INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

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IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

[1] Herbert Wechsler, “The Challenge of a Model Penal Code” 65(7) HLR 1098(1952).

[2] Gene Healy (ed.), Go Directly to Jail xii (Cato Institute, Washington D.C., 2004)

[3] Douglas Husak, Overcriminalization: The Limits of the Criminal law 3(Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008).

[4] Sanford H. Kadish, “The Crisis of Overcriminalization” 374 TAOAAO PASS 157 (1967).

[5] Maninderjit Singh Bitta v. Union of India & ors (2011) 11 SCALE 634.

[9] The contempt of Courts Act, 1971 (Act 70 of 1971).

[10] John Lord Campbell, “The lives of the chief justices of England; from the Norman Conquest till the death of Lord Mansfield” 74(154) TNAR 78 (1852).

[11] Ronald Goldfarbt, “The history of contempt power” 1961(1) WULQ 4 (1961).

[13] John fox, “Nature of contempt of court”37 L.Q.Rev. 191 (1921). Also see, Ronald Goldfarbt, “The history of contempt power”1961(1) WULQ 9(1961).

[15] T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Ashok khot and Anr. (2006) 5 SCC 1.

[16] K.N. Chandrasekharan Pillai, General Principles of Criminal Law 85 (Eastern Book Company, Lucknow, 2011).

[19] D.C. Saxena v. Hon’ble Chief Justice of India, 1996 SCC (7) 216.

[22] John Stuart Mill, On Liberty and Utilitarianism vii (Batman Classic, New York, 1993).

[26] Andrew Ashworth & Jeremy Horder, Principles of Criminal Law 24(Oxford University Press, oxford, 6th edn., 2009).

[27] Nicola Padfiled, Criminal Law 2(Oxford University Press, London, 9^th edn. 2014).

[28] Faizan Mustafa, “SC holds Prashant Bhushan guilty of contempt: what the verdict means” available at: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/prashant-bhushan-supreme-court-contempt-case-verdict-explained-6555183/. (Last visited on December 20, 2021).

[30] Dennis J. Baker (ed.), Glanville Williams Textbook of Criminal Law 182 (Sweet Maxwell, London, 4thedn, 2017).

[31] R.C. Nigam, Law of Crimes in India 92 (Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1965).

[38] The Indian Penal Code, 1860 (Act 45 of 1860) s. 26.

[44] Karan thapar, “court must remember: it is supreme because its final not because its infallible” available at: https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/law-of-contempt-challenged-supreme-court-prashant-bhushan-karan-thapar-6547810/ (last visited on, December 20, 2021). Also refer to Faizan Mustafa, “SC holds Prashant Bhushan guilty of contempt: what the verdict means available at: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/prashant-bhushan-supreme-court-contempt-case-verdict-explained-6555183/. (last visited on, December 20, 2021).

[45] R. v. Commissioner of Police, (1968) 2 QB 150.

[48] The Constitution of India, arts. 129, 215.

[54] In Re: Prashant Bhushan and Anr. Suo Motu Contempt Petition (CRL.) No. 1 of 2020.

[58] Available at: https://www.livelaw.in/sc-judges-press-conference-dark-day-beacon-light/ . (Last visited on, December 20, 2021).The four senior most judges who had a press conference were: J. J Chelameshwar, J. Ranjan Gogoi, J. Kurian Joseph and J. Madan Lokur.

[60] Indirect Tax Practitioners Association v. R.K. Jain, (2010) 8 SCC 281.

[1] DC Comics v. Unlimited Monkey Business, Inc. 598 F. Supp. 110, 118 (N.D. Ga. 1984)

[2] Goldstein, ‘Derivative Rights and Derivative Works in Copyright’ (1982-83) 30 J. COPYRIGHT SOC'Y OF THE U.S.A. 209, 224

[3] Leslie A Kurtz, 'The Independent Legal Lives of Fictional Characters' (1986) 1986 Wis L Rev 429, 474

[4] Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Prods. Co. 514 U.S. (1995)

[5] Benjamin M Arrow, 'Real-Life Protection for Fictional Trademarks' (2010) 21 Fordham Intell Prop Media & Ent LJ 111, 119

