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[1] Alina Bradford ‘What does transgender mean’, available at <https://www.livescience.com/54949-transgender-, definition.html (last seen on 14-09-2022).

[2] National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India & Ors, (2014) 5 SCC 438.

[3] Amral Singh, Study on Transgender Rights, available at https://www.probono-india.in/research-paper-detail.php?id=660, (last seen on 14-09-2022).

[4]M. Michel Raj, Historical Evolution of Transgender Community in India, 4 ASIAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 18, 17-19 (2015).

[5] Shruti Iyer, 'The Third Gender and Indian Law- A Brief history, available at 'https://blog.ipleaders.in/the-third-gender-and-the-indian-law-a-brief-history/, (Last seen on August, 2022).

[6] 'Third sex – Transgenders wants to be treated as a citizen in India Is this too much to ask for ?’ Economic and political weekly ( India, 26 October 2013) 9.

[7] National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India & Ors, (2014) 5 SCC 438.

[8] Navtej Singh Johar.v.Union of India AIR 2014 SC 1863.

[13]Suresh Kumar Koushal and Anr. v. NAZ Foundation, Civil Appeal No. 10972 of 2013 (Supreme Court, 11/12/2013).

[15] Primary Census data for others ( Indian& States UT’s), Census 2011.

[17] The Transgender Person ( Protection& Rights) Bill, 2016.

[18] The Transgender Act (Protection & Rights) 2019.

[19] ‘Why India’s Transgender people are protesting against a bill that claims to protect their rights, available at <https://scroll.in/article/944882/why-indias-transgender-people-are-protesting-against-a-bill-that-claims-to-protect-their-rights>(last seen on 10-09-2022).

[20] ‘Critical Analysis of transgender Bill 2019’, available at <https://www.jatinverma.org/a-critical-analysis-of-the-transgender-persons-bill>(last seen on 10-09-2022).

[22] Writ Petition No. 31091/2013 5^th July 2016.

[23]Mary L. Bonaut ‘Goodridge in Context’(2005) 40 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 1.

[24] Darrick Ing & Tiffany Woods ‘Why Talking About Domestic Violence in the Transgender Community Matters, Transgender Law Center’, available at<https://transgenderlawcenter.org/archives/9392> (last seen on 11-09-2022).

[26] Naomi Choi ‘Rule of law’, available at <https://www.britannica.com/topic/rule-of-law> (last seen on 11-09-2022).

[27] Elliot Kozuch ‘Today in 1973, the APA removed homosexuality from list of Mental Illnesses’, available at <https://www.hrc.org/blog/flashbackfriday-today-in-1973-the-apa-removed-homosexuality-from-list-of-me> (last seen on 12-09-2022).

[31] ‘Know Your Rights, available at <https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/lgbtq-rights/> (last seen on 10-09-2022).

[32]‘Landmark Transgender Law enforced in Denmark, available at '<https://www.equalrightstrust.org/news/landmark-transgender-law-enforced-denmark> (last seen on 10-09-2022).

[33]'Argentina approves Gay marriage, in a first for Region', available <https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/16/world/americas/16argentina.html> (last seen on 10-09-2022).

[34] Gender Identity Law, 2018, available at <https://tgeu.org/argentina-gender-identity-law/> (last seen on 10-09-2022).

[37]Marcela Vainte, 'Latin America: First same-sex marriage in Latin America, available at <https://www.globalissues.org/news/2009/12/29/4060> (last seen on 10-09-2022).

[38] ‘Transgender 2016 Press Release, available at <https://tgeu.org/tdor-2016-press-release/> (last seen on 10-09-2022).

[42]Shamyita Chakarboty, 'Despite social marriage, gay couples still yearn for legal rights, available at '<https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/is-gay-marriage-a-reality-in-india/articleshow/69928813.cms> (last seen on 12-09-2022).

[44] ‘Adult development and Quality of life of Transgender and Gender Nonconformity People <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4809047/> (last seen on 10-09-2022).

