THE IMPACT OF "ONE NATION, ONE ELECTION" ON POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY AND VOTER ENGAGEMENT IN INDIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BY - PRIYANSHI MANYURA

Authors: PRIYANSHI MANYURA

Registration ID: 109260 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9260

Year: Mar-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: priyanshimanyura@gmail.com

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DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2025-58198158/THE IMPACT OF "ONE NATION, ONE ELECTION" ON POLITI

ANALYZING INTRICACIES OF THE NORTH SEA CONTINENTAL SHELF CASE BY - K. SOHANA SRIYA VARMA & ANANYA CHAKILAM

Authors: K. SOHANA SRIYA VARMA & ANANYA CHAKILAM

Registration ID: 109258 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9258 & IJLRA9259

Year: Mar-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: sohanakosuri@gmail.com

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DOI Link: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2025-47981495/ANALYZING INTRICACIES OF THE NORTH SEA CONTINENTAL

AIR POLLUTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH: A SOCIO- LEGAL PERSPECTIVE BY - RAJEEV RAJ & DR. POONAM KUMARI

Authors: RAJEEV RAJ & DR. POONAM KUMARI

Registration ID: 109257 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9256 & IJLRA9257

Year: Mar-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: rajeevraj@cusb.ac.in & poonamkumari@cub.ac.in

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DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2025-86734336/AIR POLLUTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH: A SOCIO- LEGAL PE

GLOBAL INVESTMENT LAW: A HIGHLY CONTESTED SYSTEM BY - POOVARASAN R

Authors: POOVARASAN R

Registration ID: 109255 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9255

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: poovarasanramasamy165@gmail.com

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DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2025-92146894/GLOBAL INVESTMENT LAW: A HIGHLY CONTESTED SYSTEM

THE IMPACT OF RACISM ON HEALTH DISPARITIES. BY - PRAPTI JALPAN SHAH

Authors: PRAPTI JALPAN SHAH

Registration ID: 109254 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9254

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: Shahprapti283@gmail.com

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DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2025-48188223/THE IMPACT OF RACISM ON HEALTH DISPARITIES

PROTECTING THE PROTECTORS: AN ANALYSIS OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS VIS-A-VIS THE INDIAN ARMED FORCES UNDER ARTICLE 33 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA BY - ARCHANA NAIR

Authors: ARCHANA NAIR

Registration ID: 109253 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9253

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: archana.nair@law.christuniversity.in

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DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2025-91393814/PROTECTING THE PROTECTORS: AN ANALYSIS OF FUNDAMEN

POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN INDIA: EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF RESERVATION POLICIES BY - RANVIJAY SINGH & DR. RAJEEV VERMA

Authors: RANVIJAY SINGH & DR. RAJEEV VERMA

Registration ID: 109251 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9251 & IJLRA9252

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: ranvijaysingh7210@gmail.com & rajeevaimhigh@gmail.com

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DOI Link: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/05.2025-89795193/POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN INDIA: EVALUATIN

REMOVAL OF GENDERED LENS IS A HUMAN RIGHT BY: ISHITA SEHRAWAT

Authors: ISHITA SEHRAWAT

Registration ID: 109250 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9250

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: ishitasehrawat1212@gmail.com

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SHADOWED LIVES: UNVEILING HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN INDIA BY - KHUSHI SEHRAWAT

Authors: KHUSHI SEHRAWAT

Registration ID: 109249 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9249

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: khushisehrawat713@gmail.com

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DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2025-88874724/SHADOWED LIVES: UNVEILING HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN IND

EVOLVING CYBERSECURITY AND DATA PROTECTION FRAMEWORKS: GLOBAL REGULATIONS AND INDIAS LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS BY - PAWNI MISHRA

Authors: PAWNI MISHRA

Registration ID: 109248 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9248

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: pawni.mishra@law.christuniversity.in

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DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2025-29448662/EVOLVING CYBERSECURITY AND DATA PROTECTION FRAMEWO

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[1] The concept of "One Nation, One Election" (ONOE) aims to synchronize elections across India to enhance governance efficiency and reduce electoral costs. This proposal has been widely discussed in political forums and is analyzed in various studies, including Kumar, A. (2021). “The Viability of One Nation, One Election: A Comparative Study.” Journal of South Asian Studies.

