INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

LEGAL ASPECTS OF ANIMAL TESTING UNDER CLINICAL TRIALS BY - AISHWARYA PRABHU

Authors: AISHWARYA PRABHU

Registration ID: 101970 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1970

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: aishwaryaprabhu14@gmail.com

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DWARKINS THEORY OF MORAL INTEGRITY OF LAW BY - PARASA TANMAYEE

Authors: PARASA TANMAYEE

Registration ID: 101969 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1969

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: tanmayee.parasa@dsnlu.ac.in

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RULE OF LAW: A DETAILED ANALYSIS BY - HIMANSHU

Authors: HIMANSHU

Registration ID: 101968 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1968

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: HIMANSHU.SHARMA9519@GMAIL.COM

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PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE BY - DR. NAMRATA GUPTA

Authors: DR. NAMRATA GUPTA

Registration ID: 101967 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1967

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: namrata.allu@gmail.com

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RESEARCH ON INDIAN PRISON PROBLEM: A LEGAL ANALYSIS BY – TEKCHAND

Authors: TEKCHAND

Registration ID: 101966 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1966

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: tekchand912@gmail.com

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CHALLENGES FOR ARBITRATION INDIA BY - POORVA CHAWLA

Authors: POORVA CHAWLA

Registration ID: 101965 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1965

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: ankit.sh0990@gmail.com

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ABETMENT BY INSTIGATION, CONSPIRACY, AND AIDING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BY - JATIN VERMA & SADHANA

Authors: JATIN VERMA & SADHANA

Registration ID: 101963 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1963 & IJLRA1964

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: vermajatin803@gmail.com & shalukumari66161@gmail.com

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ELECTORAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN INDIAN DEMOCRACY BY - GURLEEN KAUR

Authors: GURLEEN KAUR

Registration ID: 101962 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1962

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: gurleenkaur.law@gmail.com

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PLEA BARGAINING– A CATALYST OR CATASTROPHE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM? BY - HRISHI KAPADIA

Authors: HRISHI KAPADIA

Registration ID: 101961 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1961

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: hrishi.r.kapadia@gmail.com

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JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION OVER THE REJECTION OF PATENT APPLICATION WITH REFERENCE TO NOVARTIS AG v. UOI & Others BY - MS. G. BOWSHI LATHA & MS. RAMYA R

Authors: MS. G. BOWSHI LATHA & MS. RAMYA R

Registration ID: 101959 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1959 & IJLRA1960

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: bowshi.latha@cmr.edu.in & bowshi1998@gmail.com

Page No :16 | No of times Downloads: 0065

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International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

Accessibility:Open Access

License:Creative Commons 4.0

Submit Manuscript:Click here

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All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

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[8] Draft Prevention of Cruelty to Animal (Amendment) Bill-2022, 24 Nov 2022, https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/draft-prevention-of-cruelty-to-animal-amendment-bill 2022#:~:text=Recently%2C%20the%20Government%20has%20introduced,Fisheries%2C%20Animal%20Husbandry%20and%20Dairying. last seen on 03/12/2022.

[9] Draft for amendment to Prevention of Cruelty to Animal Act ready, public comments sought: 3-year jail for gruesome cruelty, 5 for killing, Updated on November 24, 2022, The Free Press Journal, https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/draft-for-amendment-to-prevention-of-cruelty-to-animal-act-ready-public-comments-sought-3-year-jail-for-gruesome-cruelty-5-for-killing , last seen on 03/12/2022.

[10]Animals are not ours, Peta, https://www.peta.org/about-peta/learn-about-peta/, last seen on 03/12/2022.

[11] Cosmetics Testing Ban on Animals Now Permanent, May 24,2014, Peta, https://www.petaindia.com/blog/cosmetics-testing-banned-on-animals/.

[12] Regarding CPCSEA Guidelines, Chapter on Animal Welfare, https://www.pci.nic.in/pdf/15.pdf.

[13]Ambika Hiranandani, Animal rights: Legislation is not enough, September 3, 2019, idr, https://idronline.org/animal-rights-legislation-is-not-enough/.

[14] History of Animal Testing in new PETA Exhibit, ‘Without Consent’, PETA, https://withoutconsent.peta.org/, last seen on 03/12/2022.

[16] Kakoli8 Nath, Landmark Cases and Laws, Finology Blog, https://blog.finology.in/Legal-news/animal-rights-india, last seen on 03/12/2022.