[1] Rex v. Almon (1765) Wilmot’s Notes, 243

[2] P.N. Duda v. P. Shiv Shanker 1988 (3) SCR 547

[3] High Court of Allahabad v. State of U.P., AIR 1993 All 211

[4] Crime and Courts Act 2013, Section 33, 2013 c. 22, 2013 (United Kingdom)

[5] Mriganka Shekhar Dutta & Amba Uttara Kak, Contempt of Court: Finding the Limit, 2 NUJS L. Rev. 55, 72 (2009). See also: Sumanta Banerjee, Judging the Judges, 37 EPW. 919, 919 (2002); Yashika Sharma & Arvind Sharma, The Need to Revisit Anachronistic Criminal Contempt Laws in India, Bar and Bench

[6] Romesh Thapper v. State of Madras AIR 1950 SC 124

[7] Reliance Petrochemicals Ltd. v. Indian Express Newspapers Bombay (P) Ltd., (1988) 4 SCC 592

[8] Union of India v. Assn for Democratic Reforms, (2002) 5 SCC 294

[9] C.K. Daphtary v. O.P. Gupta, [(1971) 1 SCC 626

[10] Arundhati Roy v. Unknown, (2002) 3 SCC 343. See also: DC Saxena v. Hon’Ble The Chief Justice Of India, 1996 SCC (7) 21

[11] E.M. Sankaran Namboodripad v. T. Narayanan Nambiar (1970) 2 SCC 325. See also: Brahma Prakash Sharma, Supra note 33

[12] Ashutosh Dubey v. Netflix, Inc., (2020) 268 DLT 271

[13] Scroll Staff, Full text: ‘Jokes not reality, don’t claim to be so,’ says Kunal Kamra in reply to contempt notice, Scroll, https://scroll.in/latest/985407/full-text-jokes-not-reality-dont-claim-to-be-so-says-kunal-kamra-in-reply-to-contempt-notice

[14] D.C. Saxena v. Chief Justice of India, (1996) 5 SCC 216

[15] This proposition is corollary to the Jurisprudence of applying contempt law only in those cases where vilification of a judge is done as a judge, and not as an individual. The rationale being, vilification of a judge as an individual cannot amount to contempt of court, as it does not obstruct the administration of justice; however, on the contrary, vilification of the judge as judge would do so. The key word here is “justice”, not “judge”. This salutary practice is adopted by Section 13 of the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 as confirmed by the court in Baradakanta Mishra v. Registrar of Orissa High Court, (1974) 1 SCC 374 (India). See also: Krishna Iyer, J. in S. Mulgaokar, In re [S. Mulgaokar, In re, (1978) 3 SCC 339 : 1978 SCC (Cri) 402] : (SCC pp. 351-53, paras 29- 30)

[16] Akshita Saxena, How Various High Courts Have Been Monitoring COVID19 Issues In Their Jurisdictions?, livelaw (April. 23, 2021, 9:37 am), https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/how-various-high-courts-have-been-monitoring-covid19-issues-in-their- jurisdictions-172973

[17] Prashant Bhushan, In Re (Contempt Matter), (2021) 3 SCC 223

[18] Mr. Justice Markandey Katju, Contempt of Court: The Need for A Fresh Look, 1 LW (JS) 1 (2007)

[7] Avishek Kumar Dubey, RWA head among 2 booked for killing, relocating stray dogs, TIMES OF INDIA, (February 26, 2019, 7:10 IST)https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/rwa-head-among-2-booked-for-killing-relocating-stray- dogs/articleshow/68160310.cms

[8] Ashok Kumar, 10 street dogs go missing: animal welfare staff, RWA at odds over issue, THE HINDU, (April 05, 2019, 01:51 IST)https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/10-street-dogs-go-missing-animal-welfare-staff-rwa-at-odds-over- issue/article26739205.ece

[9] Ashok Kumar, 10 street dogs go missing: animal welfare staff, RWA at odds over issue, THE HINDU, (April 05, 2019, 01:51 IST) https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/10-street-dogs-go-missing-animal-welfare-staff-rwa-at-odds-over- issue/article26739205.ece

[12] Animal Birth Control (Dogs) Rules, Section 3, 2001

[13] ANIMAL WELFARE BOARD OF INDIA, Guidelines- with respect to Pet & Street Dogs, and their Caregivers, and for Residents’ Welfare Associations and Apartment Owners Associations, February 26 2015, http://www.awbi.org/awbi- pdf/pet_dog_circular_26_2_2015.pdf

