INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

INTROSPECTING THE ADEQUACY OF PENALTY FOR CRUELTY TO ANIMAL- THE LEGAL VOID BY - DR. MERCY K KHAUTE

Authors : DR. MERCY K KHAUTE

Registration ID : 105928 Published Paper ID: IJLRA5928

Year : Aug -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : mercykhaute1508@gmail.com

Page No : 20 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/08.2023-78937156/INTROSPECTING THE ADEQUACY

NIRBHAYA CASE ANALYSIS BY – AYUSH DAS

Authors : AYUSH DAS

Registration ID : 105927 Published Paper ID: IJLRA5927

Year : Aug -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : ayushdasayuhsdas98@gmail.com

Page No : 11 | No of times Downloads: 0065

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HARASSMENT THROUGH UNWANTED PHONE CALLS. BY - SAMSON RAVI KUMAR

Authors : SAMSON RAVI KUMAR

Registration ID : 105926 Published Paper ID: IJLRA5926

Year : Aug -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : mrsam6633@gmail.com

Page No : 8 | No of times Downloads: 0065

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CHALLENGES IN THE CURRENT INDIAN TAX REGIME BY - KALYANI ROY & VIJAYA GUPTA

Authors : KALYANI ROY & VIJAYA GUPTA

Registration ID : 105924 Published Paper ID: IJLRA5924 & IJLRA5925

Year : Aug -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : kally.roy2507@gmai.com & vijuggupta2000@gmail.com

Page No : 13 | No of times Downloads: 0065

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GLOBAL CRYPTO REGULATIONS AND INDIAN TAXATION A HOLISTIC ANALYSIS OF POLICIES AND PRACTICES. BY - BHAGAVATH P

Authors : BHAGAVATH P

Registration ID : 105923 Published Paper ID: IJLRA5923

Year : Aug -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : bhagavath8040@gmail.com

Page No : 26 | No of times Downloads: 0065

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REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN THE LEGAL PROFESSION IN INDIA DO THEY NEED EMPOWERMENT? BY - SHREYASH GUPTA

Authors : SHREYASH GUPTA

Registration ID : 105922 Published Paper ID: IJLRA5922

Year : Aug -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : anitagupta840.ag@gmail.com

Page No : 11 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/08.2023-23441984/REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN

RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW: “AN OVERVIEW” BY: SAHANA FLORENCE P

Authors : SAHANA FLORENCE P

Registration ID : 105921 Published Paper ID: IJLRA5921

Year : Aug -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : ritisingh06.rs@gmail.com & advocatessgaharwar@gmail.com

Page No : 18 | No of times Downloads: 0065

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KEEPING PACE WITH THE TECHNOLOGY-ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE AND CRIMINAL LAW, WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON COMMERCIAL (FINANCIAL) OFFENCES IN INDIA BY - MS. RITI SINGH & MR. SHUBHAM SINGH

Authors : MS. RITI SINGH & MR. SHUBHAM SINGH

Registration ID : 105919 Published Paper ID: IJLRA5919 & IJLRA5920

Year : Aug -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : ritisingh06.rs@gmail.com & advocatessgaharwar@gmail.com

Page No : 27 | No of times Downloads: 0065

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND PATENT LAW BY: KHUSHBOO KUMARI SINGH

Authors : KHUSHBOO KUMARI SINGH

Registration ID : 105918 Published Paper ID: IJLRA5918

Year : Aug -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : khushboosingh.iitkgp@gmail.com

Page No : 25 | No of times Downloads: 0064

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“HEYDON’S CASE AND BEYOND: TRACING THE EVOLUTION OF THE MISCHIEF RULE OF INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES” BY - ANVIN ASHISH ROY

Authors : ANVIN ASHISH ROY

Registration ID : 105917 Published Paper ID: IJLRA5917

Year : Aug -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : anvinashishroy@gmail.com

Page No : 16 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link :

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

Accessibility:Open Access

License:Creative Commons 4.0

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All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

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^{^[8]} Shyam Balasubramanian, “Dog thrown from Chennai rooftop found alive”, The Times of India,, July 6, 2016 available at https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/dog-thrown-from-chennai-rooftop-found-alive/articleshow/53068399.cms(last modified on May 11, 2023).

