INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

ASSOCIATION FOR DEMOCRATIC REFORMS AND ANOTHER V. UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS BY - VAIBHAV NAGPAL, SHRAY CHIBBER, RIYA SOOD & RAHUL MARYA

Authors: VAIBHAV NAGPAL, SHRAY CHIBBER, RIYA SOOD & RAHUL MARYA

Registration ID: 108898 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8898, IJLRA8899, IJLRA8900 & IJLRA8901

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: vaibhavnagpal.nagpal@gmail.com, Shraychhibber5472@gmail.com, soodriya01@gmail.com & rahulmarya29@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-62846885/ASSOCIATION FOR DEMOCRATIC REFORMS AND ANOTHER V.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR PREVENTION AND PROTECTION OF CHILD ABUSE- A CRITICAL ANALYSIS BY - ASHUTOSH TRIPATHI

Authors: ASHUTOSH TRIPATHI

Registration ID: 108897 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8897

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: tripathi.ashutosh429@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-37835735/LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR PREVENTION AND PROTECTION OF C

LEGAL EDUCATION IN INDIA: SOME CONTEMPORARY CHALLEGES BY - DR. ANAND KUMAR

Authors: DR. ANAND KUMAR

Registration ID: 108896 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8896

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: anandcrlaw@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-77234437/LEGAL EDUCATION IN INDIA: SOME CONTEMPORARY CHALLE

IMPACT OF DIGITALISATION OF LAND RECORDS ON THE CONCEPT OF OWNERSHIP - A CRITICAL ANALYSIS AUTHORED BY - N.K. SHARITHIRA & DR. P. BRINDA

Authors: N.K. SHARITHIRA & DR. P. BRINDA

Registration ID: 108894 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8894 & IJLRA8895

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: n.k.sharithira@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-41239416/IMPACT OF DIGITALISATION OF LAND RECORDS ON THE CO

THE RISE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DURING LOCKDOWN: A SOCIO-LEGAL STUDY BY - ANKANA BAL

Authors: ANKANA BAL

Registration ID: 108893 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8893

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: ankana.india@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-67734315/THE RISE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DURING LOCKDOWN: A S

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ONE NATION ONE RATION SCHEME IN CHENNAI BY - A.P.AKSHY KHUMAR & MR.SUBIN ABRAHAM

Authors: A.P.AKSHY KHUMAR & MR.SUBIN ABRAHAM

Registration ID: 108891 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8891 & IJLRA8892

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: akshykhumar629@gmail.com & subinkaranikulam98@gmail.com

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WHETHER COMPANIES HAVE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OR NOT. BY - C THIRUVIKRAM

Authors: C THIRUVIKRAM

Registration ID: 108890 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8890

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: thiruvikramchandrasekhar927@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-49195752/WHETHER COMPANIES HAVE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OR NOT.

THE SURGE OF CYBER OBSCENITY: SAFEGUARDING THE WOMEN BY - KIRTI BANAL

Authors: KIRTI BANAL

Registration ID: 108889 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8889

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: shobhasharmaa889@gmail.com & kirtibanal0@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-35685161/THE SURGE OF CYBER OBSCENITY: SAFEGUARDING THE WOM

GOVERNANCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN INDIA – PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE BY: ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SHABNAM AKBAR PATHAN

Authors: ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SHABNAM AKBAR PATHAN

Registration ID: 1088788 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8888

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: pathanshabnam80@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-61861423/GOVERNANCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN IND

NAVIGATING REFORMS: THE PROGRESSION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA BY - DR. AVNI SHARMA

Authors: DR. AVNI SHARMA

Registration ID: 1088787 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8887

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: avnisharma249@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-25466627/NAVIGATING REFORMS: THE PROGRESSION OF CRIMINAL JU

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

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IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

[1] Article 19- Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.— (1) All citizens shall have the right—

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[11] Pandey, R. (2018). Domestic Violence and Its Impact on Children: Evidence from India. Child Abuse & Neglect, 80, 263-270. DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.007.

