INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

WHY DO WE OBEY LAW POSITIVISM OR NATURALISM BY - SAMIR HALDER

Authors: SAMIR HALDER

Registration ID: 108619 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8619

Year : Oct -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: samiractor07@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/11.2024-49282253/WHY DO WE OBEY LAW POSITIVISM OR NATURALISM

AN EVER PREVAILING LAVUNAE IN THE CRIMINAL LAWS AND INDIAN MEN WHO SUFFERS BY - MANDEEP KAUR & MANINDER SINGH

Authors: MANDEEP KAUR & MANINDER SINGH

Registration ID: 108616 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8616 & IJLRA8617

Year : Oct -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: mandeep01522@gmail.com & maninderjitsinghkhinda1111@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2024-95214767/AN EVER PREVAILING LAVUNAE IN THE CRIMINAL LAWS AN

WHITE COLLAR CRIMES AND POLICE IN INDIA: THEORIES, CHALLENGES, AND REFORMS BY: MR. SUSHANT PRASHANT AWALE

Authors: MR. SUSHANT PRASHANT AWALE

Registration ID: 108615 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8615

Year : Oct -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: awalesushant50@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2024-74411243/WHITE COLLAR CRIMES AND POLICE IN INDIA: THEORIES,

“COMBATTING EXAMINATION PAPER LEAKS: STRATEGIES FOR THE INDIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM” BY - SEHAR PARVEEN

Authors: SEHAR PARVEEN

Registration ID: 108614 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8614

Year : Oct -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: parveensehar90@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2024-78315689/“COMBATTING EXAMINATION PAPER LEAKS: STRATEGIES

VIRTUAL VULNERABILITIES: THE RISE OF CYBER EXPLOITATION AGAINST CHILDREN POST-PANDEMIC BY - ARUNDHUTI DESHMUKH & SPARSH MANOCHA

Authors: ARUNDHUTI DESHMUKH & SPARSH MANOCHA

Registration ID: 108612 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8612 & IJLRA8613

Year : Oct -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: deshmukharundhuti@gmail.com & sparshmanocha2525@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2024-91768628/VIRTUAL VULNERABILITIES: THE RISE OF CYBER EXPLOIT

BARKING UP THE RIGHTS FOR ANIMALS ON BEHALF OF VOICELESS: - EXPLORING CRITICAL ISSUES & WELFARE SOLUTIONS. BY - SHRUTI JHA & ROHIT KUMAR

Authors: SHRUTI JHA & ROHIT KUMAR

Registration ID: 108610 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8610 & IJLRA8611

Year : Oct -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: sj116420@gmail.com & rkfitness100@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2024-91141586/BARKING UP THE RIGHTS FOR ANIMALS ON BEHALF OF VOI

A RESEARCH PAPER ON THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL AND MUNICIPAL LAW BY: SHISHIR SINGH

Authors: SHISHIR SINGH

Registration ID: 108609 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8609

Year : Oct -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: singhshishir092@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2024-96419994/A RESEARCH PAPER ON THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE

ROLE OF ITLOS IN DISPUTE SETTLEMENT WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON URGENT PROCEDURES BY - DR. M. BIRUNTHADEVI

Authors: DR. M. BIRUNTHADEVI

Registration ID: 108608 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8608

Year : Oct -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: birunthadevi86.law@gmail.com

Page No : 21 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2024-95612258/ROLE OF ITLOS IN DISPUTE SETTLEMENT WITH SPECIAL E

COHABITATION WITHOUT MARRIAGE: ANALYSING LIVE-IN RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH THE LENS OF INDIAN PERSONAL LAWS BY - KANGAN CHAWLA & ISHIKA JAISWAL

Authors: KANGAN CHAWLA & ISHIKA JAISWAL

Registration ID: 108607 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8606 & IJLRA8607

Year : Oct -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: kangan140@gmail.com & ishika.jaiswal2004@gmail.com