[6] Peter Shapiro, 'The Validity of Registered Trademarks for Titles and Characters After the Expiration of Copyright on the Underlying Work (1984) 31 ASCAP Copyright Law Symposium 69, 88-89

[7]Kenneth E Spahn, 'The Legal Protection of Fictional Characters' (1992) 9 U Miami Ent & Sports L Rev 331, 342

[8] Robert E. Anderson, ‘Alternatives to Copyright Law Protection of Graphic Characters: The Lanham Act and Antidilution Statutes’ (1991) 13 HASTINGS COMM. & ENT. L.J. 184

[10] Universal City Studios v. Nintendo Co. 746 F.2d 112 (2d Cir. 1984)

[11] DC Comics, Inc. v. Filmation Assocs. 486 F. Supp. 1273, 1277 (S.D.N.Y. 1980)

[12] Wyatt Earp Enterprises, Inc. v. Sackman, Inc 157 F. Supp. 621 (S.D.N.Y. 1958)

[13] Amanda Schreyer, 'An Overview of Legal Protection for Fictional Characters: Balancing Public and Private Interests' (2015) 6 Cybaris Intell Prop L Rev 50. 66

[14] Patten v. Superior Talking Pictures, 8 F. Supp. 196 (S.D.N.Y. 1934)

[16] Warner Bros. Inc. v. Rooding 1989 WL 76149 at *3-*4 (N.D. Ill. 1989)

[18] Conan Properties, Inc. v. Conans Pizza, Inc. 752 F.2d 145, 148 (5th Cir. 1985)

[19] Warner Bros., Inc. v. Am. Broadcasting Co. 720 F.2d 231, 246 (2d Cir. 1983)

[20] United Features Syndicate v. Sunrise Mold Co. 569 F. Supp. 1475, 1480 (S.D. Fla. 1983)

[21] Kathryn M Foley, 'Protecting Fictional Characters: Defining the Elusive Trademark-Copyright Divide' (2009) 41 Conn L Rev 921, 946

[1] “Administrator General of Bengal v. Prem Lal Mullick, (1894-95) 22 IA 107: ILR (1895) 22 Cal 788 (PC); Mahant Shantha Nand v. Mahant Basudevanand, AIR 1930 All 225 at p. 230 (FB).”

[3] “Sangram Singh v. Election Tribunal, AIR 1955 SC 425 at p. 429: (1955) 2 SCR i at p. 5; Chinnammal v. P. Arumugham, (1990) 1 SCC 513.”

[4] “Hukum Chand Boid v. Kamalanand Singh, ILR (1906) 33 Cal 927.”

[5] “Ganesh Trading Co. v. Moji Ram, (1978) 2 SCC 91 at p. 96; Babu Lal v. Hazari Lal, (1982)”

[6] “Subrata Roy Sahara v. Union of India, (2014) 8 SCC 470; Maria Margarida Sequeira Fernandes v. Erasmo Jack de Sequeira, (2012) 5 SCC 370: (2012) 3 SCC (Civ) 126.”

[8] “See also, the following observations of Lord Denning in Jones v. National Coal Board, (1957) 2 QB 55: (1957) 2 WLR 760 (CA)”: "It's all very well to paint justice blind, but she does better without a bandage round her eyes. She should be blind indeed to favour or prejudice, but clear to see which way lies the truth."

[9] Takwani, C. K. Civil Procedure Code. 1987, https://doi.org/10.1604/9780897717724.( Statements of objects and reasons and amendment act of 104 of 1976; see also Subrata Roy Sahara v. UOI, (2014)4SCC (Civ)424

[10] Takwani, C. K. Civil Procedure Code. 1987, https://doi.org/10.1604/9780897717724.

[13] Takwani, C. K. Civil Procedure Code. 1987, https://doi.org/10.1604/9780897717724.

[15] “Manohar Lal Chopra v. Seth Hiralal, AIR 1962 SC 527: 1962 Supp (1) SCR 450; Padam Sen v. State of U.P., AIR 1961 SC 218: (1961) 1 SCR 884.”