[12] Childline India Foundation. (2019). Annual Report 2019: Child Helpline 1098. Retrieved from https://www.childlineindia.org.in/annual-report.php.

[13] Kacker, L., Varadan, S., & Kumar, P. (2017). Study on Child Abuse: India 2007. Retrieved from https://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/Child%20abuse%20report%202%5B1%5D.pdf.

[14] Srivastava, R. (2019). Child Trafficking in India: Patterns, Causes, and Policy Responses. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 57, 60-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2018.12.005.

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[1]Asst. Professor in-Law& Former Director in-Charge, Chhotu Ram Institute of Law, Rohtak-124001, E-mail: anandcrlaw@gmail.com ; +919896150198

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[6] Aakarsh Kamra and Dr. Garima Tiwari, “Perspectives and Challenges on Legal Education in India” 49 (1) IBR 21-22 (2022).

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[10]Ashok Mehta, “Education” 13 Indian Bar Review XLIII (2) 2016.

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[14] Govt of India. MHRD, National Education Policy 2020.

[1] Ownership, Black's Law Dictionary (9th ed. 2009)

[2] Ownership, John W. Salmond, et al., Salmond on jurisprudence (12th ed. 1966)

[3] Agter, Merlet MicheL, Commons, a Model for Managing Natural Resources, RITIMO (Nov. 30, 2024, 10.34 A.M.), https://www.ritimo.org/Land-Ownership-A-Fundamental-Critique-of-Its-Key-Concepts-is-Necessary

[4] The General Clauses Act, 1897, (Act 10 of 1897), § 3(26); The Registration Act, 1908, (Act 16 of 1908 § 2(6)

[5] Agter, Merlet MicheL, Commons, a Model for Managing Natural Resources, RITIMO (Nov. 30, 2024, 10.50 A.M.), https://www.ritimo.org/Land-Ownership-A-Fundamental-Critique-of-Its-Key-Concepts-is-Necessary

[6] Damodhar Narayan Sawale (D) through LRs. vs. Shri Tejrao Bajirao Mhaske & Ors (2023) SCC Online SC 566

[7] Land Records and Titles in India, PRSINDIA (Nov. 30, 2024, 11.45 A.M.),https://prsindia.org/policy/analytical-reports/land-records-and-titles-india#_edn7

[9] Land Records and Titles in India, PRSINDIA (Nov. 30, 2024, 11.45 A.M.),https://prsindia.org/policy/analytical-reports/land-records-and-titles-india#_edn7

[11] What is ROR in Land Records?, HOME CAPITAL, (Nov. 30, 2024 5.08 P.M.), https://homecapital.in/what-is-ror-in-land-records/#:~:text=A%20Record%20of%20Rights%20(ROR,the%20ownership%20of%20the%20property.

[12] Land Records and Titles in India, PRSINDIA (Nov. 30, 2024, 11.45 A.M.),https://prsindia.org/policy/analytical-reports/land-records-and-titles-india#_edn7

[13] Bal, Meghna, Securing Property Rights in India through Distributed Ledger Technology, ORF (Dec. 01, 2024, 11.00 A.M.), https://www.orfonline.org/research/securing-property-rights-in-india-through-distributed-ledger-technology

[14] DILRMP, Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development, (Dec. 01, 2024, 11.30 A.M.), https://dolr.gov.in/programmes-schemes/dilrmp-2/

[15] Khemka, Shreevardhan and Jain ,Ayush, Digitalization Of Land Records In India, Asian Law & Public Policy Review Journal, Vol.IV (2019), https://thelawbrigade.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Shreevardhan-Ayush-ALPPR.pdf

[16] Government of India, Planning Commission, A Hundred Small Steps: Report of the Committee on Financial Sector Reforms, (2009), https://www.jrvarma.in/reports/Raghuram-Rajan/cfsr_all.pdf

[17] Mishra, Prachee and Suhag, Roopal , Modernizing land records in India, LIVEMINT, (Dec. 01. 2024 4.35 P.M.), https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YZ7goB2ERdl3VZQJTdWc9L/Modernizing-land-records-in-India.html

[18] Land Records and Titles in India, PRSINDIA (Nov. 30, 2024, 11.45 A.M.),https://prsindia.org/policy/analytical-reports/land-records-and-titles-india#_edn7

[19] The NITI Aayog, Expert Committee on ODR, Strengthening Arbitration and its Enforcement in India – Resolve in India”, (2021), http://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/document_publication/Arbitration.pdf.

