June 3, 2022) available at https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/understanding-the-secs-proposed-climate-risk-disclosure-rule.

[14] Kauffmann, C., C. Tébar Less & D. Teichmann, Corporate Greenhouse Gas Emission Reporting: A Stocktaking of Government Schemes, OECD Working Papers on International Investment, 2012/01, OECD (2012), available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k97g3x674lq-en.

[17] UK mandatory GHG and environmental reporting, CDSB (2021) available at https://www.cdsb.net/what-we-do/reporting-policy/uk-mandatory-ghg-reporting-qa.

[18] Sarthak Bhardwaj et al, Do Firms Undertaking ‘Green Initiatives’ Create Share Holder Value? 4 International Research Journal Of Modernization In Engineering Technology And Science 6, 15 (2022).

[19]What is Paris Agreement? United Nations Climate Change, https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement (last visited Sept. 28, 2022).

[21] Kauffmann ET AL, Corporate Greenhouse Gas Emission Reporting: A Stocktaking of Government Schemes, Oecd Working Papers On International Investment, 1, 12 (2012).

[22] B. Charumathi & Habeebu Rahman, An Empirical Study On Corporate Greenhouse Gas Emissions Disclosure In India, Information Technology And Management 21, 25 (2017).

[23]National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental, and Economic Responsibilities of Business, Ministry Of Corporate Affairs, (2011), https://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/latestnews/National_Voluntary_Guidelines_2011_12jul2011.pdf.

[24]National Guidelines on Responsible Business Conduct, Ministry Of Corporate Affairs, (2019), https://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/pdf/NationalGuildeline_15032019.pdf

[25]CSR: History, National Csr Portal, https://www.csr.gov.in/content/csr/global/master/home/aboutcsr/history.html (last visited Sept. 29, 2022).

[26] Securities and Exchange Board of India (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015, SECURITIES EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA, No. SEBI/LAD-NRO/GN/2015-16/013 (as amended July 25, 2022).

[27]Disclosure Requirements for Issuance and Listing of Green Debt Securities, Securities Exchange Board Of India, CIR/IMD/DF/51/2017, (2017).

[29] Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Report of the Committee on Business Responsibility Reporting, (May 08, 2020).

[30]SECURITIES EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA, SEBI/HO/CFD/CMD-2/P/CIR/2021/562 (May 11, 2021).

[31]Sebi comes out with disclosure requirements under Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report, The Economic Times (May 11, 2021), https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/sebi-comes out-with-disclosure-requirements-under-business-responsibility-and-sustainability report/articleshow/82533681.cms?from=mdr (last visited September 27, 2022).

[33] Mark Uhrynuk et al., India Imposes New ESG Reporting Requirements on Top 1000 Listed Companies, Mayer Brown (June 8, 2021), https://www.eyeonesg.com/2021/06/india-imposes-new-esg-reporting-requirements-on-top-1000-listed-companies/ (last visited September 30, 2022).

[34]Ankush Patel, India ESG regulation a new challenge for companies, THE TIMES OF INDIA (March 25, 2022), https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/india-esg-regulation-a-new-challenge-for-companies/.

[35] The Companies Act, 2013, § 134 (3) (m) No. 18, Acts of Parliament, 2013 (India).

[39] M.K. Ranjitsinh v. Union of India, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 326.

[3] Mulla, The Transfer of Property Act 1882 (13^th edn)

[4] Law Commission of India, The Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (Report No. 70, 1977) Ch XVII.

[5] Poonam Pradhan Saxena, Property Law (3^rd edn, Lexis Nexis 2017)

[6] Shephard and Brown, Commentaries on the Transfer of Property Act 1882 (4^th edn, Lawrence Asylum Press 1899).

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

ROLE OF MEDICAL PRACTIONERS IN CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE CASES BY: KANIKA UPADHYAYA

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND IMPACT ON LEGAL PROFESSION BY - JIGYASHA JAISWAL & DR. ABHIMANYU SETHY

INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE AND DATA PROTECTION: THE SINGAPORE MEDIATION CONVENTION BY: ISHAAN DEEPAK JOSHI

UNIONS AS SHIELDS AGAINST EXPLOITATION: THE CASE FOR ORGANISING THE SEX INDUSTRY BY - VEDHIKA GUPTA

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: LEGAL PROSPECTS, IMPLICATIONS, CHALLENGES BY - MRUTHULA IYER, INSHA SHAIKH & KETAKI RAO

E BANKING IN INDIA: A CRITICAL STUDY OF LEGISLATIVE MEASURES BY – DR. TANVEER KAUR

RISE IN THE NUMBER OF CONSTITUTION BENCH JUDGMENTS IN 2023: A CAUSE TO CELEBRATE? BY - ALIND GUPTA & DR TANVEER KAUR

RIGHTS OF REFUGEE CHILDREN-A CRITICAL ANALYSIS BY - ASHUTOSH TRIPATHI

CORPORATE GREENHOUSE GAS DISCLOSURE NORMS: -A STUDY OF THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK IN INDIA, USA & U.K. BY - AYUSHI LAKSHMI VERMA & KAVYA MAHESHWARI

CONDITION RESTRAINING ALIENATION- CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SECTION 10 OF THE TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT, 1882 BY - DR TANVEER KAUR

LAW JOURNAL

IMPORTANT LINKS

ETHICS & POLICY

Citation

[61] Genital examinations for alleged sexual abuse of prepubertal girls: findings by pediatric emergency medicine physicians compared with child abuse trained physicians: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0145213402004192

[69] The 10 Biggest Legal Mistakes Physicians Make When Dealing with Suspected Child Abuse and Suspected Sexual Abuse: https://seak.com/blog/uncategorized/10-biggest-legal-mistakes-physicians-make-dealing-suspected-child-abuse-suspected-sexual-abuse/

[98] Adult Manifestations of Childhood Sexual Abuse: https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2011/08/adult-manifestations-of-childhood-sexual-abuse

Citation

[7]https://www.mondaq.com/india/new-technology/712308/can-artificial-intelligence-be-given-legal-rights-and-duties (last visited on 25/8/23)

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation 2