INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

“Combating Stereotypes” –Patterns Of Reproductive Justice Of Women With Intellectual Disability. BY - Dr.Asha.J

Authors :Dr.Asha.J

Registration ID : 107944 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7944

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : ashaparvathy08@gmail.com

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EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES IN HOLDING A STATE ACCOUNTABLE UNDER GENOCIDE CONVENTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BY - SUKHADA DHOTE

Authors : SUKHADA DHOTE

Registration ID : 107943 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7943

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : sukhadadhote.student@slsnagpur.edu.in

Page No : 14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-31283743/EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES IN HOLDING A STATE ACCOUN

AN ANALYSIS TOWARDS VICARIOUS LIABILITY OF STATE IN REFERENCE WITH TORTS LAW BY: HITESH SHARMA & MS. PRIYADARSHINI TIWARI

Authors : HITESH SHARMA & MS. PRIYADARSHINI TIWARI

Registration ID : 107941 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7941 & IJLRA7942

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : h.sharma1032@gmail.com

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THE PROSECUTING SEXUAL VIOLENCE AS A WAR CRIME UNDER INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW BY: - JYOTSANA SINGH

Authors : JYOTSANA SINGH

Registration ID : 107940 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7940

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : singhjyotsana002@gmail.com

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Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-42543392/THE PROSECUTING SEXUAL VIOLENCE AS A WAR CRIME UND

STATE, DEVELOPMENT, AND RESISTANCE: THE MAOIST CHALLENGE BY - ABHINAV ANAND

Authors : ABHINAV ANAND

Registration ID : 107939 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7939

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : 2705@cnlu.ac.in

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Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-19922182/STATE, DEVELOPMENT, AND RESISTANCE: THE MAOIST CHA

Gender Neutrality With Special Refernce To Indian Legal System: A Comparative Analysis by - JOY PARIMALA

Authors :JOY PARIMALA

Registration ID : 107938 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7938

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : joyravikondipudi@gmail.com

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Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-27485335/Gender Neutrality With Special Refernce To Indian

Legislations On Gender Equality. by - DR. KHUSHBOO

Authors :DR. KHUSHBOO

Registration ID : 107937 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7937

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : ksharda@pb.amity.edu

Page No : 14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-41323868/Legislations On Gender Equality

Beyond Borders: Rethinking Legal Protection For Climate Migrants In India by - ANAGHA RAMDASS

Authors :ANAGHA RAMDASS

Registration ID : 107936 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7936

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : anagharamdass1647@nuals.ac.in

Page No : 16 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-58745411/Beyond Borders: Rethinking Legal Protection For Cl

Legal Discrimination Against Lgbtqia+ People And Their Rights In Employment by - VIDHI KAPOOR

Authors :VIDHI KAPOOR

Registration ID : 107935 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7935

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : vidhikapoor792@gmail.com

Page No : 11 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-53717889/Legal Discrimination Against Lgbtqia+ People And T

The Constitutional Implications Of The Citizenship Amendment Act (Caa) And National Register Of Citizens (Nrc) In India: Analyzing Recent Developments And Judicial Responses by - DR. C. USHA

Authors :DR. C. USHA

Registration ID : 107934 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7934

Year : Jun-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : drcusha2007@gmail.com

Page No : 17 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2024-13841484/The Constitutional Implications Of The Citizenship

International journal for legal research and analysis

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IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

[1] Dr. Sushama Sharma, Reproductive Rights and women Health: a New Prospective, 4 Inl. Jnl. of Humanities and Social Science Inventions, 2319, 2319 – 7714 (Apr. 2015).

[2] Palguna M& Jagruthi Rao, An Insight In to The Development Of Reproductive Rights Of Women With Special Reference To India, 1 Indique Law Journal 1-1(2023).

[3] Renu Addlakha Mahima Nayar, Disability and Sexuality: Intersectional Analysis in India, Centre for Women’s Development Studies, New Delhi.

Occasional paper No.63 (Aug.2017).

