INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

NAVIGATING THE DEPTHS: AN EXPLORATION OF LEGAL FRAMEWORKS FOR DEEP SEA MINING CONSERVATION. BY - DR. N VANI SHREE & MS. RAJESWARI H

Authors: DR. N VANI SHREE & MS. RAJESWARI H

Registration ID: 108936 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8936 & IJLRA8937

Year : Jan -2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: rajeswarihariharaiyer@gmail.com & vanishreejsslc@gmail.com

Page No : 19 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2025-57716866/NAVIGATING THE DEPTHS: AN EXPLORATION OF LEGAL FRA

CHALLENGES AND PRECAUTIONS IN USE OF ONLINE PAYMENTS BY - SUBASH S

Authors: SUBASH S

Registration ID: 108935 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8935

Year : Jan -2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: subashsuriyagr@gmail.com

Page No : 14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2025-87552828/CHALLENGES AND PRECAUTIONS IN USE OF ONLINE PAYMEN

HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE ON THE EXPLOITATION OF FABRICATORS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES: AN INDIAN LEGAL ANALYSIS BY - ASST. PROF. HANUMANT S. DODAKE

Authors: ASST. PROF. HANUMANT S. DODAKE

Registration ID: 108934 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8934

Year : Jan -2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: dodakesir@gmail.com

Page No : 10 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2025-41298341/HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE ON THE EXPLOITATION OF FA

THE CONUNDRUM BETWEEN PATENT AND COPYRIGHT LAWS IN AI-DRIVEN DEVICES BY - KANAN JOSHI & GARGI PANT

Authors: KANAN JOSHI & GARGI PANT

Registration ID: 108932 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8932 & IJLRA8933

Year : Jan -2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: gargipantmithi@gmail.com

Page No : 10 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2025-33946452/THE CONUNDRUM BETWEEN PATENT AND COPYRIGHT LAWS IN

NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT IN SOUTH ASIA: CHALLENGES, GLOBAL DYNAMICS, AND PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY BY - SAPTARSHI MONDAL

Authors: SAPTARSHI MONDAL

Registration ID: 108931 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8931

Year : Jan -2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: saptarshimandal2021@gmail.com

Page No : 14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2025-36144958/NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT IN SOUTH ASIA: CHALLENGES, GLO

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN TRANSFORMING EDUCATION BY - AASTHA CHOUDHARY

Authors: AASTHA CHOUDHARY

Registration ID: 108930 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8930

Year : Jan -2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: aastha482@gmail.com

Page No : 19 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2025-85497922/A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIG

ENFORCEABILITY OF NON-COMPETE CLAUSES IN EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS UNDER INDIAN LAW BY - ISHA BHARTI

Authors: ISHA BHARTI

Registration ID: 108929 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8929

Year : Jan -2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: isha785815@gmail.com

Page No : 13 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2025-78815693/ENFORCEABILITY OF NON-COMPETE CLAUSES IN EMPLOYMEN

CONSTITUTIONAL GUARDIANS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF JUDICIAL REVIEW IN INDIA AND USA BY - KARRI MOULENDRA SATYA VENKAT

Authors: KARRI MOULENDRA SATYA VENKAT

Registration ID: 108928 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8928

Year : Jan -2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: moulendra02@gmail.com

Page No : 25 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2025-42399597/CONSTITUTIONAL GUARDIANS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF J

DEBT RECOVERY MECHANISMS IN INDIA: ANALYZING LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS BY - KARRI MOULENDRA SATYA VENKAT

Authors: KARRI MOULENDRA SATYA VENKAT

Registration ID: 108927 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8927

Year : Jan -2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: moulendra02@gmail.com

Page No : 23 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2025-76351836/DEBT RECOVERY MECHANISMS IN INDIA: ANALYZING LEGAL

BRIDGING INNOVATION AND JUSTICE: THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS ON LEGAL SYSTEMS BY - KARRI MOULENDRA SATYA VENKAT

Authors: KARRI MOULENDRA SATYA VENKAT

Registration ID: 108926 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8926

Year : Jan -2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: moulendra02@gmail.com

Page No : 19 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2025-77868261/BRIDGING INNOVATION AND JUSTICE: THE IMPACT OF TEC

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

Accessibility:Open Access

License:Creative Commons 4.0

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All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