[2] The impact of ONOE on federalism raises concerns about the potential marginalization of regional parties and local issues in favor of national narratives Raghavan, S. (2022). “One Nation, One Election: Implications for Indian Democracy.” International Journal of Law and Politics discusses these implications in detail.

[3] Recent Developments

The Union Cabinet approved the One Nation, One Election (ONOE) proposal in September 2024, following recommendations from a high-level committee headed by former President Ram Nath Kovind. The committee's report outlines the potential benefits and challenges of implementing ONOE. For further details, see the Lok Sabha Secretariat (2024). Report on One Nation, One Election.

The financial implications of staggered elections have been significant, with estimates suggesting that conducting elections in India costs approximately Rs 60,000 crore. This figure highlights the need for electoral reforms aimed at reducing costs. See Election Commission of India (2019). Expenditure Management in Elections: A Comprehensive Review.

[4] Implementation Timeline

If implemented by 2029, ONOE would significantly affect the terms of state assemblies, with many states facing truncated terms. This transition poses challenges for maintaining democratic principles at the state level. For insights into these implications, see Kumar, A. (2021). “The Viability of One Nation, One Election: A Comparative Study.” Journal of South Asian Studies.

The implementation of ONOE requires constitutional amendments to several articles related to elections and governance in India. For more information on these amendments, refer to the Law Commission of India (2018). One Nation, One Election: Draft Report.

[5] The comparison of electoral accountability in Germany, Sweden, and South Africa reveals diverse impacts of synchronized elections. Germany's federal system allows for separate elections for the Bundestag and state legislatures, enhancing local accountability (Lok Sabha Secretariat, 2020). Sweden conducts simultaneous elections every four years, which can overshadow local issues despite promoting transparency (Raghavan, 2022). In South Africa, concurrent elections for the National Assembly and provincial legislatures raise concerns about the accountability of provincial governments (Iyer, 2020). These cases illustrate that while synchronized elections may improve governance stability, they can also diminish local representation.

[6] The implementation of "One Nation, One Election" (ONOE) is projected to save approximately ?20,000 crore annually by reducing the frequency of elections and associated administrative costs. This financial efficiency could significantly alleviate the burden on government resources and political parties. See Lok Sabha Secretariat (2024). Report on One Nation, One Election.

[7] Comparative studies on election costs reveal significant variations among countries with simultaneous elections. While precise data for all countries is not uniformly available, estimates suggest that India's election expenses are considerably higher due to its large scale. The 2019 Indian general elections cost approximately ?55,000 crore ($7.2 billion), whereas South Africa's 2019 elections cost about $180 million. Sweden and Germany, with their smaller populations, have relatively lower costs. Australia, despite compulsory voting, spends less per capita on elections compared to India. These differences highlight the unique challenges and scale of Indian elections. For detailed analysis, see Lok Sabha Secretariat (2020), "Report on Simultaneous Elections" and International IDEA's "Cost of Registration and Elections" (CORE) Project

[1] Preamble to the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea (no date) United Nations. Available at: https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part6.htm.

[2]International Court of Justice (ICJ), Analysis of North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (Federal Republic of Germany v. Denmark; Federal Republic of Germany v. Netherlands), -, 20 February 1969, https://www.refworld.org/jurisprudence/caselawcomp/icj/1969/en/15093.

[3] Hoagland, P. (2019) Territorial sea, Territorial Sea - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/territorial-sea.

[4] 1958) Convention on the Continental Shelf, 1958. Available at: https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/8_1_1958_continental_shelf.pdf.

[5] Gunaratne, D.R. (2020) North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (summary), Public International law. Available at: https://ruwanthikagunaratne.wordpress.com/2014/02/28/north-sea-continental-shelf-cases-summary/.

[6] (1969) ICJ Rep 3, pp. 1.

[7] Conventions on the Continental Shelf, art.6, 1958.

^{^[8]} MALCOLM SHAW, INTERNATIONAL LAW, 584 (6th ed. 2008).

^{^[9]} Truman Proclamation, 10 Fed. Reg. 12,305 (1945).

^{^[10]} Supra note.

^{^[11]} Truman Proclamation, 10 Fed. Reg. 12,305 (1945).

^{^[12]} Id.