Page No : 17 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2024-52719542/COHABITATION WITHOUT MARRIAGE: ANALYSING LIVE-IN R

RIGHT TO LIVE IN POLLUTION FREE ENVIRONMENT: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS WITH REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 21 BY - DR. SHIKHA DHIMAN

Authors: DR. SHIKHA DHIMAN

Registration ID: 108605 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8605

Year : Oct -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: shikha.laws@gndu.ac.in

Page No : 15 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2024-69743441/RIGHT TO LIVE IN POLLUTION FREE ENVIRONMENT: A CRI

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

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IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

[4] JOHN T. NOONAN, Genital Good, COMMUNIO 198, 214 (1981)

[6] Maynard v. Hill, 125 U.S. 190, 205, 211 (1888); Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390, 399 (1923; Skinner v. Oklahoma, 316 U.S. 535, 541 (1942)

[7] AIR 2018 SUPREME COURT 4321, AIR 2018 SC (CRI) 1169, (2018) 4 MAD LJ(CRI) 306, (2018) 4 BOMCR(CRI) 289, (2018) 10 SCALE 386, 2019 (1) SCC (CRI) 1, (2018) 4 CURCRIR 1, (2018) 105 ALLCRIC 258, (2018) 3 ALLCRIR 3234

[8] Section 117 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023

[10] Dutta (2024) ‘Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons’ The Hindu June 22

[11] Nupur Thapliyal (2024) ‘Plea Before Delhi High Court against exclusion of section 377 IPC from Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023’ LiveLaw Aug 12

[12] Peterson Z.D., Voller E.K., Polusny M.A., Murdoch M. Prevalence and consequences of adult sexual assault of men: Review of empirical findings and state of the literature. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 2011;31:1–24. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.08.006

[13] Whitton S.W., Dyar C., Mustanski B., Newcomb M.E. Intimate Partner Violence Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents and Young Adults Assigned Female at Birth. Psychol. Women Q.; Stephenson R., Rentsch C., Salazar L.F., Sullivan P.S. Dyadic Characteristics and Intimate Partner Violence among Men Who Have Sex with Men. West. J. Emerg. Med. 2011;12:324–332; Hickson F.C., Davies P.M., Hunt A.J., Weatherburn P., McManus T.J., Coxon A.P. Gay men as victims of nonconsensual sex. Arch. Sex. Behav.

[14] Pearson J., Barker D. Male rape: What we know, don’t know and need to find out—A critical review. Crime Psychol.

[1] Vivek Narayan Sharma v. Union of India, Writ Petition (civil) No.906 of 2016

[3] Ramachandran Vaidyanathan, Black Money and Tax Havens (first published 2017, Penguin Books 2023) 1

[4] Kaytie Nielsen, ‘How Indians Dodged Government’s ‘Black Money’ Clampdown’ (Aljazeera, 15 February 2017) <www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/2/15/how-indians-dodged-governments-black-money-clampdown> accessed 10 September 2024.

[5] ‘Involvement of bank officials in money laundering during post monetization’ (Press Information Bureau, 7 February 2017) <https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=158174> accessed 11 September 2024

[6] Ipsita Chakravarty, ‘The Daily Fix: RBI’s latest report is clinching evidence that demonetisation was a failure’ (Scroll.in, 30 August 2018) <https://scroll.in/article/892428/the-daily-fix-rbis-latest-report-is-clinching-evidence-that-demonetisation-was-a-failure> accessed 12 September 2024.

[7] "White Collar Criminal Defense Guide". Law Offices of Randy Collins, 23 December 2016.

[8] Edwin H. Sutherland, White Collar Criminality, American Sociological Review, Feb., 1940, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1.

[9] Dr. Valeria Vegh Weis is an Argentinian-German jurist, who specializes in criminological jurisprudence.

[10] The word ‘Bulimia’ means ‘inclusion-exclusion’. Dr. Weis uses it to describe a social order within which the marginalized underclass groups are included culturally, but excluded from actual material development.