[4] Herring, Jonathan (2021) "The Case for Decriminalization of Abortion 33 Jnl. Of NLU, Delhi 21-38,(2019).

[5] Malavika Parthasarathy, Integrating Mental Health Perspectives in Legal Discourse on Reproductive Justice.

[6] Simi Rose George, Reproductive Rights: A Comparative Study of Constitutional Jurisprudence, Judicial Attitudes and State Policies in India and the U.S, 18 NSLR, 92-103 (Oct.2006).

[7] Joseph shine v. Union of India, (2019)3 SCC 39(India). Nav Tej Johar v. Union of India (2018)10 SCC 1(India), Justice Putta Swami V. Union of India (2017)10 SCC1 (India).

[8] ICPD, held in 1994 in Cairo, helps to highlight the arguments that were made around the abortion debate.

[9] UN Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities was enacted in 2006 and India being a signatory adopted convention to national legislation

[10] Rights of People with Disabilities Act, 2016 , No.49 Act of Parliament 2016,sec.3(1).

[11] Rights of People with Disabilities Act, 2016, No.49 Act of Parliament 2016, Sec.4.

[12] Rights of People with Disabilities Act, 2016, No.49 Act of Parliament 2016, Sec. 6.

[13] The disabilities include physical, mental intellectual and disability resulting from neurological conditions

[14] Rights of People with Disabilities Act, 2016, No.49 Act of Parliament 2016.

[15] The Mental Health Act,2017 NO.10 Act of parliament ,2017,Sec.2(s) .

[16] Dipika Jain & Shampa Sen Gupta, Reproductive Rights and disability Rights through an intersectional analysis, 12 JLR, 337-357(2021).

[17] Debutta Naik et.al, Shortcomings of Mental health Act, 2017, Indian Jnl. of Private Psychiatry 1-2 (2023).

[18] The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971, Act No.34 of 1971.

[19] Ambika Gupta, A critical Analysis of the short comings of MTP (Amendment) Act 2021, 1, VULJ, 86-103,(Nov.2021).

[20] Poorna Sharma v. Union of India, M.A.2157/2023 in W.P(C) No. 1137/2023 (India). X v. Family Welfare Department 2022 SCC Online SC 905(India).

[21] X v. Principal Secretary 2022 SCC Online SC 1321(India)..

[26] Cry For Life society v. Union Of India, W.P(C) No.10130/2013(India).

[27]Gauri Pillai, Shades of Life in Indian Abortion Law, 16 NLSJ, 128-134(2022).

[31] Sharmishta Chakraborthy v. UOI(2018) 4 SCC 289(India).. , Nisha Suresh Alam v. UOI, W.P (S.T)No.36727/2017(India)., A v. UOI (2018)14 SCC 33(India).

[32] Komal Hiwale v. State of Maharastra, (2020) SLP NO.7379 of 2020(India). Akhila .k v. UOI (2021) SCC Online Ker.804 (India).

[1] Stone L. Quantifying the Holocaust: Hyperintense kill rates during the Nazi genocide. Sci Adv. 2019 Jan 2;5(1):eaau7292. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aau7292. PMID: 30613773; PMCID: PMC6314819

[2] General Assembly resolution 96(1) of December 11, 1946

[3] Article I. The Statute of the International Criminal Court.

[4] See., The judgment of the Nuremberg Tribunal [www.yale.edu/lawweb/ avalon/imt/proc/judcont.htm]

[6] Art. VI of the Convention on prevention and Punishment of the crime of Genocide states that ‘[p]ersons charged with genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be tried … by such international penal tribunal as may have jurisdiction with respect to those Contracting Parties which shall have accepted its jurisdiction’.