[20] Anushka, Concept Of Land: Land Laws In India, Get legal India, ( Dec. 01, 2024, 4.05 P.M.), https://getlegalindia.com/blog/real-estate-law/land-laws-in-india/#google_vignette

[21] Reserve Bank of India, Report of the Committee on Medium-term Path on Financial Inclusion, https://www.cochinchamber.org/storage/circulars/archive/16843.pdf

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[30] Law Commission No:380, UK, Updating the Land Registration Act 2002, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5f465347e90e074c4b6fa687/Updating-Land-Registration-final_WEB_230718.pdf

[31] The First Law Commission of India, 1957, Report No. 6: Registration Act, 1908,

[32] Is Digitizing Land Records the Ultimate Answer?, BAR AND BENCH, (Dec. 02, 2024, 08.00 P.M.), https://www.barandbench.com/apprentice-lawyer/is-digitizing-land-records-the-ultimate-answer

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[35] Singh, Ram, Inefficiency and Abuse of Compulsory Land Acquisition An Enquiry into the Way Forward, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 47, No. 19 (May 12, 2012), pp. 46-53 https://www.jstor.org/stable/23214976

[36] Naves, Inge and Hoogcarspe, Sjo, Art Law in The Netherlands, LEXOLOGY, (Dec. 03. 2024 6.30 P.M.), https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=f38485d2-4908-44de-b6ad-1519a9832a54

[37] Land and Land Ownership, ICSM, (Dec. 04, 2024 6.30 P.M.), https://www.icsm.gov.au/education/fundamentals-land-ownership-land-boundaries-and-surveying/land-and-land-ownership/systems

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[39] Fulari, Sujit, Digitizing Land Records: Is It Enough for India?,

Fulari, Sujit, Digitizing Land Records: Is It Enough for India? SSRN Journal, (December 11, 2022), https://ssrn.com/abstract=4868836

[40] Sasi, Ansil, Why Rajasthan’s new titling law for property is great for faster development, FINANCIAL EXPRESS, (Dec. 04, 2024 7.40 P.M.), https://www.financialexpress.com/policy/economy-why-rajasthans-new-titling-law-for-property-is-great-for-faster-development-250186/

[41] Nayak, Pradeep, The State and Land Records Modernisation, ( Ist ed. 2015)

[1] Antonio Guterres, the Secretary General, United Nations (6 April 2020)

<https://twitter.com/antonioguterres?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor> accessed 11 June, 2024.

[2] Johns Hopkins University, ‘Territories with Confirmed cases with COVID-19’(Alzejeera, 20 September 2020) <https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/01/countries-confirmed-cases-coronavirus-200125070959786.html> accessed 20 September, 2024.

[3] Press Release, ‘COVID-19: Stopping the rise in domestic violence during lockdown, European Parliament’ (European Parliament, 7 April 2020) <https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20200406IPR76610/covid-19-stopping-the-rise-in-domestic-violence-during-lockdown> accessed 5 June, 2024.

[4] ‘Everything on her shoulders: Rapid assessment on gender and violence against women and girls in the Ebola outbreak in Beni, DRC’ (International Rescue Committee, 15 March 2020)

<https://www.rescue.org/report/everything-her-shoulders-rapid-assessment-gender-and-violence-against-women-and-girls-ebola> accessed 24 July, 2024.

