INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

INVESTIGATING THE LEGALITY AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF CORPORATE TAX AVOIDANCE STRATEGIES BY - RESHMA. R, ANWIN ANTO, SWATHY SATHYAN & DILSHA.P.D

Authors: RESHMA. R, ANWIN ANTO, SWATHY SATHYAN & DILSHA.P.D

Registration ID: 109192 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9192, IJLRA9193, IJLRA9194 & IJLRA9195

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: thecookbook304@gmail.com, malayalipwoliyada0@gmail.com, pullothi196@gmail.com & chinnuprasanna1996@gmail.com

Page No: 12 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-96419442/INVESTIGATING THE LEGALITY AND ETHICAL IMPLICATION

OF WRITS AND THEIR TRANSMUTATION: A DISQUISITION UPON THE ARCANE PROGENY OF COMMON LAW MANDAMUS BY - AKHIL VJ

Authors: AKHIL VJ

Registration ID: 109191 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9191

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: Akhiljossy@gmail.com

Page No: 07 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-43383299/OF WRITS AND THEIR TRANSMUTATION: A DISQUISITION U

JUDICIAL ACTIVISM IN INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM AND ITS IMPACT ON SEPARATION OF POWERS BY: MANSI PATEL & DIKSHA SHARMA

Authors: MANSI PATEL & DIKSHA SHARMA

Registration ID: 109189 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9189 & IJLRA9190

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: mansi.patel@law.christuniversity.in & diksha.sharma@law.christuniversity.in

Page No: 23 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-68948162/JUDICIAL ACTIVISM IN INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM AND ITS I

RIGHTS IN INDIA: PROGRESS DELAYED, BUT NOT DENIED THE JOURNEY OF TRANSGENDER BY - MR. RAHUL TIWARI, DR. VINEETA AGRAWAL & DR. ANIL MANJHI

Authors: MR. RAHUL TIWARI, DR. VINEETA AGRAWAL & DR. ANIL MANJHI

Registration ID: 109186 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9186, IJLRA9187 & IJLRA9188

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: rahuljitc78@gmail.com, dr.vnineetaagrawal64@gmail.com & dranilmanjhi@gmail.com

Page No: 22 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-93214724/RIGHTS IN INDIA: PROGRESS DELAYED, BUT NOT DENIED

EXAMINING THE USE OF CONCILIATION IN CRIMINAL CASES THROUGH LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK AND JUDICIAL RESPONSE BY - AYUSHI SINGH

Authors: AYUSHI SINGH

Registration ID: 109185 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9185

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: Ayushidhankad@gmail.com

Page No: 35 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-73865848/EXAMINING THE USE OF CONCILIATION IN CRIMINAL CASE

WEDLOCK OR DEADLOCK? FROM VOWS TO VIOLENCE: A GLOBAL LEGAL PARADOX. BY- SAKSHI AMIT SAWANT

Authors: SAKSHI AMIT SAWANT

Registration ID: 109184 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9184

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: sakshisawant1006@gmail.com

Page No: 12 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-61495137/WEDLOCK OR DEADLOCK? FROM VOWS TO VIOLENCE: A GLOB

FROM SHADOWS TO SPOTLIGHT: NEED FOR LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROTECTION OF DOMESTIC WORKERS IN INDIA BY - ABHIRAMI R.ANIL, ASWATHY V.C & LASNA LATHEEF

Authors: ABHIRAMI R.ANIL, ASWATHY V.C & LASNA LATHEEF

Registration ID: 109181 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9181, IJLRA9182 & IJLRA9183

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: abhiramianilnair@gmail.com, aswathyvc2000@gmail.com & lasnalatheef2298@gmail.com

Page No: 14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-74968386/FROM SHADOWS TO SPOTLIGHT: NEED FOR LEGAL FRAMEWOR

THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN THE DIGITAL AGE: CHALLENGES AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN INDIA BY - ADITYA THAKUR

Authors: ADITYA THAKUR

Registration ID: 109180 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9180

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: addiuday@gmail.com

Page No: 09 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-22689661/THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN THE DIGITAL AGE: CHALLENGE

E-CONSUMERISM: A STUDY OF ITS FASCINATIONS AND COMPLEXITIES BY - FATHIMA IBRAHIM

Authors: FATHIMA IBRAHIM

Registration ID: 109179 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9179

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: fathimaibrahim31@gmail.com

Page No: 20 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-96211385/E-CONSUMERISM: A STUDY OF ITS FASCINATIONS AND COM

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS: ASSESSING INDIA’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES BY - ADV.DAYA PREM

Authors: ADV.DAYA PREM

Registration ID: 109178 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9178

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: dayaprem8@gmail.com

Page No: 15 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-82573544/ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS:

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

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IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

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[1] ‘Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019.’ accessed 14 February 2025.