[17] Freya Sawbridge, How did the Netherlands manage to become the first country to have no stray dogs, DUTCH REVIEW, (August 18, 2020), https://dutchreview.com/culture/how-did-the-netherlands-manage-to-become-the-first-country-to-have-no- stray-dogs/

[18] Stray Dogs and CNVR (Dog Population Management), STRAY ANIMAL FOUNDATION PLATFORM, http://www.stray- afp.org/cnv

[19] Garima Sharma, In loco Parentis- Legal Maxim, LAW TIMES JOURNAL, (June 10, 2019), http://lawtimesjournal.in/in-loco- parentis/#_ftn1

[20] Financial Express Online, Animal lovers, good news for you! All citizens are ‘parents of the animal’ in this state, FINANCIAL EXPRESS, https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/animal-lovers-good-news-for-you-all-citizens-are-parents-of-the- animal-in-this-state/1232289/

[22] Dr Maya D. Chablani v. Radha Mittal & Ors, MANU/DE/1166/2021

[1] LORI B. GIRISHICK, “WOMAN TO WOMAN SEXUAL VIOLENCE”, North-eastern University Press, 2002

[2] CLAIRE COHEN, MALE RAPE IS A FEMINIST ISSUE, Palgrave Mocmillian, 2014

[3] Deborah Zalesne, “When Men Harass Men Is it Sexual Harassment?”, Vol-7, TEMPLE POLITICAL AND CIVIL RIGHTS LAW REVIEW, 395, 395-416,(1998)

[4] Jennifer L. Berdahl, The Sexual Harassment of Men?, Volume 20, PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY, 527, 527-547,(1996)

[5] Rishabh Chopra, The Case for Gender Neutrality in Rape Laws, THE CITIZENS IN , (24 Aug 2022, 10.35am), https://www.thecitizen.in/life/the-case-for-gender-neutrality-in-rape-laws-333857?infinitescroll=1

[6] Simta Singh, Here's Why India Need Gender Neutral Rape Laws, SHE THE PEOPLE, (June 3, 2022), https://www.shethepeople.tv/top-stories/opinion/gender-neutral-rape-laws/

[7] Anushka Yadav, Gender Neutrality of Rape Laws, Volume-4, Issue-4, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW MANAGEMENT AND HUMANITIES, 2155, 2155-2160,(2021)

[8] Nikunj Kulshrestha, Ought the Rape/sexual Assault law in India be Gender-neutral?, SSRN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL,(19 Aug 2019), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345141374_Ought_the_RapeSexual_Assault_Law_in_India_be_Gender-_Neutral

[9] Priya Nandan, Gender-Neutral Laws in India, Volume 5, Issue 1 LJLMH, 2370, 2370-2341,(2022)

[10] Schilt, K., & Westbrook, ''Gender Normals,'' Transgender People, and the Social Maintenance of Heterosexuality. Gender and Society, 440-464(2009)

[11] Stokes ,Indian law should recognise that men can be raped too, CROLL IN, (Nov. 16, 2022, 6.47 PM), https://scroll.in/article/676510/indias-law-should-recognise%20that-men-can-be-raped-too

[14] Nikunj Kulshrestha, Ought the Rape/sexual Assault law in India be Gender-neutral?, SSRN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL,(19 Aug 2019), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345141374_Ought_the_RapeSexual_Assault_Law_in_India_be_Gender-_Neutral

[15] Navtej Singh Johar v Union of India, (2018) 10 SCC 1

[16] Javaid, A. (2016). Feminism, masculinity and male rape, Journal of Gender studies, 25(3), 283-293

[19] Jessica A Turchik, Myths about Male Rape: A Literature Review, Vol. 13, PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN AND MASCULINITY, 211 211-226( 2012)

[20] Smith, R. M., Parrott, D. J., Swartout, K. M., & Tharp, A. T. Deconstructing hegemonic masculinity: Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 160,(2015)

[21] Stemple L. & Meyer I. H, The sexual victimization of men in America: New data challenge old assumptions. American journal of public health, (2014)

