INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF LEGAL AVENUES FOR TRANSGENDER EMPOWERMENT IN INDIA BY - SWETA KUMARI & ADITYA GUPTA

Authors : SWETA KUMARI & ADITYA GUPTA

Registration ID : 108084 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8084 & IJLRA8085

Year :July-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : 2579@cnlu.ac.in

Page No : 22 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-99765379/A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF LEGAL AVENUES FOR TRANSGEND

THE SURVIVAL OF THE DERIVATIVE SUIT: AN EVALUATION AND A PROPOSAL FOR LEGISLATIVE REFORM BY – YASH KATARIA

Authors : YASH KATARIA

Registration ID : 108083 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8083

Year :July-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : yash.kataria20@nludelhi.ac.in

Page No : 14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-44648235/THE SURVIVAL OF THE DERIVATIVE SUIT: AN EVALUATION

EXTRA-JUDICIAL KILLINGS IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS BY - DR. BHARAT G. KAURANI

Authors : DR. BHARAT G. KAURANI

Registration ID : 108082 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8082

Year :July-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : bharatkaurani@gmail.com

Page No : 18 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-88372289/EXTRA-JUDICIAL KILLINGS IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALY

LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION IN INDIA: CONSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE BY - DR. TANVIR KAUR & DR. JASKARAN SINGH

Authors : DR. TANVIR KAUR & DR. JASKARAN SINGH

Registration ID : 108080 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8080 & IJLRA8081

Year :July-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : jaskaran.adv@gmail.com & tanvirbrar.adv@gmail.com

Page No : 12 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-39979426/LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION

FAMILY LAW OF DIVORCE AND CHILD CUSTODY BY - MRADUL SHARMA

Authors : MRADUL SHARMA

Registration ID : 108078 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8078

Year :July-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : mradulsharma967@gmail.com

Page No : 16 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-39599537/FAMILY LAW OF DIVORCE AND CHILD CUSTODY

MANIPUR- AN ETHNIC VIOLENCE BY - HARSHITHA. S

Authors : HARSHITHA. S

Registration ID : 108077 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8077

Year :July-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : sadhaharshitha@gmail.com

Page No : 20 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-62829257/MANIPUR- AN ETHNIC VIOLENCE

HARMONIZING THE JURISDICTION OF THE COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA FOR PATENT REGULATION BY - PRAKRUTH P HONAGANAHALLI

Authors : PRAKRUTH P HONAGANAHALLI

Registration ID : 108076 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8076

Year :July-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : prakruth.honag@gmail.com

Page No : 10 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-92824111/HARMONIZING THE JURISDICTION OF THE COMPETITION CO

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A VIDEO GAME DEVELOPER IN INDIA BY - SOMYA MISHR

Authors : SOMYA MISHR

Registration ID : 108075 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8075

Year :July-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : 21phd011@nluo.ac.in

Page No : 13 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-86241894/ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A VIDEO GAME DEVELOPER

BEHIND THE VEIL: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DRIVERS OF CORPORATE FRAUD BY - SHIVAAN DEVGAN

Authors : SHIVAAN DEVGAN

Registration ID : 108074 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8074

Year :July-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : shivaandevgan@gmail.com

Page No : 13 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-67872697/BEHIND THE VEIL: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC

NAVIGATING LEGAL BOUNDARIES: THE ROLE OF ARBITRATION IN RESOLVING DISPUTES IN SPORTS LAW BY - DIVYA SHEKHAWAT & TANYA MATHUR

Authors : DIVYA SHEKHAWAT & TANYA MATHUR

Registration ID : 108072 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8072 & IJLRA8073

Year :July-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : divya22bwl007@gnlu.ac.in & tanya22bwl035@gnlu.ac.in

Page No : 20 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-65827282/NAVIGATING LEGAL BOUNDARIES: THE ROLE OF ARBITRATI

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

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IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
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[1] Mona Mehta, “Why purush and prakriti are gender-neutral” The Times of India, Jan. 2, 2024.

[3] Jeffrey Gettleman, “Peculiar Position of India’s Third Gender” The New York Times, Jan. 5, 2018.