[11] Weis V, Marxism and Criminology: A History of Criminal Selectivity (BRILL 2017) 212.

[13] Ambrose Lee, Measuring Corruption (Law, Ethics and Governance Series) (Charles Sampford, Arthur Shacklock and Carmel Connors eds, Ashgate Publishing 2006) 224.

[14] Susanah Naushad and Mohammed Raiz, White-Collar Crimes in India: Contemporary Issues and Complexities (first published 2021, Thompson Reuters 2021) 244.

[17] Kam C Wong, ‘From White-Collar Crime to Organizational Crime: An Intellectual History’ (Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law, 2005) <https://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MurUEJL/2005/14.html> accessed 14 September 2024.

[18] Association for Democratic Reforms v Union of India 2024 INSC 113

[19] ‘Constitutionality of the Electoral Bond Scheme’ (Supreme Court Observer) <www.scobserver.in/cases/association-for-democratic-reforms-electoral-bonds-case-background/> accessed 11 September 2024.

[20] Dr. Jaya Thakur v Union of India [2023] INSC 616

[21] Kashyap G, ‘Supreme Court Upholds Union Power to Control CBI, ED Directors’ Tenure’ (Supreme Court Observer, 15 July 2023) <www.scobserver.in/journal/supreme-court-upholds-union-power-to-control-cbi-ed-directors-tenure/> accessed 14 September 2024

[22] Ananya Bhardwaj, ‘CBI, ED, IT Probes Against Opposition Politicians — On at Election Time, Off After That’ (The Print, 16 April 2021) <https://theprint.in/india/cbi-ed-it-probes-against-opposition-politicians-on-at-election-time-off-after-that/640596/> accessed 14 September 2024.

[23] Arvind Kejriwal v. Central Bureau of Investigation, SLP(Crl) No. 11023/2024

[24] Debby Jain, ‘'CBI Shouldn't Be a Caged Parrot' : Justice Ujjal Bhuyan Says CBI Arrest of Arvind Kejriwal Was Unjustified’ (LiveLaw, 13 September 2024) <www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-delhi-liquor-policy-case-arvind-kejriwal-cbi-arrest-bail-granted-justice-bhuyan-269489?fromIpLogin=28951.158140306776> accessed 12 September 2024.

[26] Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita 2023, s 110

[27] ‘Adani Group: How The World’s 3rd Richest Man Is Pulling The Largest Con In Corporate History’ (Hindenburg Research, 24 January 2023) <https://hindenburgresearch.com/adani/> accessed 14 September 2024

[29] ‘Adani Update – Our Response To India’s Securities Regulator SEBI’ (Hindenburg Research, 1 July 2024) <https://hindenburgresearch.com/adani-update-sebi/> accessed 14 September 2024.

[30] ‘The Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention, ETS No. 185) and its Protocols’ (Council of Europe) <www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/the-budapest-convention> accessed 13 September 2024.

[31] Murthy SVR, ‘Measuring Informal Economy in India _ Indian Experience’ (International Monetary Fund) <www.imf.org›Files›session-ii-murthy>

[32] ‘Karnataka - Worst Wage Theft’ (#PayYourWorkers) <www.payyourworkers.org/worstwagetheft> accessed 13 September 2024.

[34] M Praveen, ‘Migrant Workers Lodge Complaints of ‘Wage Theft’ Amounting to ?2.41 Crore in 18 Months’ (The Hindu, 19 May 2024) <www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/migrant-workers-lodge-complaints-of-wage-theft-amounting-to-241-crore-in-18-months/article68185925.ece> accessed 14 September 2024.