[23] 172nd Law Commission's report, March 25, 2000

[25] Priya Nandan, Gender -neutral Laws In India, Vol. 5, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW MANAGEMENT AND HUMANITIES, 2373, 2370-2381(2022)

[26] Navtej Singh Johar v Union of India (2018) 10 SCC 1

[27] Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act, 2012 ,(POSCO)

[28] Priya Nandan, Gender -neutral Laws In India, Vol. 5, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW MANAGEMENT AND HUMANITIES, 2375, 2370-2381(2022)

[30] Priya Patel v. State of M.P [(2006) 6 SCC 263]

[32] Anushka Yadav, Gender Neutrality of Rape Laws, Vol. 4, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW MANAGEMENT AND HUMANITIES, 2159, 2155-2160, (2021)

[33] Priya Nandan, Gender -neutral Laws In India, Vol. 5, IJLMH, 2376, 2370-2381(2022)

[35] Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, December 2019

[36] Priya Nandan, Gender -neutral Laws In India, Vol. 5, IJLMH, 2377, 2370-2381(2022)

[37] Kohn, S., Is India the Rape Capital of the World (2013)

[38] Sharma, B. R., & Gupta, M, Gender based violence in India: A never-ending phenomenon. Journal of International Women's Studies, 114-123(2013)

[39] Akhila C, “Why Do We Assume That Men Aren't Raped When The Reality Is Far From It?”, YKA (Nov 17, 2022, 1.44 PM) https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2016/06/male-survivors-of-sexual-violence/

[40] Priya Nandan, Gender -neutral Laws In India, Vol. 5, IJLMH, 2376, 2370-2381(2022)

[41] Anushka Yadav, Gender Neutrality of Rape Laws, Vol. 4, IJLMH, 2159, 2155-2160, (2021)

[42] Nikunj Kulshrestha, Ought the Rape/sexual Assault law in India be Gender-neutral?, SSRN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL,(19 Aug 2019), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345141374_Ought_the_RapeSexual_Assault_Law_in_India_be_Gender-_Neutral

[45] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966

[46] International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, 1976

[47] 172^nd Law Commission Report, March 25, 2000

[49] Akshara Nath, INDIA TODAY, Jun 2, 2022, https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/kerala-high-court-rape-gender-neutral-offence-remark-1957494-2022-06-02

[7] The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, No. 14, Acts of Parliament, 2013.

[8] Indian Penal Code, 1860, No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 1949.

[3] Civil Procedure Code, 1908, §-11, No. 05, Acts of parliament, 1949 (India).

[4] Avni Tiwari, Res-judicata and right to information, https://cic.gov.in/sites/default/files/Res, 05-04-2023.

[22] Sandy Gail Nyholm, Administrative Law - Res Judicata - Application of Res Judicata to Agencies with Parallel Jurisdiction, https://digitalcommons.du.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article, 06-04-2023.

[24] Brobston v. Darby Borough, 290 Pa. 331, 138 A. 849 (Pa. 1927)

[25] Lowe v. Haggerty, 283 Pa. 459, 129 A. 457 (Pa. 1925)

[26] Dayrao vs state of Uttar Pradesh, 1961 AIR 1457, 1962 SCR (1) 574.

[1] Ukrainian refugees: Challenges in a welcoming Europe

[2] From, Puneet Pathak, International Humanitarian and Refugee Law | 10. Refugee Protection in India

https://www-ebcreader-com-christuniversityncr.knimbus.com/share/990975572_26_5312-5449

[3] UNHCR, ‘Syria Regional Refugee Response’, Last Updated 31 December 2022, < https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria/location/113>

[5] Turkey, Regulation No. 1994/6169 on the Procedures and Principles related to Possible Population Movements and Aliens Arriving in Turkey either as Individuals or in Groups Wishing to Seek Asylum either from Turkey https://www.refworld.org/docid/49746cc62.html

[6] B Frelick, ‘Barriers to Protection: Turkey’s Asylum Regulations’ (1997) 9 (1) International Journal of Refugee Law 8-34, 12; C Soykan, ‘The new draft law on foreigners and international protection in Turkey’ (2012) 2(2) Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration 38-47

[7] Jabari v Turkey App No 40035/98 (ECtHR, 11 November 2000); Abdolkhani and Karimnia v Turkey App No 30471/08 (ECtHR, 22 September 2009); ZNS v Turkey App No 21896/08 (ECtHR, 19 January 2010).