[16] “Hukum Chand Boid v. Kamalanand Singh, ILR (1906) 33 Cal 927.”

[17] Section 151 of civil procedure code,1908 bare act.

[18] “Ss. 121, 122, 125-131; see also, Vareed Jacob v. Sosamma Geevarghese, (2004) 65CC 571”

[19] “Director of Inspection of Income Tax (Investigation) v. Pooran Mal & Sons, (1975) 45CC $68; State of U.P. v. Babu Ram Upadhya, AIR 1961 SC 751 at p. 761: (1961) 2 SCR 679”

[1] Vignesh Radhakrishnan, Data | UAPA, PMLA, Section 153A: Rise in cases, low on convictions (Sep 15, 2022 00:06 AM), UAPA, PMLA, Section 153A: Rise in cases, low on convictions - The Hindu.

[3] K. Venkatramanan, explained | What makes the UAPA so stringent, The Hindu (Sep 19, 2022 09:17AM) https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/explained-what-makes-the-uapa-so-stringent/article61443821.ece.

[4] Section 43D(5) of the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA), 1967.

[5] Shivangi Banerjee, Union of India vs K.A. Najeeb: A Trial Without a Trial, Lawoctopus(Sep 15, 2022, 16:10 PM) https://www.lawctopus.com/academike/case-uoi-v-najeeb/.

[9] Sanyam Agarwal Judgement Analysis: Hussain & Anr. v. Union of India (2017) 5 SCC 702 | Lawsisto Legal News ,(Sep 15, 2022, 16:38 PM) https://lawsisto.com/legalnewsread/OTE5Mg==/Judgement-Analysis-Hussain-Anr-v-Union-of-India-2017-5-SCC-702.

[12] Union Of India vs K.A. Najeeb on 1 February, 2021, Indian Kanoon (Sep, 19 2022, 09:11 AM), https://indiankanoon.org/docfragment/18346623/?formInput=uapa.

[13] Ankit Yadav, Bail under UAPA: A Tough Task, Indian Journal of Law and Public Policy (Sep 14, 2022,23:42 PM), https://ijlpp.com/bail-under-uapa-a-tough-task/.

[14] Bharat Harne Union Of India v K.A. Najeeb – A Ray Of Hope For UAPA Undertrials? Live Law (Sep 24, 2022 23:45 PM) https://www.livelaw.in/columns/supreme-court-uapa-bail-undertrial-prisoners-bail-section-43-d-170167?infinitescroll=1.

[15] Shruti kakkar, SC grants bail to journalist Siddique Kappan; asks him not to 'misuse' his liberty, New Indian Express(Sep 15,00”02 AM), https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/sep/09/sc-grants-bail-to-journalist-siddique-kappan-asks-him-not-to-misuse-his-liberty-2496477.html.

[16] Santanu Borthakur, UAPA: Terror of an anti-terror law,Northeast Now (Sep 15, 2022, 16:30 PM) https://nenow.in/opinion/uapa-terror-of-an-anti-terror-law.html.

[1] James, V. G. (1990). EQUALITY IN GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS. Journal of the Indian Law Institute, 32(2), 201, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4395317

[8] C.K. Achuthan v State of Kerela, 1959 AIR 490.

[10] The constitution of India, Article 16, clause (1); equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.

[11] Kasturilal V State Of Jammu And Kashmir, 1980 AIR 1992.

[13] Punnen Thomas v State of Kerala, AIR 1969 Ker 81.

[14] Erusian Equipment and Chemicals Ltd. v State of West Bengal, (1975) I.S.C.C. 70.

[15] Singh, R. K. (2017). Adjudicating the Public-Private Law Divide: The Case of Government Contracts in India. Verfassung Und Recht in Übersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America, 50(1), 54–74. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26429200

[20] India Thermal Power ltd v State of MP Appeal (civil) 1140-43 of 2000.

[21] State Of Harayana V Lal Chand AIR 1984 SC 1326.