^{^[13]} Cambodia v. Thailand, Merits, 1962 I.C.J. Reports.

^[14] France v/s Turkey, 1927 P.C.I.J. (ser. A) No. 10 (Sept. 7)

^{^[15]} I.C.J. 1969 I.C.J. 3.

^{^[16]} Friedmann, Wolfgang. “The North Sea Continental Shelf Cases--A Critique.” The American Journal of International Law64, no. 2 (1970): 229–40. https://doi.org/10.2307/2198663.

^{^[17]} Colombia v Peru [1950] ICJ 6.

^{^[18]} Id.

^{^[19]} Qatar v. Bahrain, ICJ Reports, 2001.

^{^[20]} Award of 11 April 2006, pp. 230.

[21]Dhanapal, Kiruthika. Equidistance and equitable principle under the law of the sea. https://www.legalservicesindia.com/article/1686/Equidistance-and-Equitable-Principle-under-the-law-of the-Sea.html#google_vignette.

[22] Qatar v Bahrain, [1994] ICJ Rep 112.

[23] Libya v. Malta, [1985] ICJ Rep 13.

[24] Cameroon v Nigeria, [1998] ICJ Rep 275.

[25] Conventions on the Continental Shelf, art.6, 1958.

[26] Nicaragua v. United States, ICJ GL No 70, [1984] ICJ Rep 392.

[27] Ukraine v. Romania, ICJ GL No. 132.

[1] Research Scholar, School of Law and Governance, Central University of South Bihar. Email- rajeevraj@cusb.ac.in

[2] Assistant Professor, School of Law and Governance, Central University of South Bihar. Email- poonamkumari@cub.ac.in

[3] Mary Abed Al Ahad et al., The Effect of Air-Pollution and Weather Exposure on Mortality and Hospital Admission and Implications for Further Research: A Systematic Scoping Review, 15 PLOS ONE e0241415 (2020).

[4] When Pollution Meant Punishment, https://www.downtoearth.org.in/indepth/when-pollution-meant-punishment-19737 (last visited Jun 9, 2024).

[5] Air pollution, https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution (last visited Jun 9, 2024).

[6] Jennifer R. Marlon et al., How Hope and Doubt Affect Climate Change Mobilization, 4 Front. Commun. (2019), https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomm.2019.00020 (last visited Jun 9, 2024).

[7] Ikenna C. Eze et al., Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Diabetes in a Population-Based Swiss Cohort, 70 Environment International 95 (2014).

[8] Business Standard, Delhi Air Pollution: 19 Flights Cancelled, over 550 Delayed and 37 Diverted, (2019), https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/delhi-pollution-37-flights-diverted-100-delayed-and-19-cancelled-119110300695_1.html (last visited Jun 10, 2024).

[9] Madhuchhanda Banerjee et al., Cooking with Biomass Increases the Risk of Depression in Pre-Menopausal Women in India, 75 Social Science & Medicine 565 (2012).

[10] L. K. Fonken et al., Air Pollution Impairs Cognition, Provokes Depressive-like Behaviors and Alters Hippocampal Cytokine Expression and Morphology, 16 Mol Psychiatry 987 (2011).

[11] Martin J. O’Donnell et al., Fine Particulate Air Pollution (PM2.5) and the Risk of Acute Ischemic Stroke, 22 Epidemiology 422 (2011).

[12] David A. Davis et al., Prenatal Exposure to Urban Air Nanoparticles in Mice Causes Altered Neuronal Differentiation and Depression-Like Responses, 8 PLOS ONE e64128 (2013).

[13] Lucio G. Costa et al., Neurotoxicity of Traffic-Related Air Pollution, 59 NeuroToxicology 133 (2017).

[14] Radim J. Sram et al., The Impact of Air Pollution to Central Nervous System in Children and Adults, 38 Neuro Endocrinol Lett 389 (2017).

[15] Particulate matter air pollutants and cardiovascular disease: Strategies for intervention - ScienceDirect, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0163725821000929?via%3Dihub (last visited Jun 11, 2024).

[16] Tim S. Nawrot et al., Public Health Importance of Triggers of Myocardial Infarction: A Comparative Risk Assessment, 377 Lancet 732 (2011).