[2] ‘National Legal Ser.Auth vs Union Of India & Ors on 15 April, 2014’ accessed 14 February 2025.

[3] Shamayeta Bhattacharya, Debarchana Ghosh and Bandana Purkayastha, ‘“Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act” of India: An Analysis of Substantive Access to Rights of a Transgender Community’ (2022) 14 Journal of Human Rights Practice 676 accessed 14 February 2025.

[5] Sohail Nazim, ‘Historical Development of Legal Aid System in India: A Legal Perspectives’ (2023) 17 History and Sociology of South Asia 69 accessed 14 February 2025.

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[17] Jami K Taylor, Transgender Rights and Politics: Groups, Issue Framing, and Policy Adoption (University of Michigan Press 2014) accessed 18 February 2025.

[18] ‘Discrimination against Transgender Persons Must No Longer Be Tolerated - Commissioner for Human Rights - Www.Coe.Int’ (Commissioner for Human Rights) accessed 18 February 2025.

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[21] ‘Explainer: The Crucial Fight for Legal Gender Recognition | International IDEA’ accessed 18 February 2025.

[22] Europarat and Europarat (eds), Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Europe (2. ed, Council of Europe Publ 2011).

[26] Sam Winter, ‘Lost in Transition: Transpeople, Transprejudice and Pathology in Asia’ (2009) 13 The International Journal of Human Rights 365 accessed 18 February 2025.

[27] Women and Gender Equality Canada, ‘Celebrating Five Years of Legal Protections for Gender Identity and Gender Expression’ (17 June 2022) accessed 18 February 2025.

[28] ‘National Legal Ser.Auth vs Union Of India & Ors on 15 April, 2014’ (n 2).

[30] Jigyasha Singh, ‘NALSA Judgement: A Legal Recognition of Third Gender’ (2021) 4 Issue 3 International Journal of Law Management & Humanities 5552 .

[31] Aniruddha Dutta, ‘Contradictory Tendencies: The Supreme Court’s NALSA Judgment on Transgender Recognition and Rights’.

[32] ‘The SAGE Handbook of Global Sexualities - Davy, Zowie - Thoreson, Ryan - Bertone, Chiara - Santos, Ana Cristina - SAGE Publications Ltd - Torrossa’ accessed 18 February 2025.

[33] S Waseem Ahmad and M Ashraf Ali, ‘Social Justice and the Constitution of India’ (2006) 67 The Indian Journal of Political Science 767 accessed 18 February 2025.

[34] ‘Yogyakartaprinciples.Org – The Application of International Human Rights Law in Relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity’ accessed 18 February 2025.

[35] ‘Indian Supreme Court Recognises Third Gender’ (Human Rights Law Centre, 15 April 2014) accessed 18 February 2025.

[36] ‘Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019.’ (n 1).

[40] Ankana Bal, ‘The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019: A Critical Analysis’ (2020) 3 Issue 6 International Journal of Law Management & Humanities 1069 .

[42] Muskan Sharma, ‘A Review of The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 on Perspective of the Transgender People’ (2023) 6 Issue 2 International Journal of Law Management & Humanities 3209 .

[43] Sangeetha Sriraam, ‘Time to “Act”: Guaranteeing Full Citizenship of Transgender Persons in India’ in Douglas A Vakoch (ed), Transgender India: Understanding Third Gender Identities and Experiences (Springer International Publishing 2022) accessed 18 February 2025.

[44] “Frontiers | Ruptures and resurgences: Marking the spatiality of transgender identity in India since the enactment of Transgender Persons Act 2019,” available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/political-science/articles/10.3389/fpos.2022.963033/full (last visited February 18, 2025).

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^{^[1]} Abhirami R.Anil, Aswathy V.C, Lasna Latheef (2nd Year LLM students at Inter University Centre for IPR Studies, CUSAT)

^{^[2]}Krishnadas Rajagopal, ‘Lack of a protective law exposes domestic workers to abuse, torture: SC’ The Hindu (India, 29 January 2025) 12

^{^[3]} Domestic workers Welfare and Social Security Act 2010, Bill

^{^[4]}International Labour Organization, Domestic Workers Convention C-189, Geneva, 100th ILC session [2011] Article 1:

(b) the term “domestic worker” means any person engaged in domestic work within an employment relationship;

(c) a person who performs domestic work only occasionally or sporadically and not on an occupational basis is not a domestic worker.