^{^[1]} Chairperson of PG Department of Studies in Law @ JSS Law College, Mysuru, Karnataka, INDIA

^{^[2]} Student of IV Year BBA.LL.B (Hons.) @ JSS Law College, Mysuru, Karnataka, INDIA

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^{^[7]} Karen L. Howard, science & tech spotlight: deep-sea mining, GAO-22-1055079(2021) https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-22-105507 (accessed on 4^th April 2024)

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^{^[9]} John Mero, “Mineral Resources of the Sea”, Elsevier Oceanography Series, 1, (1965). https://www.sciencedirect.com/bookseries/elsevier-oceanography-series/vol/1

^{^[10]} Rahul Sharma,Deep-Sea Mining Resource Potential, Technical and Environmental Considerations, p3, Springer International Publishing AG (2017)ISBN 978-3-319-52556-3

^{^[11]} United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, opened for signature 10 December 1982, 1833 UNTS 396 (entered into force 16 November 1994) pt XI (‘Convention’).

^{^[12]} International Seabed Authority (‘ISA’), Deep Seabed Mineral Resources (2017)<https://www.isa.org.jm/mineral-resources/55 > archived at <https://perma.cc/WR8Y- DQV4>

^{^[13]} Assembly, Report ofthe Secretary-General of the International Seabed Authority under Article 166, Paragraph 4, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 22 nd sess, ISBA/22A/2 (11–22 July 2016) [46]; Council, Status of Contracts for Exploration and Related Matters: Report of the Secretary-General, 23 rd sess, Provisional Agenda Item 7, ISBA/23/C/7 (5 June 2017)

^{^[14]} Koschinsky, A., Heinrich, L., Boehnke, K., Cohrs, J.C., Markus, T., Shani, M., Singh, P., Smith Stegen, K. and Werner, W., 2018. Deepsea mining: Interdisciplinary research on potential environmental, legal, economic, and societal implications. Integrated environmental assessment and management, 14(6), pp.672-691.

^{^[15]} Hein JR, Spinardi F, Okamoto N, Mizell K, Thorburn D, Tawake A. 2015. Critical metals in manganese nodules from the Cook Islands EEZ, abundances and distributions. Ore Geol Rev 68:97–116.

^{^[16]} Halbach P, Manheim FT, Otten P. 1982. Co-rich ferrmanganese deposits in the marginal seamount regions of the Central Pacific Basin # results of the Midpac’81. Erzmetall 35:447–453.

^{^[17]} Hein JR, Mizell K, Koschinsky A, Conrad TA. 2013. Deep-ocean mineral deposits as a source of critical metals for high- and green-technology applications: Comparison with land-based resources. Ore Geol Rev 51:1–14.

^{^[18]} [UN] United Nations. 1982. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Montego Bay (JM).

^{^[19]} Francheteau J, Needham HD, Choukroune P, Juteau T, Seguret M, Ballard RD, Fox PJ, Normark W, Carranza A, Cordoba D, et al. 1979. Massive deep-sea sulphide ore deposits discovered on the East Pacific Rise? Nature277:523–528

^{^[20]} Hannington MD, De Ronde CEJ, Petersen S. 2005. Sea-floor tectonics and submarine hydrothermal systems. Econ Geol 111–141.

^{^[21]} Monecke T, Petersen S, Hannington MD. 2014. Constraints on water depth of massive sulfide formation: Evidence from modern seafloor hydrothermal systems in arc-related settings. Econ Geol 109:2079–2101

^{^[22]} Chin, A., & Hari, K. (2020). Predicting the impacts of mining of deep sea polymetallic nodules in the Pacific Ocean: A review of scientific literature. Deep Sea Mining Campaign and MiningWatch Canada.

^{^[23]} Elizabeth Claire Alberts, “Deep-sea mining: An environmental solution or impending catastrophe?”Mongabay Series https://news.mongabay.com/2020/06/deep-sea-mining-an-environmental-solution-or-impending-catastrophe/ (Accessed on 6^th April 2024)

^{^[31]} Deep sea mining permits may be coming soon. What are they and what might happen? Times New India ( July 4 2023) https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-tech/what-deep-sea-mining-permits-implications-8698411/ ( Accessed on 5^th April 2024)

^{^[32]} International Seabed Authority, “The Government of India submits two applications for approval of plans of work for seabed exploration in the Indian Ocean”, ISA Press Release, 18 January 2024. https://www.isa.org.jm/news/the-government-of-india-submits-two-applications-for-approval-of-plans-of-work-for-seabed-exploration-in-the-indian-ocean/.