[7] See Application of Convention on Prevention and Punishment of Crime of Genocide (Croat v Serb.), Judgement, 2015 I.C.J. Rep. 3, 129 (Feb 3)

[9] Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro)

[10] State Responsibility for Complicity in Genocide: The Requirement of Mens Rea, Erika Josefsson

[11] See, e.g., Rep. of the Int’l Criminal Court, 34, U.N. Doc. A/63/323 (Aug. 22, 2008) [hereinafter ICC Report]. The International Criminal Court (ICC) has made two indictments in the case of Darfur, but neither individual has been surrendered to the Court, and one still serves a political position in al-Bashir's administration. See id.; Q & A: Crisis in Darfur, HUM. RTS. WATCH [hereinafter Crisis in Darfur], http://www.hrw.org/ english/docs/2004/05/05/darfur8536.htm (last updated Apr. 25, 2008)

[12] The United Nations first referred the situation in Darfur to the ICC in 2005 through UN Security Council Resolution 1593. S.C. Res. 1593, available at U.N. Doc. S/RES/1593 (Mar. 31, 2005).

[13] Prosecutor v. Al Bashir, Case No. ICC-02/05-01/09, Warrant of Arrest, at 8 (Mar. 4, 2009).

[14] Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court arts. 12-13,July 17, 1998, 2187 U.N.T.S. 90 [hereinafter Rome Statute].

[17] See Laura Trevelyan, UN Urged to Suspend Sudan Case, BBC NEWS (Feb. 16, 2009), http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7892063.stm.

[18] See Zeynep Gurcanli, Sudan Seeks Turkey's Support in UN Security Council to Save al Bashir, HORRrvET DAiLY NEWS & ECON. REv. (Feb. 4, 2009), http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ english/world/10927100.asp?gid=244; see also Al-Bashir Seeks Egypt's Help on Darfur Warrant, NEWSVINE.COM (Feb. 22, 2009), http://www.newsvine.com/-news/2009/02/22/2464187- al-bashir-seeks-egypts-help-on-darfur-warrant.

[21] RESTATEMENT (THIRD) OF FOREIGN RELATIONS LAW § 206(a) (1987)

[22] See Nick Wadhams, Indicted Over Darfur, Sudan's President Feints and Punches Back, TIME (Oct. 21, 2008), http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1852448,00.html.

[24] United Nations. “Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.” UN Audiovisual Library of International Law. 2012.

[25] “Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide” p3

^{^[1]} International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). "Hague Conventions." http://casebook.icrc.org/a_to_z/glossary/hague-conventions.

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^{^[3]} The Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu, ICTR-98-42-T, ¶ 580 (1998).

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^{^[6]} Art. 8, The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[7]} Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda, I.C.J. Reports 2006 (I) 161.

^{^[8]} Melissa Lynch, "The International Criminal Court and Sexual Violence: A Look at the First Ten Years," (2018) https://www.ebsco.com/m/ee/Marketing/titleLists/i3h-coverage.htm.

^{^[9]} Celia Clark & Helen Morrison, "Prosecuting Sexual Violence in Conflict: The Role of the Specialist Chambers in Cambodia and Bosnia," International Review of the Red Cross 92, no. 894 (2010): 821-842, https://international-review.icrc.org/sites/default/files/irrc-894-sexual-violence-in-armed-conflict.pdf.

^{^[10]} Thomas Jarmon, "The Prosecutor's Role in Addressing Conflict-Related Sexual Violence," International Center for Transitional Justice (2008), https://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/women/docs/paper_prosecution_of_sexual_violence.pdf.

^{^[11]} Edited by Mariana Valverde, "Sexual Violence and International Criminal Law: Advancing Accountability Through Effective Investigations," Open Society Justice Initiative (2013), https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/andrew-cuomo-accused-of-sexual-harassment-by-former-aide-in-new-legal-filing/4891875/.

^{^[12]} Edited by William A. Schabas & Sang-Hyun Song, "The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary," International Bar Association (2013), https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/aa0e2b/pdf/.

^{^[13]} International Law Commission, "Draft Conclusions on Identification of Customary International Law," Yearbook of the International Law Commission, vol. 2, part 2 (2001): 8.