[4] Somasundaram O., “Transgenderism: Facts and fictions” 51(1) IJP 73-75(2009).

[5] Shiva Prakash Srinivasan and Sruti Chandrasekaran, “Transsexualism in Hindu Mythology” 24(3) IJEM 235–236(2020).

[6] Aribha, “A brief history of India’s transgender community” The Indian Express, Jan. 1, 2024.

[7] M. Michelraj, “Historical Evolution of Transgender Community in India” 4 ARSS 17-19(2015).

[8] Serena Nanda, Neither Man Nor Woman: The Hijras Of India 13, 23, 30-31, 41, 144 (Wadsworth Publishing Company, US, 1999).

[9] Almut Hofert, Matthew Mesley, et.al. (eds.), Celibate And Childless Men In Power: Ruling Eunuchs And Bishops In The Pre-Modern World 16 (Routledge, UK, 2017).

[11] Preeti Sharma, “Historical Background and Legal Status of Third Gender In Indian Society” 2 IJRESS, 12 (2012).

[12] Ash Kotak, Hijra 92 (Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 2000).

[13] The Indian Penal Code, 1860 (Act 45 of 1860), s. 377.

[14] Dr. Akkai Padmashali & Ors.v. Union of India, (2014) 5 SCC 438.

[15] The Karnataka Police Act, 1964, (Act 4 of 1964), s. 36A.

[16] Rema Nagarajan, “First count of third gender in census: 4.9 lakh” The Times Of India, Jan. 13, 2024.

[18] Pallav Das, “Higher Education of Transgenders in India: Opportunities and Challenges”, 2 IJRESM, 2(2019).

[19] Government of India, Annual Report of Department of Health and Family Welfare, (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2015-2016).

[20] S. Shaikh, “Empowering communities and strengthening systems to improve transgender health: Outcomes from the Pehchan programme in India” 3 JIAS 19 (2016).

[28] I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu, AIR 2007 SC 861.

[29] State of Maharashtra v. Public Concern for Governance Trust, AIR 2003 SC 223.

[32]The Transgender Person (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2016 (Bill No. 210 of 2016).

[35] The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 (Act 40 of 2019), s. 2(k).

[37] The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 (Act 40 of 2019), s. 5.

[38] The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 (Act 40 of 2019), s. 6.

[39] The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 (Act 40 of 2019), s. 7.

[40] Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India, (2017) 10 SCC 1.

[42] The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 (Act 40 of 2019), s. 12(1)

[43] “Many Transgender Community Members Battling Mental, Physical Abuse During Pandemic”, The Tribune India Aug. 30, 2020.

[44] Aastha Khanna and Divesh Sawhnej, “Legislative Review Of The Transgender Persons (Protection Of Rights) Act, 2019” 24 HRB 3 (2021).

[45] The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 (Act 40 of 2019), s. 18

[46] State of Punjab v. Gurmit Singh, (1996) 2 SCC 384.

[48] The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 (Act 40 of 2019), s.13.

[50] Naz Foundation v. Government of NCT of Delhi, (2009) 6 SCC 712.

[55] Suresh Kumar Koushal and another v. Naz Foundation and others, AIR 2014 SC 563.

[60] Navtej Singh Johar vs Union Of India, AIR 2018 SC 432.

[1] Janet Johnson, The Business Judgment Rule: A Review of Its Application to the Problem of Illegal Foreign Payments, 6 J. CORP. L. 481, 481 (1981).

[2] Joseph R. Daughen & Peter Binzen, The Wreck Of The Penn Central 17, 259(1971); Robert Townsend, Book Review, N.Y. Times, Dec. 12, 1971, At Br 3.

[3] Melvin A. Eisenberg, The Structure Of The Corporation: A Legal Analysis 139-85 (1976);

[4] Roberta S. Karmel, Regulation By Prosecution: The Securities And Exchange

Commission Vs. Corporate America 149 (1982)

[5] Alwyn Sebastian, “Introduction of class action suits in India: A blindfold on corporate governance” in Bimal Patel, Mamta Biswal and Joshua Aston (eds), International Contracts I: Jurisdictional Issues and Global Commercial and Investment Governance ...