^{^[10]} Srinivasa Rao, “Hyderabad: 8 youngsters detained for burning puppies alive”, Hindustan Times, July 21, 2016 avaliable at https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/hyderabad-8-teenagers-detained-for-burning-three-puppies-alive/story-2RrfOa8EPZjZhZ79F7QVSN.html#:~:text=Eight %20boys%20were%20held%20on,were%20believed%20have%20told%20police (Last modified on May 11, 2023).

^{^[12]} Humane Society International, “Parliamentarians, Indian Celebrities say #NoMore50 to Demand Stronger Penalties for Animal Cruelty”, May 12, 2016, available at http://www.hsi.org/world/india/news/releases/2016/05/nomore50-campaign-launch-increase-animal-cruelty-penalties-051216.html (Last modified on May 11. 2023).

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^{^[14]} Angel Trust v. Union of India, Civil Petition (SC) of 2016 (Unreported), available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzXilfcxe7yuS2xSR24zTmhhT1U/view (Last modified on May 11, 2023).

^{^[15]} M.A. Rashid, “SC issues Notice on PIL seeking stricter penalty in cases of Animal Cruelty”, LiveLaw, May 12, 2016, available at http://www.livelaw.in/sc-issues-notice-pil-seeking-stricter-penalty-cases-animal-cruelty/ (Last updated on November 7, 2016);

^{^[17]} Andrew von Hirsch, “Proportionality in the Philosophy of Punishment: From “Why Punish?” to “How Much?’’, 1 Criminal Law Forum 259, 262 (1990).

^{^[19]} Ajoy P.B., “Administrative Action and Doctrine of Proportionality in India”, 1(6) Journal of Humanities and Social Science 16 (2012).

^{^[20]}.I.P.Massey, Administrative Law, 367 (Eastern Law Book Company, Lucknow, 8^th ed., 2012).

^{^[22]} Joel Goh, “Proportionality: An Unattainable Ideal in the Criminal Justice System”, 2(41) Manchester Law Review 41, 48 (2013).

^{^[24]} Michael Cavadino, James Dignan, et. al., The Penal System: An Introduction (SAGE Publications Ltd; 6th edition, 2 December 2019).

^{^[25]} Richard S Frase, “Excessive Prison Sentences, Punishment Goals, and the Eighth Amendment: “Proportionality” Relative to What?”, 89 Minnesota Law Review 571, 592 (2004).

^{^[27]} The Constitution of India, 1950, Forty-Second Amendment, Article 48A.

^{^[28]} The Constitution of India, 1950, Forty-Second Amendment, Article 51A(g).

^[38] Maneka Gandhi v. Union of Territory, 1984 SCC OnLine Del 67, para89.

^{^[39]} Peter North, Civil Liability for Animals 3 ( OUP Oxford, 1^st ed., 2012).

^{^[40]} Filburn v People's Palace and Aquarium Co. Ltd (1890) 25 QBD 258.

^[41] Abigail Saunders, “The Animals Act 1971 places a disproportionate burden on the keeper of animals and is in need of reform” , 1 Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review 199 (2016);

^{^[42]} Renzo Llorente, “The Moral Framework of Peter Singer’s Animal Liberation: An alternative to utilitarianism,” 16(1) Ethical Perspective 61 (2009).

^{^[47]} Timothy Schnacke, Michael R. Jones, et al, The History of Bail and Pretrial Release, (PJI, Pretrial Justice Institute, 2010).

^{^[48]} June Carbone, “Seeing Through the Emperor’s New Clothes: Rediscovery of Basic Principles in the Administration of Bail”, 34Syracuse Law Review 517 (1983).

^{^[52]} Smt. Amrutha Shankeraiah v State of A.P through Public Prosecutor, 2010 SCC OnLine AP 365; Keshub Mahindra v State of M.P., (1996) 6 SCC 19.

^{^[56]} The Indian Penal Code, 1860, section 325.

^{^[57]} Rudul Shah v State of Bihar, (1983) 4 SCC 141; Cherian vUnion of India, (1992) 1 SCC 397.