[17] Wuxiang Xie et al., Relationship between Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Ischaemic Heart Disease Morbidity and Mortality, 101 Heart 257 (2015).

[18] Alexis M. Stoner, Sarah E. Anderson & Timothy J. Buckley, Ambient Air Toxics and Asthma Prevalence among a Representative Sample of US Kindergarten-Age Children, 8 PLOS ONE e75176 (2013).

[19] Leticia Hernández-Cadena et al., Increased Levels of Outdoor Air Pollutants Are Associated With Reduced Bronchodilation in Children With Asthma, 136 Chest 1529 (2009).

[20] Guangqiao Zeng, Baoqing Sun & Nanshan Zhong, Non-Smoking-Related Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Neglected Entity?, 17 Respirology 908 (2012).

[21] Paolo Vineis et al., Air Pollution and Risk of Lung Cancer in a Prospective Study in Europe, 119 International Journal of Cancer 169 (2006).

[22] Improving soil fertility, (2016), https://www.iaea.org/topics/improving-soil-fertility (last visited Jun 11, 2024).

[23] Hui Wei et al., Effects of Simulated Acid Rain on Soil Fauna Community Composition and Their Ecological Niches, 220 Environmental Pollution 460 (2017).

[24] Ozone layer and ultra-violet radiation | Copernicus, https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/ozone-layer-and-ultra-violet-radiation (last visited Jun 12, 2024).

[25] Medical aspects of global warming - Yoganathan - 2001 - American Journal of Industrial Medicine - Wiley Online Library, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajim.1088 (last visited Jun 12, 2024).

[26] Micha? Baciak, Kazimierz Warminski, & Agnieszka Bes, Oddzia?ywanie Wybranych Gazowych Zanieczyszcze? Powietrza Na Ro?liny drzewiasteThe Effect of Selected Gaseous Air Pollutants on Woody Plants, https://www.ibles.pl/web/lesne-prace-badawcze/-/doi-10-1515-frp-2015-0039 (last visited Jun 12, 2024).

[27] Paraskevi Karka, Stavros Papadokonstantakis & Antonis Kokossis, Environmental Impact Assessment of Biomass Process Chains at Early Design Stages Using Decision Trees, 24 Int J Life Cycle Assess 1675 (2019).

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[1]Article 33- Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc. Parliament may, by law, determine to what extent any of the rights conferred by this Part shall, in their application to,(a) the members of the Armed Forces; or (b)the members of the Forces charged with the maintenance of public order; or (c)persons employed in any bureau or other organisation established by the State for purposes of intelligence or counter intelligence; or (d)persons employed in, or in connection with, the telecommunication systems set up for the purposes of any Force, bureau or organisation referred to in clauses (a) to (c), be restricted or abrogated so as to ensure the proper discharge of their duties and the maintenance of discipline among them.

[2] M.P. Jain, Indian Constitutional Law, 8^th Edn., Lexis Nexis

[3] Dalbir Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1962 SC 1106

[5]Constitutional Assembly Debates-https://eparlib.nic.in/ bitstream/123456789/762996/1/ cad_04-11-1948.pdf- Parliament Digital Library

[8] Delhi Police Non-Gazetted Karmchari Sangh v. UOI AIR 1987 SC 379

[11] M H Devendrappa vs Karnataka Small Industries Development Corporation, AIR 1998 SC 1064

[12] P Balakotiah v Union of India, AIR 1958 SC 232

[14] FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF INDIAN MILITARY PERSONNEL Author(s): A.K. Keshot Source: Journal of the Indian Law Institute, JANUARY-MARCH 2009, Vol. 51, No. 1 (JANUARY-MARCH 2009), pp. 67-78 Published by: Indian Law Institute

[1] Margorie Agosin, Women, gender and human rights

[2] Felice Gaer, “Mainstreaming a Concern for the Human Rights of Women: Beyond Theory” Women, Gender and Human Rights (2001).

[3] E.V Ramasamy, Why Were Women Enslaved (The Periyar Self-Respect Propaganda Institution, 4th edn., 1933).

[5] Steinzor, Nadia. “Women’s Property and Inheritance Rights: Improving Lives in a Changing Time,”2003

[6] Anita Raj, Students and Bride, Article no.19 (2019)

[9] The Hindu Women's Rights to Property Act, 1937 Act 18 of 1937

[10] The Dowry Prohibition act, 1961 ACT NO. 28 OF 1961

[2] Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956. Act 104 of 1956.