^{^[33]} Dr S Rajan, “Polymetallic Nodules Resource Classification: Proceedings of the International Seabed Authority and Ministry Of Earth Science, Government Of India Workshop Held In Goa, India 13-17 October 2014”, International Seabed Authority, 1 (2017) https://www.isa.org.jm/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/goa-20aug2018_0.pdf

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[6] https://www.financialexpress.com/money/behind-the-scene-the-pros-and-cons-of-digital-payment-apps/490257/

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[11] https://www.nttdatapay.com/blog/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-online-payments/

[1] Assistant Professor in DES Shri navalmal Firodia Law College , Pune

[2] Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, "Annual Report 2022-23" (Government of India, 2023)

[4] Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India, (1984) 3 SCC 161.

[5] People's Union for Democratic Rights v. Union of India, (1982) 3 SCC 235

[6] M.C. Mehta v. State of Tamil Nadu, (1996) 6 SCC 756.

[7] Constitution of India, arts. 39(a), 41, 42, 43.

[8] The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020, No. 37, Acts of Parliament, 2020 (India).

[9] The Code on Wages, 2019, No. 29, Acts of Parliament, 2019 (India).

[10] The Industrial Relations Code, 2020, No. 35, Acts of Parliament, 2020 (India)

[11] Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India, (1984) 3 SCC 161

[12] People's Union for Democratic Rights v. Union of India, (1982) 3 SCC 235

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[1] The Patents Act, 1970. (n.d.). Available at: https://ipindia.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/IPOAct/1_31_1_patent-act-1970-11march2015.pdf.

[2] lddashboard.legislative.gov.in. (n.d.). The Patents Act, 1970|Legislative Department | Ministry of Law and Justice | GoI. [online] Available at: https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/actsofparliamentfromtheyear/patents-act-1970.

[3] lddashboard.legislative.gov.in. (n.d.). The Copyright Act, 1957|Legislative Department | Ministry of Law and Justice | GoI. [online] Available at: https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/actsofparliamentfromtheyear/copyright-act-1957.

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[1] Author is a student at Xavier Law School, St. Xavier University, Kolkata

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[1] Arthur C. Clarke, Profiles of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 21 J. Educ. Tech. 145, 149 (2023).

[2] Shannon T. R., Artificial Intelligence and Educational Equity: Opportunities and Ethical Considerations, 5 AI Ethics J. 65, 70 (2022).

[3] John P. Smith, The Impact of AI on Education Systems, 45 Tech. Educ. J. 78, 83 (2022).

[4] Alan M. Goldman, AI Chatbots in Education: Benefits and Challenges, 39 Educ. Tech. Rev. 101, 106 (2023).

[5] Amalia R. Taylor, Personalized Learning with AI: A Case Study of Adaptive Systems, 67 J. Educ. Tech. 55, 58 (2021).

[6] Caroline L. Hughes, The Effectiveness of Intelligent Tutoring Systems in STEM Education, 12 AI & Learning 45, 49 (2021).

[7] Peter L. Jones, Automated Grading in the Digital Classroom: Opportunities and Limitations, 29 J. Higher Educ. Tech. 234, 238 (2023).

[8] Samantha J. Wells, Predictive Analytics and Student Success: A Review of Current Applications, 58 Data Sci. Educ. 99, 104 (2022).

[9] George T. Wilson, Bias in AI Algorithms: Ethical Concerns for Education, 25 Ethics in Tech. 115, 118 (2023).

[10] David N. Anderson, Protecting Student Data in AI Systems: Privacy Challenges, 38 Cybersecurity Educ. 45, 47 (2022).

[11] Nicholas K. Turner, The Digital Divide in AI Education: Global Inequality in Access to Technology, 31 Global Educ. Review 92, 97 (2021).

[12] Rachel A. Green, The Future of Teaching in AI-Empowered Classrooms, 24 J. Educ. Futures 128, 131 (2022).

[13] Anderson, J. & Rainie, L., Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Education, PEW RESEARCH CENTER (2018), https://www.pewresearch.org.

[14] Warschauer, M., Digital Literacy and Learning in the Age of AI, 34 J. EDUC. COMPUTING RES. 35 (2020).