^{^[5]} The Domestic Workers (Welfare and Regulation of Employment) Bill 2015, s 2(a)

^{^[6]} Reghunathan K.R, ‘Domestic Workers in India: Need for A Comprehensive Law’(2019) 10 (2) Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences accessed 20 February 2025

^{^[8]}Self-Employed Women’s Association, Domestic Workers’ Laws and Legal Issues in India Issues-India.pdf.

^{^[9]} International Labour Organization, Domestic Workers Across the World: Global and Regional Statistics (2013)

^{^[10]} LF Vosko, ‘Decent Work: The Shifting Role of the ILO and the Struggle for Global Social Justice’(2002) 2(1) Global Social Policy

^{^[11]} N. Smit, ‘Decent Work and the Promotion of Access to Social Protection For Workers in the Informal Economy – An International and Regional Perspective’(2007) 700 Journal of South African Law

^{^[12]} D. Lucera and N. Roncolato, ‘Informal Employment: Two Contested Policy Issues’(2008) 147(4), International Labour Review

^{^[13]}International Labour Organization, Domestic Workers Across the World: Global and Regional Statistics (2013)

^{^[14]}Mann J S, ‘Employment Rights Protection and Conditions of Domestic Workers : A Critical Appraisal’ (2015) 57 JILI pp. 216-243

^{^[15]} T Shashikala, ‘ Issues and Challenges of Women Domestic Workers A Sociological Study’ (2023) 11 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts < https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2306943.pdf>

^{^[16]} Mann J S, ‘Employment Rights Protection and Conditions of Domestic Workers : A Critical Appraisal (2015) 57 JILI pp. 216-243

^{^[17]}Survival of the fittest, a term made famous in the fifth edition (published in 1869) of On the Origin of Species by British naturalist Charles Darwin, which suggested that organisms best adjusted to their environment are the most successful in surviving.

^{^[18]} Constitution of India, 1950 Article 19. Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.

(1) All citizens shall have the right- (g) to practise any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.

^{^[19]} Pawan Kumar, ‘It’s Time India Brought Laws To Protect Rights Of Domestic Workers, Provide Them Social Security’ (The Secretariat, 19 January 2024) accessed 20 February 2025

^{^[20]} The Kerala Domestic Workers (Regulation and Welfare) Bill, 2021

^{^[21]}Director General Labour Welfare, Ministry of Labour and Employment, Final Report of the TaskForce on Domestic Workers (2011) <http://wiego.org/sites/wiego.org/files/resources/files/dw_task-force_report.pdf>

^{^[22]} ILO,Domestic Workers Convention (2011) Art 7

^{^[23]}The Kerala Domestic Workers(Regulation and Welfare) Bill 2021, s (13)- Constitution of Domestic Workers Welfare Board

^{^[24]} Tamil Nadu Domestic Workers Social Security and Welfare Scheme 2007

^{^[25]} The Maharashtra Domestic Workers Welfare Board Act, 2008

^{^[26]}The Legal Services Authorities Act 1987, s 12(f) states an industrial workman;, but in this particular section domestic workers should be incorporated.

^{^[27]}International Labour Organisation No. 189. Art. 17 ,

France has tackled these privacy concerns by allowing the householder the discretion to let the Labour Inspector enter his home.Spain, on the other hand, takes away the discretion from the householder and places the same into the hands of the judiciary, provided the Labour Inspector is able to discharge the burden that such inspection is intended to enable monitoring related to potential proceedings before social courts.South Africa also allows for an alternate process of distributing requests in the householders’ mailboxes for granting access to their households.

^{^[28]} Ministerial Regulation (No.14) B.E. 2555 [2012] issued under the Labour Protection Act.

^{^[29]} The Employment Act 1955 and the Employees' Social Security Act 1969

^{^[30]} FDHs are admitted into Hong Kong for full-time, live-in employment with a specific employer under a Standard Employment Contract

^{^[31]} Pawan Kumar, ‘It’s Time India Brought Laws To Protect Rights Of Domestic Workers, Provide Them Social Security’ (The Secretariat, 19 January 2024) accessed 20 February 2025

[1] Supreme Court of India, K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, 2017

[3] Supreme Court of India, Shreya Singhal v. Union of India, 2015

[4] Supreme Court of India, R. Rajagopal v. State of Tamil Nadu, 1994

[6] Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019

International Privacy Law Comparisons, EU GDPR vs. Indian PDPB

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[7] Cybersecurity and Data Breach Reports, CERT-IN

[1] FATHIMA IBRAHIM, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN LAW, SCHOOL OF LEGAL STUDIES, CUSAT.