[3] The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012. Act no. 32 of 2012.

[7] Toman Omar Mahmoud and Christoph Trebesch, The Economic Drivers of Human Trafficking, 2005.

[11] Kevin Bales, Disposable People: New Slavery In The Global Economy (2012).

[1] Tanmay Vashishta, Cybersecurity and Legal Ramifications: An Important Concern in

India, 2 INDIAN J. INTEGRATED RSCH. L. 1 (November-December 2022).

[2] Badadare, Vidya & Patil, Rajashree & Waghmare, Dr. Vishal. (2018). Cyber Security Need of Digital Era: A Review. International Journal of Computer Applications. Volume 182 – No. 22. 9-12.

[5] The Information Technology Amendment Act, 2008

[6] Prachi Chaudhary, Cyber Security Threat and Its Laws in India, 2 LAW ESSENTIALS J. 68

(2021).

[11] S. Ashwath, Importance of Data Protection, 1 JUS CORPUS L.J. 176 (June-August 2021).

[14] Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) according to Drone Rules, 2021

[15] Rishi Nandhan R. B., Need for Data Protection Laws in India, 2 JUS CORPUS L.J. 72

(August 2021).

[17] Californian consumer protection and privacy, 2018

[18] The California Privacy Protections Act (CPRA), 2020

[19] The Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA), 2000

[20] Rishi Nandhan R. B., Need for Data Protection Laws in India, 2 JUS CORPUS L.J. 72(August 2021).

[21] The Information Technology (Intermediaries Guidelines) Rules, 2011

[23] Dogra Ziya Siddiqui, Data Privacy Laws in India, 2 JUS CORPUS L.J. 538 (June-August

2022).

[24] Aditya Bashambu & Lavanya Chetwani, Critical Analysis: Digital Personal Data

Protection Bill 2022, 3 JUS CORPUS L.J. 519 (December 2022).

[25] Divyanshi Kaushal, The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022, 3 JUS CORPUS L.J.

747 (December 2022).

[26] Aditya Bashambu & Lavanya Chetwani, Critical Analysis: Digital Personal Data

Protection Bill 2022, 3 JUS CORPUS L.J. 519 (December 2022).

[27] Divyanshi Kaushal, The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022, 3 JUS CORPUS L.J.

747 (December 2022).

[28] Justice K S. Puttaswamy (Retd) v Union of India AIR (2017) SC 4161

[29] Divyanshi Kaushal, The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022, 3 JUS CORPUS L.J.

747 (December 2022).

THE IMPACT OF "ONE NATION, ONE ELECTION" ON POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY AND VOTER ENGAGEMENT IN INDIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BY - PRIYANSHI MANYURA

ANALYZING INTRICACIES OF THE NORTH SEA CONTINENTAL SHELF CASE BY - K. SOHANA SRIYA VARMA & ANANYA CHAKILAM

AIR POLLUTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH: A SOCIO- LEGAL PERSPECTIVE BY - RAJEEV RAJ & DR. POONAM KUMARI

GLOBAL INVESTMENT LAW: A HIGHLY CONTESTED SYSTEM BY - POOVARASAN R

THE IMPACT OF RACISM ON HEALTH DISPARITIES. BY - PRAPTI JALPAN SHAH

PROTECTING THE PROTECTORS: AN ANALYSIS OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS VIS-A-VIS THE INDIAN ARMED FORCES UNDER ARTICLE 33 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA BY - ARCHANA NAIR

POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN INDIA: EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF RESERVATION POLICIES BY - RANVIJAY SINGH & DR. RAJEEV VERMA

REMOVAL OF GENDERED LENS IS A HUMAN RIGHT BY: ISHITA SEHRAWAT

SHADOWED LIVES: UNVEILING HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN INDIA BY - KHUSHI SEHRAWAT

EVOLVING CYBERSECURITY AND DATA PROTECTION FRAMEWORKS: GLOBAL REGULATIONS AND INDIAS LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS BY - PAWNI MISHRA

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^[14] France v/s Turkey, 1927 P.C.I.J. (ser. A) No. 10 (Sept. 7)