^{^[15]} Art. 7, The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[16]} Art. 7.1(a), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[17]} Art. 7.1(c), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[18]} Art. 7.1(g), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[20]} Art. 7.1(k), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[21]} Supra. Art. 7, The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[22]} The Prosecutor vs. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, ICC-01/04-01/06.

^{^[23]} Art. 12, The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf.

^{^[24]} United Nations Security Council. (2014, October 23). Security Council adopts resolution to ease aid delivery to Syrians, https://press.un.org/en/2014/sc11292.doc.htm

^{^[25]} Seelinger, K. T. (2014). Challenges in prosecuting sexual violence in armed conflict under Nigerian law. Scientific Research Publishing.

^{^[26]} International Review of the Red Cross [ICRC]. (2014). Sexual violence in armed conflict. International Review of the Red Cross, 96(894), 427–434.

^{^[27]} Mariana Valverde, ed., Sexual Violence and International Criminal Law: Advancing Accountability Through Effective Investigations (Open Society Justice Initiative, 2013), https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/what-we-do/themes/justice.

^{^[28]} Jarmon, The Prosecutor's Role in Addressing Conflict-Related Sexual Violence, International Center for Transitional Justice (2008), https://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/women/docs/paper_prosecution_of_sexual_violence.pdf, accessed April 1, 2024.

[1] Charu Majumdar, Historic Eight Documents, 13 (Foreign Languages Press 2020).

[2] Jitendra Narayan, Naxalism in Bihar: A Historical perspective, 72, The Indian Journal of Political Science, 1069 (2011).

[3] Rajesh k. Nayak, Naxalism, Private Caste Based Militias and Rural Violence in Cetral Bihar, 73, Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 1303-1304 (2012).

[4] Anand Chakravarti, Caste and Agrarian Class: A View from Bihar, 36, Economic and Political Weekly, 1452 (2001).

[5] Bela Bhatia, Naxalite Movement in Central Bihar, 40, Economic and Political Weekly, 1542 (2005).

[7] Kavita Krishnan, Battle for Justice and Democracy: Laxamanpur-Bathe, 45, Economic and Political Weekly, 10(2013).

[8] Arundhati Roy, Broken Republic: Three Essays, (Penguin Group 2011).

[9] Alpa Shah, The Tensions over Liberal Citizenship in a Marxist Revolutionary Situation: The Maoists in India, Critique of Anthropology, 33 (1) (2013), p. 493.

[10] Azad, Maoists in India: Writings and Interviews, 28 (Foreign Languages Press 2018).

[11] Nandini Sundar, The Burning Forest. India’s War in Bastar, 124 (Juggernaut Publication 2016).

[12] Srishti Chaurasia, YEARS OF OPPRESSION IN THE NAME OF “DEVELOPMENT:” A TALE OF ONGOING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN BASTAR, The Polis Project, (March 14, 2024, 22:06), https://www.thepolisproject.com/read/years-of-oppression-in-the-name-of-development-a-tale-of-ongoing-human-rights-violations-in-bastar/

[13] Santosh Mehrotra, Countering Naxalism with Development 71 (Sage Publications 2014)

[15] Debjeet Sarangi, How Development Excludes Adivasis, The Wire, (March 15, 2024, 22:34), https://thewire.in/rights/how-development-excludes-adivasis

[1] Eckert, Penelope, McConnell Ginet and Sally. Language and Gender. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, (last accessed on Jun 5, 2024).

[2] E. P. Royappa v. State of Tamil Nadu, AIR 1974 SC 555.

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[15] Available at: https://www.firstpost.com/india/sc-dismisses-plea-to-make-sexual-assault-gender-neutralmove-reflects-courts-reluctance-to-view-rape-cases-as-victim-centric-4337983.html, (last accessed on Jun 5, 2024).

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[12] Article 51 a (e) of Indian Constitution: “to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women”.

[17] Article 23 of Indian Constitution: Prohibits the traffic in human beings and forced labor such as begar. The Human Trafficking is the illegal trade in human beings for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation, prostitution or forced labour.