[5] Claire M. Renzetti, ‘Economic Stress and Domestic Violence’ CRVAW Faculty Research Reports and Papers (UKnowledge, September 2009) <https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=crvaw_reports> accessed July 23, 2024.

[6] Jacqui True, ‘Gendered violence in natural disasters: Learning from New Orleans, Haiti and Christchurch’ 25(2) ANZSW (2013) 78.

[8] ‘Summary Report on WHO Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women’ (WHO 2005) <http://dspace.ceid.org.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/93/ekutuphane4.1.6.4.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y> accessed 25 July, 2024.

[9] Haley Ott, ‘U.K. domestic violence charity says calls have surged 66& as coronavirus lockdown continues’ (CBS NEWS, May 27 2020) <https://www.cbsnews.com/news/uk-domestic-violence-charity-huge-spike-calls-for-help-as-coronavirus-lockdown-continues/> accessed 9 June, 2024.

[12] Natalie Higgins, ‘Coronavirus: When home gets violent under lockdown in Europe’ BBC News (Brussels, 13 April 2020) <https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-52216966>, accessed 02 June 2020

[14] Stephen Burgen, ‘Women killed in Spain as coronavirus lockdown sees rise in domestic violence’ The (Guardian, 28 April 2020) <https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/apr/28/three-women-killed-in-spain-as-coronavirus-lockdown-sees-rise-in-domestic-violence> accessed 20 June, 2024.

[17] Interview with Teresa May, Former Prime Minister of U.K., ‘Coronavirus: Lockdown exit must take domestic abuse rise into account – May’ (BBC NEWS, 28 April 28 2020)

<https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-52453372> accessed 18 June, 2024.

[19]Amanda Taub and Jane Bradley, ‘As Domestic Abuse Rises, U.K. Failings Leave Victims in Peril’ (The New York Times, 2 July 2 2020) <https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/02/world/europe/uk-coronavirus-domestic-abuse.html> accessed 20 July, 2024.

[22] Emily Sherwin, ‘Moscow hotel hosts domestic violence survivors as abuse cases soar’ (DW, 6 June 2020) available at <https://www.dw.com/en/moscow-hotel-hosts-domestic-violence-survivors-as-abuse-cases-soar/a-53693748> accessed 15 June, 2024.

[23] Emma Graham-Harrison, Angela Giuffrida, Helena Smith, Liz Ford, ‘Lockdown around the world bring rise in domestic violence’ (The Guardian, 28 March 2020) <https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/mar/28/lockdowns-world-rise-domestic-violence> accessed 26 June, 2024.

[24] Yaya Sanni, Hudani Alzahra, Buh Amos, Bishwajit Ghose, ‘Prevalence and Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence Among Married Women in Egypt’ (13 November 2019) <https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519888196> accessed 28 June, 2024.

[26] Amanda Taub, ‘A New Covid-19 Crisis: Domestic Abuse Rises Worldwide’ (New York Times, 06 April 2020)

accessed 24 June, 2024.

[27] Graham-Harrison, Giuffrida, Smith, Ford, supra note 23.

[28] Lachmi Deb Roy, ‘Blame It On COVID-19: Domestic Violence on The Rise, Are men Putting More Pressure On Women?’ (The Outlook, 20 April 20 2020),

<https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/india-news-a-monster-at-home/303071> accessed 29 June, 2024.

[29] Rukmini S, ‘Locked down with abusers: India sees surge in domestic violence’ (Aljazeera, 8 April 2020) < https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/locked-abusers-india-domestic-violence-surge-200415092014621.html> accessed 29 June, 2024.

[31] Elaine Enarson, ‘Violence Against Women in Disaster’ 5(7) SP (1999) 742.

[32] Melissa Godin, ‘As Cities Around the world Go on Lockdown, Victims of Domestic Violence Look for a Way Out’ (Time, 18 March 2020) <https://time.com/5803887/coronavirus-domestic-violence-victims/> accessed 5 July, 2024.