^{^[62]}Neha Khan, “Delhi govt forms Animal Welfare Board”,Siasat.com/News/Delhi, April 26, 2023 available at https://www.siasat.com/delhi-govt-forms-animal-welfare-board-2576705/ (Last modified on May 11, 2023).

^{^[63]} Mandate of Animal Welfare Board is to prevent cruelty, suffering and pain to all creatures, Press Information Bureau Government of India, June 14, 2018 available at https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179970 (Last modified on May 11, 2023).

^{^[64]} Animal Welfare Board of India issues advisories with regard to stray dogs and pet dogs, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, December 7, 2022, available at https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1881462&RegID=3&LID=1 (last modified on May 11, 2023).

[1] Also known as the ‘Delhi Rape Case’, the name Nirvana means ‘fearless’ in Hindi as was used by the press as a pseudonym for keeping the victim’s identity as anonymous while se was attributed different epithets by the media houses like. Jyoti (flame) , Jagruti (awareness) , Amanat (treasure), Damini (lightening after 1993Bollywood film)

[2] Annie Banerji, ‘’ Public fury over New Delhi gang rape sparks protest across India, ‘’Reuters(New Delhi, India), December 21 , 2012 https://www.routers.com/article/us. India -protest/ public- fury-over- new-delhi-gang-rape-sparks-protest-across-india-id.

[3] Heather Timmons and Sruthi Gottipati , ‘ Indian Women March:’‘That Girl Could Have Been Any One Of Us,’ The New York Times ( New Delhi, India), Dec.30.2012https//www.nytimes.com /2012/12/31/world/asia/rape-incites-women-to- fight

[4] Pandey Devesh k; Sikdar, Shubhomoy (11th Merch 2013)’ Delhi Gangrape case accused commit suicide’ “ The Hindu. Chennai India . Archived [ from the original on 13 March 2013. Retrieved 11 March 2013.

[5] Goswami, Dev. “ Justice for Nirvana : 4 men convicted for gang-rape, hanged 7 years after brutal crime”[ India Today.]

[6] (In English) “ First track court awards death sentences to convicts of Delhi Rape Case” [ Archived 21 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Ramalingam. Va, le Journal International 14 September 2013.

^{^[2]} (ii).Harassment of women over phone, The Hindu (Updated on January, 2017)

^{^[3]} (iii).“Stalker alert: 1 in 3 women who use mobiles in India face harassment, receive inappropriate calls”, The Economic Times [Last Updated: March 25, 2019]

^{^[4]} .Criminal Harassment, The Canadian Resource Centre for Victims of Crime. [which is Available at https://www.crcvc.ca/docs/crimharass.pdf]

[1] Jalkal Vibhag Nagar Nigam v. Pradeshiya Industrial and Investment Corporation, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 960.

[2] Aashika Jain, Taxation in India: Direct Taxes You Need To Know About, Forbes Advisor, (Dec 18, 2020, 7:17 AM), available at https://www.forbes.com/advisor/in/tax/direct-taxes-you-need-to-know-about/ , (last visited on May 7, 2022).

[3] 8 Major Defects in the Tax Structure of India, Economics Discussion, available at https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/taxes/defects/8-major-defects-in-the-tax-structure-of-india/12917, (last visited on May 7, 2022).

[4] Vaisakhi Muddana, What are the Problems in Tax Structure and Administration In India, iPleaders Blog, (December 30, 2016), available at https://blog.ipleaders.in/problems-in-tax-structure-and-administration-india/, (last visited on May 7, 2022).

[5] Shruti Rajagopalan, Rethinking India’s Tax System, Livemint, (Dec 26, 2017, 04:58 AM), available at https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/z2DURCdrbtLjCPnutKs3gJ/Rethinking-Indias-tax-system.html, (last visited on May 7, 2022).

[8] ET Bureau, Complex Tax System Big Reason for Indian Startups’ Exodus, The Economic Times, (Dec 13, 2021, 05:49 PM), available at https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/complex-tax-system-big-reason-for-indian-startups-exodus-report/articleshow/88246259.cms?from=mdr, (last visited on May 7, 2022).