[16] Joubert, M., AI and Distance Learning in Low-Resource Settings, 14 EDUC. TECH. & SOC'Y 98 (2021).

[17] Perrone, V. & Holmes, M., The Digital Divide in AI Education, 30 INT'L J. EDUC. TECH. 65 (2020).

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[19] Binns, T., Ethical Challenges of AI in Education, 19 J. AI & EDUC. 85 (2022).

[21] Huang, J., et al., AI-Powered Education: Revolutionizing Learning in the 21st Century, 10 J. EDUC. TECH. DEV. 47 (2020).

[22] Johnson, D., Predictive Analytics in Education: A Game-Changer for Personalized Learning, 11 EDU. TECH. & DEV. 25 (2021).

[23] Brynjolfsson, E. & McAfee, A., The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies (W.W. Norton & Company 2017).

[25] Joubert, M., AI and Distance Learning in Low-Resource Settings, 14 EDUC. TECH. & SOC'Y 98 (2021).

[26] Perrone, V. & Holmes, M., The Digital Divide in AI Education, 30 INT'L J. EDUC. TECH. 65 (2020).

[27] Liu, Y., Wang, Z., & Zhang, C., AI and Education: A Review of the Current Applications and Future Prospects, 25 EDUC. & INFO. TECH. 110 (2020).

^{^[1]} Article 142 of the Indian Constitution: . Enforcement of decrees and orders of the Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.—(1) The Supreme Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction may pass such decree or make such order as is necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it, and any decree so passed or order so made shall be enforceable throughout the territory of India in such manner as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament and, until provision in that behalf is so made, in such manner as the President may by order1 Prescribe.

^{^[2]}CPC section 151. Saving of inherent powers of Court.—Nothing in this Code shall be deemed to limit or otherwise affect the inherent power of the Court to make such orders as may be necessary for the ends of justice or to prevent abuse of the process of the Court.

CrPC section 482. Saving of inherent powers of High Court.—Nothing in this Code shall be deemed to limit or affect the inherent powers of the High Court to make such orders as may be necessary to give effect to any order under this Code, or to prevent abuse of the process of any Court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice.

^{^[3]} Prem Chand Garg v. Excise Commissioner, UP (1963 SCR Supl. (1) 885)

^{^[4]} HLA Hart - Positivism and Separation of Law and Morals (1958), 71 Harvard Law Review 593, 601-602).

^{^[5]}Section 27 of the Indian Contract Act (IC Act)- Agreement in restraint of trade, void.—Every agreement by which any one is restrained from exercising a lawful profession, trade or business of any kind, is to that extent void. Exception 1.—Saving of agreement not to carry on business of which good-will is sold.—One who sells the good-will of a business may agree with the buyer to refrain from carrying on a similar business, within specified local limits, so long as the buyer, or any person deriving title to the good-will from him, carries on a like business therein, provided that such limits appear to the Court reasonable, regard being had to the nature of the business.

^{^[6]}Section 87 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996,-Effect of arbitral and related court proceedings commenced prior to 23rd October, 2015.—Unless the parties otherwise agree, the amendments made to this Act by the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act, 2015 shall— (a) not apply to— (i) arbitral proceedings commenced before the commencement of the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act, 2015 (23rd October, 2015); (ii) court proceedings arising out of or in relation to such arbitral proceedings irrespective of whether such court proceedings are commenced prior to or after the commencement of the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act, 2015; (b) apply only to arbitral proceedings commenced on or after the commencement of the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act, 2015 and to court proceedings arising out of or in relation to such arbitral proceedings.

^{^[7]} Ramdas Vithaldas Durbar v. Amerchand & Co (43 IA 164)

^{^[9]} R.S. Raghunath v. State of Karnataka (1991 SCR Supl. (1) 387)

^{^[10]} Madhub Chander v. Rajcoomar Das ((1874) 14 BLR 76)

^{^[11]} Niranjan Shankar Golikari v. Century Spinning and Manufacturing Company Ltd. (1967 AIR 1098),

^{^[12]} E. Underwood & Son Ltd. v. Barker [(1899) 1 Ch 300 CA])

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[2] Inderdeep Singh Ahluwalia (2024) - Protecting Borrowers and Securing Stability: A Critical View of Debt Recovery Processes in India- International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR)

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