[33] Jhumka Gupta, ‘What does coronavirus mean for violence against women?’ (Women’s Media Centre, March 19, 2020) <https://womensmediacenter.com/news-features/what-does-coronavirus-mean-for-violence-against-women> accessed July 10, 2024.

[34] UN Women Rapid Assessment Survey, ‘Surveys show that COVID-19 has gendered effects in Asia and the Pacific’ (UN Women Hub, 28 April 2020) accessed 10 July, 2024.

[35] Ibid., preliminary results of four countries: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Maldives & Pakistan.

[36] Burgen, supra note 14.

Ana Bella, a survivor of abuse & the founder of ‘Fundación Ana Bella to fight gender violence’, said.

[37] ‘Amidst Coronavirus Pandemic, UNDP rings the alarm on domestic violence’, UNDP (24 April 2020) available at <https://www.eurasia.undp.org/content/rbec/en/home/stories/coronavirus-pandemic-albania-domestic-violence.html> accessed 02 June, 2024.

[38] Prosecutor v. Furundlija, Case No. IT-95- 17/l-T (10 December 1998) 159-164, 174, 186.

[39] Judith Lewis Herman, ‘Complex PSTD: A Syndrome in Survivors of Prolonged and Repeated Truma’ 0076 (1992) 5(3) JTS 383.

[41] Michael P. Johnson, ‘Patriarchal Terrorism and Common Couple Violence: Two Forms of Violence Against Women’ (1995) 57 JMF 283.

[42] Amnesty International, ‘Broken Bodies, Shattered Minds: Torture and Ill-treatment of Women’, Report Index no. ACT40/001/2001, March 6 2001 <http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engact4000l200l> accessed 13 July, 2024.

[44] Elizabeth M. Schneider, ‘Battered Women & Feminist Law Making’ 25 (Yale University Press, London, 2000).

[45] Judith Resnik, ‘Categorical Federalism: Jurisdiction, Gender, and the Globe’ (2001) 111 YLJ 619.

[46] Celina Romany, ‘State Responsibility Goes Private: A Feminist Critique of the Public/Private Distinction in International Human Rights Law’ in Rebecca J. Cook (ed.) Human Rights of Women: National Ans International Perspectives (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994) 85, 99.

[47] Deborah M. Weissman, ‘The Personal Is Political-and Economic: Rethinking Domestic Violence’ (2007) 2 BLR 387.

[48] Pualani Enos, ‘Prosecuting Battered Mothers: State Law's Failure to Protect Battered Women and Abused Children’ (1996) 19 HWLJ 229, 231.

[49] Isabel Marcus, ‘Refraining Domestic Violence: Terrorism in the Home’ in Martha A. Fineman, Roxanne & Mykitiuk (eds.) The Public Nature of Private Violence: The Discovery of Domestic Abuse 11 (Taylor and Francis, 1994) 26-27.

[50] Vicki Jackson, ‘What Judges Can Learn from Gender Bias Task Force Studies’ (July-Aug. 1997) 81 JUDICATURE 15.

[51] because, for example, the abuser may be the breadwinner, the father of the victim's children.

[52] Bonita Meyersfeld, ‘Domestic Violence, Health, And International Law’ (2008) 22(1) EILR 68.

[53] UK Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act, 2004.

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^{^[1]} A.P. Akshy khumar,5th year, B.com, LLB.,(HONS) 131904003,SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW,SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCE , SAVEETHA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI - 600007 ,EMAIL ID: akshykhumar629@gmail.com Contact no.: 6383585342

^{^[2]} Mr.Subin Abraham, BA., LL.B ( HONS), LL.M,Assistant professor,Saveetha school of law,Saveetha institute of medical and technical science (SIMATS),Chennai,Contact no: 87788 69845Email id: subinkaranikulam98@gmail.com

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[6] Jacqui True, ‘Gendered violence in natural disasters: Learning from New Orleans, Haiti and Christchurch’ 25(2) ANZSW (2013) 78.

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