[9] Shantanu Nandan and Suman Layak, ET Bureau, GST: The Challenges Before India’s Largest Indirect Tax Reform, (Sep 29, 2019, 11:18 AM) available at https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/gst-the-challenges-before-indias-largest-indirect-tax-reform/articleshow/71353710.cms?from=mdr, (last visited on May 7, 2022).

[10] Pravas Rajan Mishra, GST has increased India’s Reliance on Indirect Taxes, Hurting The Poor, (Jul 14, 2021), available at https://thewire.in/economy/gst-india-indirected-taxes-inequality , (last visited on May 7, 2022).

[11] Christophe Jaffrelot, Ustav Shah, Centre’s reliance on Indirect Tax Revenue, Pro-rich policy, Has Deprived Govt Resources During COVID Crisis, The Indian Express, (August 11, 2020, 11:56 AM) available at https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-taxation-policy-fiscal-deficit-covid-impact-on-economy-indirect-tax-revenue-6549290/, (last visited on May 7, 2022).

[10] Income Tax (Amended) Act, 2022 – SE 2 (47A) (a) – No. 24 Acts of Parliament, 2022(India)

[11] Income Tax (Amended) Act, 2022– SE 115BH (a) - No. 24 Acts of Parliament, 2022(India)

[12] Income Tax (Amended) Act, 2022– SE 115BBH (2) - No. 24 Acts of Parliament, 2022(India)

[1] Status of Women in India" by Shobana Nelasco, p.11

[3] Anjali Chandal(2015) Women empowerment and constitutional Provisions, legal service India, e- journal

[4] Times of India- By Mita Kapur, Founder, curator and producer of Woman Up! Summit

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^{^[2]} Aman Gupta “Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples” Volume 1 (Protecting the Rights of Indigenous Peoples), 2005 Ed.[ ISHA Books Publications, New Delhi.].

^{^[5]} James Anaya S. “Indigenous Peoples in International Law”, 08 [3^rd Ed. [Oxford University Press, New York] 2004.

[7] Sylvanus Barnabas & Sylvanus Barnabas, The Role of International Law in Protecting Land Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Nigeria and Kenya: A Comparative Perspective, Indig. Aborig. Fugitive Ethn. Groups Around Globe (2019), https://www.intechopen.com/state.item.id (last visited Nov 4, 2022).

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[10] Joshua Castellino and Nimah & Walsh, International Law and Indigenous Peoples (2021).

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[15] Federico Lenzerini, Implementation of the UNDRIP around the world: achievements and future perspectives. The outcome of the work of the ILA Committee on the Implementation of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 23 Int. J. Hum. Rights 51–62 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2019.1568993.

[18] UNDG, Guidelines on Indigenous Peoples Issues (2009).

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^{^[23]} Elvira Pulitano “Indigenous Rights in the Age of the UN Declaration” [1^st Ed. Cambridge University Press, New York] 2012

[31] Dejo Olowu, International Journal of African Renaissance Studies-Multi-, Inter-and Transdisciplinarity The role of African universities in the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples: A development agenda (2016), https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rars20 (last visited Nov 3, 2022).

^{^[33]} Gurdip Singh and Ahuja V.K. “Human Rights in 21^st Century Changing Dimension” 2012 Ed. Universal Law Publishing Co. New Delhi.

^{^[36]} Lisa Ford and Tim Rowse “Between Indigenous and Settler Governance”, 1^st Ed. A Glass House Publications, Canada, 2013.

^{^[42]} Implementing the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples- http://archive.ipu.org/pdf/publications/indigenous-en.pdf

[1] https://www.ibef.org/industry/information-technology-india.aspx

[2] https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/budget-2018-niti-aayog-to-establish-national-programme-on-artificial-intelligence/articleshow/62738713.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

[3] http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=170231

[4] https://www.ibef.org/industry/information-technology-india.aspx

[5] https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/budget-2018-niti-aayog-to-establish-national-programme-on-artificial-intelligence/articleshow/62738713.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

[6] http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=170231

[8]Ajit Narayanan, Mervyn Bennun , Law, Computer Science, and Artificial Intelligence (1991)

[9] Gabriel Hallevy , When Robots Kill: Artificial Intelligence Under Criminal Law (2013).