[9] Abhipsha Gochhayat, Protection of Refugees in India, Pg: -7, 9 Nov 2011 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1957146

[10] How killing of Syrian refugee marks an alarming trend in Turkey https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/12/turkey-news-log-jan-12

[11] Syrian refugees in Turkey fear deportation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gR_T-XMM9M4

children-separated-from-mothers-rohingyas-in-india-fear-detention-deportation-813642)

[13] Shreehari paliath Children Separated From Mothers: Rohingyas in India Fear Detention, Deportation, 19 April 2022 (https://www.indiaspend.com/welfare/children-separated-from-mothers-rohingyas-in-india-fear-detention-deportation-813642)

[14] a. Keshmiri v. Turkey, Appl.36370/08, [fin] 13.07.2012;

b. Abdolkhani ve Karimnia v. Turkey App. 30471/08, 22 September 2009

c. M.B. and Others v. Turkey, Appl.36009/08, 15 June 2010

d. Dbouba v. Turkey, Appl. 15916/09, [fin] 13 October 2010

e. Ghorbanov and Others v. Turkey, Appl. 28127/09, [fin] 3 March 2014

[15] Ktaer Abbas Habib Al Qutaifi and ... vs Union Oo India (Uoi) And Ors. on 12 October 1998

[16] Malavika Karlekar v. Union of India, 1992 SCC Online SC 249

[17] National Human Rights Commission v. State of Arunachal Pradesh, (1996) 1 SCC 742

[18] Bogyi v. Union of India, 1989 SCC Online Gau 229

[19] VIII-Addl. Chief Metropolitan Magistrate v. Digvijaya Mote, 2014 SCC Online Kar 4907

[3] “Animal Sacrifice An Essential Religious Practice': Plea In SC Against Kerala HC Judgment Upholding Law Prohibiting Animals and Birds Sacrifices”, LiveLaw, June 25, 2020, available at: https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/animal-sacrifice-an-essential-religious-practice-plea-in-sc against-kerala-hc-judgment-upholding-law-prohibiting-animals-and-birds-sacrifices-158914

[4] Commissioner of Police v. Acharya Jagadishwarananda Avadhuta, (2004) 12 SCC 770, para. 9.

[5] Gautam Bhatia, “Two cheers for the Supreme Court”, The Hindu, Aug. 14, 2017, available at:
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/two-cheers-for-the-supreme-court/article19547560.ece

[6] Dr. Ismail Faruqui v. Union of India, (1994) 6 SCC 360, para. 78.

[7] Akhil Bharat Goseva Sangh v. State of A.P, (2006) 4 SCC 162, para. 67

[8] Sardar Syedna Taher Saifuddin Saheb v. State of Bombay, AIR 1962 SC 853, para. 17.

[9] Shayara Bano v. Union of India, (2017) 9 SCC 1; Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India, (2018) 1 SCC 791; Joseph Shine v. Union of India, AIR 2018 SC 4898.

[10] The Indian Penal Code, 1862 (Act 45 of 1862), s. 377

[11] M. Karunanidhi v. Union of India, (1979) 3 SCC 431, para. 24

[12] Subhas Bhattacharjee v. State of Tripura, 2019 SCC OnLine Tri 441, para. 127.

[13] Innovative Industries Limited v. ICICI Bank, (2018) 1 SCC 407, para. 42

[14] Girnar Traders v. State of Maharashtra, (2011) 3 SCC 1, para. 187.

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[12] Shreehari paliath Children Separated From Mothers: Rohingyas in India Fear Detention, Deportation, 19 April 2022 (https://www.indiaspend.com/welfare/children-separated-from-mothers-rohingyas-in-india-fear-detention-deportation-813642)

[13] Shreehari paliath Children Separated From Mothers: Rohingyas in India Fear Detention, Deportation, 19 April 2022 (https://www.indiaspend.com/welfare/children-separated-from-mothers-rohingyas-in-india-fear-detention-deportation-813642)

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