[6] Umakanth Varottil, “A Comment on a Delhi High Court Ruling on Shareholder Derivative Actions”.

[7] Nicholas Calcina Howson, ‘When “Good” Corporate Governance Makes “Bad” (Financial) Firms: The Global Crisis and the Limits of Private Law,’ 108 Mich. L. Rev. First Impressions 44, 47 (2009)

[8] Raymond B. Marcin, ‘Searching for the Origin of the Class Action,’ 23 CATH. U. L. REV. 515, 517–24 (1974)

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[1] Assistant Professor in Law, Chandigarh Law College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali.

[2] Assistant Professor in Law, Chandigarh Law College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali.

[3] Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics (2004), ed. Hugh Treddenick. London: Penguin.

[4] Emile Durkhem, Education et. Sociologie (1992) T.B. Bottomore, Society (1986) p. 262.

[5] Dr. Sanjay Sindhu, “Fundamental Right to Education in India: An Overview”, Global Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Vol. 3(5), September- October 2014, pp. 92-95, at p. 92.

[6] Article 13 of International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

[7] Article 15 (3) provides for power of State to make special provisions for women and children.

[8] Article 24 prohibits employment of children below the age of 14 years in hazardous jobs

[9] Article 39(f) recommends the protection of childhood again exploitation and moral and material abandonment. The founding fathers made these safeguards to protect interest of the weaker sections of the society.

[10] The state shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to education.

[11] State shall provide early childhood care and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of six years.

[12] It requires the State to promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, specially of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and to protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.

[18] Anurag Bhaskar, “Status of Implementation of Right to Education Act, 2009: Reflections and Inferences from Uttar Pradesh” October 11, 2017, available at: www.livelaw.in

[19] Mona Kaushal, Implementation of Right to Education in India: Issue and Concerns, Journal of Management and Public Policy, Vol. 4, No. 1, December 2012, pp. 42-48, p. 44.

[20] “No Charity, Please! Education is a Social Commitment” The Tribune (2012).

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[4]Nigombam M (Geographical study of Manipur) accessed 23 October 2023.

[5] Admin M (The people - Manipur Science and Technology Council (MASTEC)) accessed 23 October 2023.

[6] Schoetz A and Das Y, ‘When Did Kukis Reach Manipur and How the Past Is Shaping the State’s Present’ INDIA TODAY (4 August 2023) accessed 31 October 2023.

[7] ibid; ‘Manipur Directory’ (www.manipuronline.in) accessed 12 October 2023.

[8] Singh B, ‘Manipur: A Look into Migration and Identity of Kuki Tribe’ accessed 21 October 2023.

[9] S.M.A.W. CHISHTI, ‘POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN MANIPUR 1919-1949 ’ (dissertation, 1980) accessed 12 October 2023.

[11] The Constitution of India 1950, art 371C (The Constitution).

[12] ‘High Court Judgment and Violence in Manipur Explained’ (SCC Blog, 12 May 2023) accessed 13 August 2023.

[13] The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950.

[14] Kaushik K and Prabhuswamy R, ‘Manipur: Ethnic Violence in the Indian State Explained’ (Reuters, 21 July 2023) accessed 11 October 2023.

[15] ‘Manipur Violence Explained: History of Suspicion between Ethnic Groups Escalates Violence’ THE ECONOMIC TIMES (9 May 2023) accessed 14 October 2023.

[16] Vallooran G, ‘From Contentious HC Order To Using Of Women As Instruments Of Violence: A Brief Timeline Of Deadly Manipur Clashes’ THE FREE PRESS JOURNAL (20 July 2023). accessed 14 October 2023.

[17] Lakshman A, ‘Manipur High Court Allows Tribal Bodies to Appeal against Order on ST Status for Meiteis ’ THE HINDU accessed 28 October 2023.

[18] ‘Completely Factually Wrong: SC Slams Manipur HC Order on Meiteis and ST list’ THE WIRE (17 May 2023) accessed 12 October 2023.

[19] ‘Women Paraded Naked in Manipur: CBI Chargesheet against 6, Juvenile’ THE INDIAN EXPRESS accessed 30 October 2023.