[19] Dr. Anjani Kant, Law Relating to Women and Children, Central Law Publications, Allahabad, 2006.

[1] Francois Gemenne et al, Forced Displacement related to the impacts of Climate Change and Disasters, (Jun.2021), https://www.unhcr.org/people-forced-to-flee-book/wp-content/uploads/sites/137/2021/10/Franc?ois-Gemenne-et-al_Forced-displacement-related-to-the-impacts-of-climate-change-and-disasters.pdf

[2] International Law Commission, Draft Articles on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters, with Commentaries, 2016, ILC Commentary to Article 5 at ¶ 8, www.refworld.org/docid/5f64dc3c4.html

[3] UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Legal considerations regarding claims for international protection made in the context of the adverse effects of climate change and disasters, (Oct.1, 2020) https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2020/en/123356

[4] IPCC (2013), Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Stocker T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley, Cambridge University Press.

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[6] Gauri S Rane, Riddhi Jangam, India’s climate refugees and legal implications, International Journal of Law, 8, 118-122 (2022).

[7] Rafael Leal-Arcas, Climate Migrants: Legal Options, Procedia- Social and Behavioural Sciences,37, 86-96 (2012).

[8] U.N Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Jul. 28, 1951, 189 U.N.T.S 150.

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[11] Sincy Wilson, Recognition of Climate Refugees: What should be India’s stand?, Refugee Law Initiative, (Mar.18,2021), https://rli.blogs.sas.ac.uk/2021/03/18/recognition-of-climate-refugees-what-should-be-indias-stand, 2022

[12] Shreya Singh, Climate Migration and Displacement: Challenges and Responses, Indian Council of World Affairs, (Feb.21, 2024), https://www.icwa.in/show_content.php?lang=1&level=1&ls_id=10542&lid=6710

[13] Ioane Teitiota v. New Zealand, CCPR/C/127/D/2728/2016, UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), (Jan. 2, 2020), https://www.refworld.org/jurisprudence/caselaw/hrc/2020/en/123128.

[14] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Mar. 23, 1976, 189 U.N.T.S 137.

[15] Humanitarian visas: building on Brazil’s experience, Forced Migration Review, https://www.fmreview.org/jubilut-andrade-madureira/

[16] Australia-Tuvalu Falepili Union treaty, Aus.-Tuv., Nov. 9,2023.

[17] Global Report on Internal Displacement 2020, IDMC (Apr.2020)

[18] The Climate Migrants (Protection and Rehabilitation) Bill,2022, Bill No. 160 of 2022 (July 7,2022).

[29] Dina Ionesco, Head of MECC Division at UNIOM, (Jun.6,2019), https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/06/lets-talk-about-climate-migrants-not-climate-refugees/

[30] Hari, Vittal et al., Climate hazards are threatening vulnerable migrants in Indian megacities, Nature Climate Change,11, 636 – 638 (2021).

[1] M. Michelraj, Historical Evolution of transgender Community in India pg. - 17-19, Asian Review of Social Sciences,https://www.trp.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ARSS-Vol.4-No.1-Jan-June-2015-pp.17-19.pdf.

[4] Barelawindia, LGBTQ+ Rights in India: A Comprehensive Legal Guide, BareLaw (August 10, 2023), https://www.barelaw.in/lgbtq-rights-in-india-a-comprehensive-legal-guide/.

[5] Bonnie J. Morris, A Brief History of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender social movements, American psychological Association (March 16, 2023), https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/history.

“Combating Stereotypes” –Patterns Of Reproductive Justice Of Women With Intellectual Disability. BY - Dr.Asha.J

EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES IN HOLDING A STATE ACCOUNTABLE UNDER GENOCIDE CONVENTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BY - SUKHADA DHOTE

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[29] Dina Ionesco, Head of MECC Division at UNIOM, (Jun.6,2019), https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/06/lets-talk-about-climate-migrants-not-climate-refugees/

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