[2] J. E. J. Prins, “Consumers, Liability, and the Online World”, Information & Communication Technology Law, Vol. 12, No. 2, June 2003, pp. 143- 164.

[4] Henry Chan, Raymond Lee and Tharam Dillon and Elizabeth Chang, E-Commerce: Fundamentals and Applications, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, 2002, pp. xix-xx.

[5] Mark Norris and Steve West, e-Business Essentials, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, 2001, pp. 2-3.

[6] D. Whiteley, E-Commerce, Strategy, Technologies and Applications, McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, 2000, pp. 4.

[8] Asit Narayan and L.K. Thakur, Internet Marketing, E-Commerce and Cyber Laws, Authors press, Delhi, 2000, pp.134-135.

[9] “Commerce and Cyberspace”, Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), School of Law, MIR- 013, pp. 37-38.

[10] William J. Stanton, M. Chael J. Etzel and Bruce J. Walker, Fundamentals of Marketing, McGraw Hill International Educations, New Delhi, 1994, pp.626-627.

[11] J B Williamson, DA Carpand JR Dalphin, The Research Craft: An Introduction to Social Science Methods, Little Brown &Company, Boston, 1977, pp. 17.

[12] Kaur, Gagandeep, Concept of E-Consumerism: A Need to Revamp Movement for E-Consumerism in India (August 15, 2015). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2645104 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2645104, accessed on 15.02.2025.

[13] Efraim Turban, Jae Lee, David King and H. Michael Chung, Electronic Commerce: A Managerial Perspective, Pearson Education, 2004, Delhi, 2004, pp.77.

[14] T. N. Chhabra, R.K. Suri and Sanjiv Verma, e-Commerce: New Vistas for Business, Dhanapt Rai & Co., Delhi, 2008, pp. 25.2 - 25.3. Also See: Asit Narayan and L.K. Thakur, 2000, pp. 113- 115.

[15] Kaur, Gagandeep, Concept of E-Consumerism: A Need to Revamp Movement for E-Consumerism in India (August 15, 2015). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2645104 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2645104, accessed on 15.02.2025.

[16] B. Van Klink & J.E.J. Prins, Law and Regulation: Scenarios for the Information Age, IOS Press, Amsterdam, 2002, pp. 167.

[17] P. Kotler, “What Consumerism means for Marketers”, Harvard Business Review, 50 (5), 1972, pp. 48- 57.

[18] R. Kalakota and A.B. Whinston, Readings in Electronic Commerce, Reading MA, Addison and Wesley, 1997, pp. 129.

[19] Section 13 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872: "Consent" defined - Two or more person are said to consent when they agree upon the same thing in the same sense.

[22] Section 20 and 21, Indian Contract Act, 1872.

[23] When consent to an agreement is caused by coercion,1*** fraud or misrepresentation, the agreement is a contract voidable at the option of the party whose consent was so caused.

[25] This case falls under Section 13: If the mistake prevents the consent itself, then there is no Consensus ad idem and thus no contract.

[26] Kaur, Gagandeep, Concept of E-Consumerism: A Need to Revamp Movement for E-Consumerism in India (August 15, 2015). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2645104 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2645104, accessed on 15.02.2025.

[28] Kaur, Gagandeep, Concept of E-Consumerism: A Need to Revamp Movement for E-Consumerism in India (August 15, 2015). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2645104 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2645104, accessed on 15.02.2025.

[29] Rodney D. Ryder, “Law and Privacy in the Cyber Space: A Premier on the Indian Information Technology Act, 2000”, Manupatra Newsline, September, 2008, pp. 3.

[1] Deksha S, Deepak Kumar E, Janani M & Dr. R. Gnanakumari, Constitutional Law AI: Identifying Relevant Indian Laws Through AI-Powered Query Resolution, 6 IRJMETS 1 , 3163 ,3163-3165 , (2024).

[9] K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, (2017) 10 SCC 1.

[10] Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India, (2020) 3 SCC 637.

INVESTIGATING THE LEGALITY AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF CORPORATE TAX AVOIDANCE STRATEGIES BY - RESHMA. R, ANWIN ANTO, SWATHY SATHYAN & DILSHA.P.D

OF WRITS AND THEIR TRANSMUTATION: A DISQUISITION UPON THE ARCANE PROGENY OF COMMON LAW MANDAMUS BY - AKHIL VJ

JUDICIAL ACTIVISM IN INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM AND ITS IMPACT ON SEPARATION OF POWERS BY: MANSI PATEL & DIKSHA SHARMA

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