[20] Sharma P, ‘’Deeply Anguished, Using Women as Instruments of Violence Unacceptable’: Supreme Court Takes Suo Motu Cognizance of Manipur Video’ (Live Law, 20 July 2023) accessed 13 October 2023.

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[26] Kipgen L and Kipgen N, ‘Intricacies Of Meiteis’ ST Status Demand And The Hill-Valley Divide In Manipur’ Outlook (29 May 2023) accessed 30 October 2023.

[27] ibid; Donthi P, ‘What’s Behind the Manipur Violence and Why Stopping It Poses a Test for Modi’ THE WIRE (27 July 2023) accessed 27 October 2023.

[28] The Manipur Land Revenue and Land Reforms Act 1960.

[29] Harad T, ‘ST Status for Manipur’s Meiteis: What Is at Stake?’ the quint (6 May 2023) accessed 27 October 2023.

[31] Rathore S, ‘Navigating the Kuki-Meitei Conflict in India’s Manipur State’ THE DIPLOMAT (1 August 2023) accessed 23 October 2023.

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[39] Ohri R, ‘Manipur High Court Order to Include Meiteis in ST List Wrong:’ The Economic Times (18 May 2023) accessed 30 October 2023.

[44] ‘Change in Criteria for Inclusion in ST List’ accessed 20 November 2023.

[45] THE HINDU BUREAU, ‘Current Procedure for Inclusion of Communities in Scheduled Tribes List Adequate, Centre Tells Rajya Sabha’ (15 March 2023).

[49] ‘Three Churches Demolished in BJP-Ruled Manipur for “Illegal Construction”: Reports’ The Wire (12 April 2023) accessed 12 November 2023.

[52] Laithangbam I, ‘Mobile Internet Blocked, Section 144 Imposed in Manipur’s Churachandpur District’ THE HINDU (28 April 2023) accessed 20 November 2023.

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[57] Kachroo S, ‘Manipur Schools To Remain Closed Till July 8 Amid Violence In State’ News 18 (1 July 2023) accessed 14 November 2023.

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[64] Karmakar S and DHNS, ‘Setback to Peace Efforts in Manipur as Kuki Groups Refuse to Be Part of Peace Committee’ DECCAN HERALD (12 June 2023) accessed 9 November 2023.

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[1] S. Gregory Boyd, Brian Pyne, et.al., Video Game Law Everything You Need to Know About Legal and Business Issues in the Game Industry, (Taylor & Francis, 2019)

[3] Article 2(b), The Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances

[4]Sara Tortosa, The Beijing Treaty: A step forward in the protection of related rights in audiovisual performances, Kluwer Copyright Blog (Jun. 18, 2021) https://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/06/18/the-beijing-treaty-a-step-forward-in-the-protection-of-related-rights-in-audiovisual-performances/

[5] Aleksandar Filipovic, The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Video Game Development, 20 Kultura Polisa 50 (2023)

[6] Margaret Rouse, Computer Simulation, Techopedia (Feb. 5, 2019) https://www.techopedia.com/definition/17060/computer-simulation

[7] Aaroha Kulkarni, Victims of Virtual Vortex: Regulating the Video Game Industry in India, 7 CMET 18 (2020)

[8] State of Bombay v. R.M.D. Chamarbaugwala, AIR 1957 SC 699

[9] Indian Patents Act, No. 39 of 1970 §3(k) (Ind.)

[10]Guidelines for Examination of Computer Related Inventions(CRIs), Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks, Rule 3.12 (2017)

[11] The Copyright Act, No. 14 of 1957 § 2(ffc) (Ind.)

[12] Jiran Kurian, Rohini V, A Deliberation on the Stages of Artificial Intelligence, SCRS Conference Proceedings on Intelligent Systems (2021)

[13] Rita Matulionyte & Jyh-An Lee, Copyright in AI-generated Works: Lessons from Recent

Developments in Patent Law, 19 SCRIPTed 5 (2022)

^{^[1]} K.Sayal, What Role Does Human Behaviour Play in Corporate Frauds?, Economic and Political Weekly (2021),

^{^[2]} Ramamoorti, The Psychology and Sociology of Fraud: Integrating the Behavioral Sciences Component into Fraud and Forensic Accounting Curricula, 23 Issues in Accounting Education p 521–33 (2008).