[10] ISSAC ASIMVOC, “RUNAROUND” in I, ROBOT (LONDON: HARPER VOYAGER, 2013).

[11] John Frank Weaver, Robots Are People Too: How Siri, Google Car, and Artificial Intelligence Will Force Us to Change Our Laws (2013).

[12] https://www.lexisnexis.com/infopro/keeping-current/b/weblog/archive/2017/06/14/lexisnexis-acquires-ravel-law.aspx

[13]Kevin D. Ashley , Artificial Intelligence and Legal Analytics. (2017).

[14]Pavan Duggal , Artificial Intelligence Law ( Independently Published)( 21-Sep-2017)

[15]JOHN BUYERS , ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - THE PRACTICAL LEGAL ISSUES BY(LAW BRIEF PUBLISHING)(2018).

[16] Jacob Turner , Robot Rules: Regulating Artificial Intelligence. (2018).

[17]Woodrow Barfield, Ugo Pagallo , Research Handbook on the Law of Artificial Intelligence (2018).

[18]Russell Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd ed.).( Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.) (2009), ( ISBN 978-0-13-604259-4.)

[19] Kaplan Andreas; Michael Haenlein , Siri, Siri in my Hand, who's the Fairest in the Land? On the Interpretations, Illustrations and Implications of Artificial Intelligence( Business Horizons) (2018)

[20] ARCHBOLD, J. F. CRIMINAL PLEADING, EVIDENCE AND. LONDON: SWEET & MAXWELL LTD. (2018).

[21] MARTINEZ-MIRANDA, E., MCBUCNEY, P., & HOWARD, M. J: LEARNING AND UNFARE TRADING (2016).

[22] MARTINEZ-MIRANDA, E., MCBUCNEY, P., & HOWARD, M. J: LEARNING AND UNFARE TRADING (2016).

[23] Jacob Turner LEGAL PERSONALITY FOR AI (2018).

[24] USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO ADDRESS CRIMINAL JUSTICE NEEDS (NIJ JOURNAL 280).

[1] JOHN WILLIAM SALMOND KC, JURISPRUDENCE 152 (11^th ed. 1957).

[2] JOHN CHIPMAN GRAY, THE NATURE AND SOURCES OF LAW 176 (2^nd ed. 1921).

[3] RUPERT CROSS, JOHN BELL, GEORGE ENGLE, CROSS: STATUTORY INTERPRETATION 34 (3^rded. 1995).

[4] Seaford Court Estates Ltd. v. Asher, (1949) 2 KB 481.

[6]Suppression of Religious Houses Act, 1535, Acts of Parliament.

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

INTROSPECTING THE ADEQUACY OF PENALTY FOR CRUELTY TO ANIMAL- THE LEGAL VOID BY - DR. MERCY K KHAUTE

NIRBHAYA CASE ANALYSIS BY – AYUSH DAS

HARASSMENT THROUGH UNWANTED PHONE CALLS. BY - SAMSON RAVI KUMAR

CHALLENGES IN THE CURRENT INDIAN TAX REGIME BY - KALYANI ROY & VIJAYA GUPTA

GLOBAL CRYPTO REGULATIONS AND INDIAN TAXATION A HOLISTIC ANALYSIS OF POLICIES AND PRACTICES. BY - BHAGAVATH P

REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN THE LEGAL PROFESSION IN INDIA DO THEY NEED EMPOWERMENT? BY - SHREYASH GUPTA

RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW: “AN OVERVIEW” BY: SAHANA FLORENCE P

KEEPING PACE WITH THE TECHNOLOGY-ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE AND CRIMINAL LAW, WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON COMMERCIAL (FINANCIAL) OFFENCES IN INDIA BY - MS. RITI SINGH & MR. SHUBHAM SINGH

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND PATENT LAW BY: KHUSHBOO KUMARI SINGH

“HEYDON’S CASE AND BEYOND: TRACING THE EVOLUTION OF THE MISCHIEF RULE OF INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES” BY - ANVIN ASHISH ROY

LAW JOURNAL

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