^{^[1]} Is an English language Indian daily newspaper founded in 1932 by Ramnath Goenka

^{^[4]} A person who uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data

^{^[5]} Is a methodology used to hinder or detect unauthorized access to a device or circumvention of a security system

^{^[6]} Includes fingerprints,hand and earlobe geometries,retina patterns voice prints and written signatures ⁷ Closed circuit television

^{^[7]} The recognition from an accrediting agency that an institution maintains a certain level of educational awards

[1] Sakshi Chand, Delhi cops to get ‘one touch’ internet monitoring system, DNA (20 Oct 2024, 5:30 PM), https://www.dnaindia.com/delhi/reports-delhi-cops-to-get-one-touch-internet-monitoring-system-2278908.

[2] Convention on the Rights of the Child, https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention, (last visited oct 26, 2024).

[3] Mohua Das, Child cybercrime surges 32% reveals NCRB data, Underlining vulnerability to online risks, Times of India (Oct. 192024, 7:00 PM), https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/child-cyber-crimes-surges-32-reveals-ncrb-data-underlying-culnerabilty-to-online-risk/articleshow/107168056.cms.

[4] Ministry of Home Affairs https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/CyberSafety_English_Web_03122018.pdf (last visited Oct 26, 2024).

[5] International Centre for missing & Exploited Children, Child Pornography: Model Legislation & Global Review, 7 Edition, (koons Family Institute on int. law and policy 1, 4 (2024), https://www.icmec.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/7th-Edition-EN.pdf.

[6] Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberstalking (last visited October 26, 2024).

[7] Miha Šepecfff, Revenge Pornography or Non-Consensual Dissemination of Sexually Explicit Material as a Sexual Offence or as a Privacy Violation Offence, Vol. 13(2) IJCC 418, 420 (2024), https://www.cybercrimejournal.com/pdf/MihaSepecVol13Issue2IJCC2019.pdf.

[8] Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, § 75, No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 2023 (India).

[9] Monesh Mehndiratta, Information Technology Act, 2000, IPleaders (August 24 2022), https://blog.ipleaders.in/information-technology-act-2000/.

[10] The Information Technology Act, 2000, § 67 and § 67 A, No. 21, Acts of Parliament, 2000 (India).

[11] Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, § 303(1), No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 2023 (India).

[12] Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, supra note 11. At § 323.

[13] Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, supra note 11. At § 324 (1).

[14] Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, Preamble, No.32, Acts of Parliament, 2012 (India).

[18] Public Trust of India, over 400% rise in cyber crime cases against children in 2020: NCRB data, Business Standard (Nov. 14 2021, 2:59 PM), https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/over-400-rise-in-cyber-crime-cases-against-children-in-2020-ncrb-data-121111400320_1.html.

[20] Bismee Taskin, Remember ‘Bois Locker Room’? Trial in 2020 case yet to start, forensic report on mobiles awaited, The Print (Oct. 16, 2023, 09:42 am IST), https://theprint.in/india/remember-bois-locker-room-trial-in-2020-case-yet-to-start-forensic-report-on-mobiles-awaited/1804635/.

[1] Author is a student at school of law, MANAV RACHNA UNIVERSITY, FARIDABAD, HARAYANA, INDIA.

[2] Author is a student at school of law, MANAV RACHNA UNIVERSITY, FARIDABAD, HARAYANA, INDIA.

[8] (Animal Welfare Board of India vs. A. Nagaraja & Ors, (2014) 7 SCC 547)

[1] S. Khushboo vs Kanniammal & Anr 2010 (5) SCC 600

[2] Payal Sharma v. Superintendent Nari Niketan AIR 2001 All 254.

[3] S. Khushboo vs Kanniammal & Anr 2010 (5) SCC 600.

[4] A. Dinohamy v. W.L. Blahamy, AIR 1927 P.C. 185.

[6] D.Velusamy v s D.Patchaiammal AIR 2011 Supreme Court 479.

[9] Wazida Rahman, Live-In-Relationship And Personal Laws: A Contemporary Study, Vol. 3, Issues 3-4, NUJS Journal of Regulatory Studies, 29, 2018, https://www.nujs.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/File-54.pdf .