^{^[3]} Sackett, Honesty testing for personnel selection: A review and critique, 37 Personnel Psychology p. 221–245 (1984).

^{^[4]} G. Nettler, Lying, Cheating, Stealing, Anderson Publishing, Cincinnati, Ohio (1982).

^{^[5]} G. M. Sykes, Techniques of neutralization: A theory of delinquency, 22 American Sociological Review, p 664–70 (1957).

^{^[6]} D. R. Cressey, Why managers commit fraud, 19 Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, p195–209.

^{^[7]} R. H. Blum, Deceivers and Deceived: Observations on Confidence Men and their Victims, Informants and their Quarry, Political and Industrial Spies and Ordinary Citizens, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, p. 44 (1972).

[9] Grzegorz Pieszko, The influence of socio - economic factors on crime, 21 IOSR-JHSS, 18, 18-19, (2016).

[10] Vikramaditya Khanna, CEO Connectedness and Corporate Fraud, 70 JOFI, 1203, 1212, (2015).

[11] KIYAMAZ H., CORPORATE FRAUD EXPOSED 19-38 Emerald Publishing Limited (2020).

[12] Companies Act, 2013, § 447, No. 18, Acts of Parliament, 2013 (India).

[13] Thomas Fox, Socio-Economic and Cultural Risk Factors That Drive Corruption: A Focus on the ‘Supply Side’ of the Equation, JDSUPRA, (Nov. 8, 2021, 9:29 PM), https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/socio-economic-and-cultural-risk-factors-53692/.

[14] Daniel Kaufmann, The Big Question: How Can Nations Break the Cycle of Crime

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[1] Student at Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar.

[2] Student at Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar.

[3] Department of culture, Media and Sports figures- www.culture.gov.uk.

[4] Hilary A. Findlay & Rachel Corbett, Principles Underlying the Adjudication Disputes Preceding the Salt Lake City Winter Olympic Games: Notes for Adjudicators, 1 ENT. L. 109 (2002); Susan Haslip, A Consideration for the Need of a National Dispute Resolution System for National Sport Organizations in Canada. 11 MARQ. SPORTS L. REV. 245 (2001).

[5] Mukul Mudgal, Vidushpat Singhania & Aahna Mehrotra, Law & sports in India: Developments, issues and challenges: Introducing chapters on the IPL probe report and the Commonwealth Games, 2010 (2016).

[7] Ian Blackshaw, Sport, Mediation and Arbitration 3 (2009).

[8] J Anderson, Modern Sports Law: A Textbook 77 (2010).

[9] James A. R Nafziger, Dispute Resolution in the Arena of International Sports Competition, 50 The American Journal of Comparative Law, 161-179 (2002).

[11] Code of sports-related arbitration of the Court of Arbitration for Sports, rules 33 and 34.

[16] Angela Raguz v Rebecca Sullivan & Ors [2000] NSWCA 240.

[18] ICC Development (International) Ltd. v. Arvee Enterprises, 2003 SCC OnLine Del 2.

[19] ICC Development (International) Ltd. v. Ever Green Service Station, 2003 SCC OnLine Del 1.

[22] Secretary, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting v Cricket Association of Bengal & Anr (1995) AIR 1236.

[23] Zee telefilms & Os v Union of India & Ors Writ Petition (Civ) 541/2004.

[28] A, B v, Comité International Olympique et Fédérations Internationale de Ski (Swiss Federal Tribunal, 1st Civil Law Chamber, 4P267/2002).

[31] Mukul Mudgal, Lexisnexis's Law & Sports in India 387 (2nd ed. 2010).

[32] Yash Gupta & Tanya Sinha, Dispute Resolution Mechanism in Sports, 1 GSPR 29, 29 (2020).

[33] Rajiv Dutta v. Union of India, 2016 SCC OnLine Del 265.

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[50] Naz Foundation v. Government of NCT of Delhi, (2009) 6 SCC 712.

[55] Suresh Kumar Koushal and another v. Naz Foundation and others, AIR 2014 SC 563.

[60] Navtej Singh Johar vs Union Of India, AIR 2018 SC 432.

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