[27] As per Article 32 and 226 of the Constitution of India

[28] Tata Cellular v Union of India, (1994) 6 SCC 651

[31] In Natural Resources Allocation, Re, (2012) 10 SCC 1.

[34] Seth Bhikraj Jaipuria V Union of India, AIR 1962 SC 113.

[35] K.P. Chowdhary v State Of Madhya Pradesh, 1967 AIR 203.

[38] Seth Bhikraj Jaipuria V Union of India, AIR 1962 SC 113.

[39] Nirod Baran Banerjee V Dy Commissioner of Hazaribagh, AIR 1963 SC 113.

[40] Government of India Act, 1935; Section 175(3).

[45] Mulamchand v State of Madhya Pradesh, AIR 1968 SC 1218.

[47] Alan W. Mewett, (1959), The Quasi – Contractual Liability of Governments, UTPLJ, 13(1), 58.

[50] The Crown Proceedings Act, 1947, Section 4(1)

[51] Feather v The Queen, (1886) 6 B. & S. 257, 294.

[52] This view was upheld in the case of Anglo Saxon Petroleum Company v Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, (1947) 1 K.B. 794, 801-2.

[53] United Australia Limited v Barclays Bank Limited, (1941) A.C. 1

[54] State of Haryana v Lai Chand, A.I.R. 1984 S.C. 132.

[55] State Of West Bengal V B.K Mondal and Sons, AIR 1962 SC 779.

[56] The Government of India Act, 1935, Section 175(3).

[1] Farzana Batool v. UOI (Writ Petition No. 364 of 2021)

[2] https://www.right-to-education.org/page/international-law#:~:text=The%20Universal%20Declaration%20of%20Human%20Rights%20(UDHR)%2C%20adopted%20in,against%20Discrimination%20in%20Education%20(1960) [last visited on September 18, 2022]

^{^[4]} https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2021/7470/7470_2021_36_32_27430_Order_09-Apr-2021.pdf [last visited on September 15, 2022]

^{^[5]} https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2021/7470/7470_2021_36_32_27430_Order_09-Apr-2021.pdf [last visited on September 15, 2022]

[1] History of Indian Patent System | Intellectual Property India | Government of India. [ONLINE]. Available at: https://ipindia.gov.in/history-of-indian-patent-system.htm.

[2] Patents - An Important Tool for Pharmaceutical Industry. | Open Access Journals. 2022. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.rroij.com/open-access/patents--an-important-tool-for-pharmaceutical-industry-.php?aid=34351.

[4] Shivangi Mittal. 2022. Why the TRIPS waiver is unlikely to solve India’s Covid-19 vaccine shortage. [ONLINE] Available at: https://theprint.in/opinion/why-the-trips-waiver-unlikely-to-solve-indias-covid-19-vaccine-shortage/653979/.

[5] Article 30: Exceptions to Rights Conferred, Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.

[6] Johns Hopkins, Bloomberg School of Public Health. 2022. WTO TRIPS Waiver for COVID-19 Vaccines [ONLINE] Available at: https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2021/wto-trips-waiver-for-covid-19-vaccines.

[7] BYJUS, 2022. TRIPS Waiver for COVID-19 Vaccine: RSTV – Big Picture Analysis for UPSC IAS exam. [ONLINE] Available at: https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/trips-waiver-for-covid-19-vaccine-rstv-big-picture/.

[10] Article 31: Other Use Without Authorization of the Right Holder, Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.

[11] Report of the WHO Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health, PUBLIC HEALTH: INNOVATION AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, April 2006, p. 136.

[12] Junaid Subhan, Scrutinized: The TRIPS Agreement and Public Health; Archive of "McGill Journal of Medicine : MJM". - PMC. 2022. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/602/.

[13] V.K. Ahuja, Human Rights and Intellectual Property Rights in Gurdip Singh and V.K. Ahuja, HUMAN RIGHTS IN 21st CENTURY: CHANGING DIMENSIONS (New Delhi, 2012) p. 677.

[14] Patentskart. 2022. Importance of Patents in the Pharmaceutical Industry - Patentskart. [ONLINE] Available at: https://patentskart.com/importance-of-patents-in-the-pharmaceutical-industry/.

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