[10] Rashida Khatoon v S K Islam AIR 2005 Ori 57.

[11] Chanmuniya v Virendra Kumar Singh Kushwaha and Anr (2011) 1 SCC, 141.

[12] D.Velusamy v s D.Patchaiammal AIR 2011 Supreme Court 479.

[13] Prevention of Domestic Violence Act, 2005, No. 43, Acts of Parliament, 2005 (India).

[14] Narayan Jagluji Thool and Ors v. Mala Chandan Wani AIR 2015 Bombay 36.

[15] Payal Sharma v. Superintendent Nari Niketan AIR 2001 All 254.

[16] Indra Sarma vs. V.K.V. Sarma, (2013) 15 SCC 775.

[18] Vidyadhari v. Sukhrana Bai AIR 2008 SC 1420 (India).

[19] Madan Mohan Singh v. Rajni Kant 2010 (9) SCC 209.

[20] Bharata Matha v. R. Vijaya Renganathan 2010 AIR SCW 3503.

[21] SPS Balasubramanyam v. Sruttayan 1994 AIR 133.

[22]Bharata Matha & Ors. v R. Vijaya Renganathan & Ors. 2010 AIR SCW 3503.

[24] Jinia Keotin & Ors. v. Kumar Sitaram Manjhi & Ors AIR Online 2002 SC 635.

[25] Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 ,§ 16, No. 25, Acts of Parliament, 1955 (India).

[26] Tulsa & Ors v. Durghatiya & Ors 2008 AIR SCW 1148.

[27] Revanasiddappa & Anr. vs Mallikarjun & Ors Civil Appeal No. of 2011.

[28] Dimple Gupta v. Rajiv Gupta 2007 AIR SCW 6651.

[29] Gita Hariharan v. Reserve Bank of India 1999 AIR SCW 811.

WHY DO WE OBEY LAW POSITIVISM OR NATURALISM BY - SAMIR HALDER

AN EVER PREVAILING LAVUNAE IN THE CRIMINAL LAWS AND INDIAN MEN WHO SUFFERS BY - MANDEEP KAUR & MANINDER SINGH

WHITE COLLAR CRIMES AND POLICE IN INDIA: THEORIES, CHALLENGES, AND REFORMS BY: MR. SUSHANT PRASHANT AWALE

“COMBATTING EXAMINATION PAPER LEAKS: STRATEGIES FOR THE INDIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM” BY - SEHAR PARVEEN

VIRTUAL VULNERABILITIES: THE RISE OF CYBER EXPLOITATION AGAINST CHILDREN POST-PANDEMIC BY - ARUNDHUTI DESHMUKH & SPARSH MANOCHA

BARKING UP THE RIGHTS FOR ANIMALS ON BEHALF OF VOICELESS: - EXPLORING CRITICAL ISSUES & WELFARE SOLUTIONS. BY - SHRUTI JHA & ROHIT KUMAR

A RESEARCH PAPER ON THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL AND MUNICIPAL LAW BY: SHISHIR SINGH

ROLE OF ITLOS IN DISPUTE SETTLEMENT WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON URGENT PROCEDURES BY - DR. M. BIRUNTHADEVI

COHABITATION WITHOUT MARRIAGE: ANALYSING LIVE-IN RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH THE LENS OF INDIAN PERSONAL LAWS BY - KANGAN CHAWLA & ISHIKA JAISWAL

RIGHT TO LIVE IN POLLUTION FREE ENVIRONMENT: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS WITH REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 21 BY - DR. SHIKHA DHIMAN

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[7] AIR 2018 SUPREME COURT 4321, AIR 2018 SC (CRI) 1169, (2018) 4 MAD LJ(CRI) 306, (2018) 4 BOMCR(CRI) 289, (2018) 10 SCALE 386, 2019 (1) SCC (CRI) 1, (2018) 4 CURCRIR 1, (2018) 105 ALLCRIC 258, (2018) 3 ALLCRIR 3234

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