[18] Jis John Sebastian, Protection of Animals: Important Laws in India, last updated on September 24, 2022, ClearIAS, https://www.clearias.com/protection-of-animals/.

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India, 17, 24.

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[15] Attakoya Thangal vs Union of India, A.I.R. 1990 K.L.T. 580.

[16] M.C Mehta vs Kamalnath [1997], 1 S.C.C. 388.

[17] 18 M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath, (1997) 1 SCC 388.

19 Id.

20 Id.

21 Id

[18] M.I. Builders Pvt. Ltd. v. Radhey Shyam Sahu [1999], S.C.C. 464.

[19] Shailesh R. Shah v. State of Gujarat, 2002 SCC OnLine Guj 164 : (2002) 43 (3) GLR 2295.

[20] 22 M.I. Builders (P) Ltd. v. Radhey Shyam Sahu, (1999) 6 SCC 464.

23 Fomento Resorts & Hotels Ltd. v. Minguel Martins, (2009) 3 SCC 571.

24 Id.,32.

25 Reliance Natural Resources Ltd. v. Reliance Industries Ltd., (2010) 7 SCC 1. 26 The Constitution of India, Art. 297 (‘Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union’. In the given case Art. 297 (1) was interpreted which states that. “(1) All lands, minerals and other things of value underlying the ocean within the territorial waters, or the continental shelf, or the exclusive economic zone, of India shall vest in the Union and be held for the purposes of the Union.” Here ‘vest in the Union’ was interpreted to mean that the Central Government held the natural resources as a trustee on behalf of the people at large and the right and responsibilities of such trusteeship could not be abdicated in favour of private corporate interests)

[21] 27 Shailesh R. Shah v. State of Gujarat, 2002 SCC OnLine Guj 164 : (2002) 43 (3) GLR 2295.

28 B.M.Gandhi, Equity, Trusts And Specific Relief13, 208-209 (2001).

29 Ramaswamy R. Iyer, Why a National Water Framework Law, The Hindu (Chennai) January 7, 2013.

30 Id. 31 Planning Commission, The Draft National Water Framework Act, available at http://www. planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp12/wr/wg_wtr_frame.pdf (Last visited on August 15, 2015). 32 Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, Report of the Committee for the Drafting of National Water Framework Law, 2013, available at http://www.indiaenvironmentportal. org.in/files/file/national%20water%20framework%20law.pdf (Last visited on August 15, 2015). 33 The Constitution of India, Schedule VII, List II, Entry 17. 34 The Constitution of India, Schedule VII, List I, Entry 5. 35 The Constitution of India, Art. 252(1) (‘Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State’ states that ‘(1) I it appears to the Legislatures of two or more States to be desirable that any of the matters with respect to which Parliament has no power to make laws or the States except as provided in Articles 249 and 250 should be regulated in such States by Parliament by law, and if resolutions to that effect are passed by all the House of the Legislatures of those States, it shall be lawful for Parliament to pass an Act for regulating that matter accordingly, and any Act so passed shall apply to such States and to any other State by which it is adopted afterwards by resolution passed in that behalf by the House or, where there are two Houses by each of the Houses o the Legislature of that State). 36 The Alagh Bill, 2016, §1(2); The Iyer Bill, 2013, Part 2.

[22] David Takacs, The Public Trust Doctrine, Environmental Human Rights and the Future of

Private Property,717 New York University Environmental Law Journal(2008)

39 The Iyer Bill, 2013, Part 2 (“Common property resource” means a resource owned in common by a village or group or community, as distinguished from private ownership or ownership by the state). 40 The Alagh Bill, 2016, §2(xxiv); The Iyer Bill, 2013, Part 2

The Iyer Bill, 2013, Part 5

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[1] 3^rd Year Student at MIT WPU School of Law, Pune

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^{^[1]} Liu, Jodie, Compulsory Licensing and Anti-Evergreening: Interpreting the TRIPS Flexibilities in Section 84 and 3(d) of the Indian Patent Act, Vol. 56, HARVARD INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL 207, 207-228 (2015).

^{^[2]} https://www.iralr.in/post/efficacy-in-pharmaceutical-products-novartis-ag-v-union-of-india

^{^[3]} Oke, Emmanuel Kolawole, The Indian Novartis Case: Finding the Right Balance between Access and Innovation (August 28, 2013).

^{^[4]} Thambisetty, Siva, Novartis v Union of India and the Person Skilled in the Art: A Missed Opportunity (September 19, 2013).

^{^[5]} Kumar, Shanti and Shukla, Nitin and Sangal, Tanushree, Evergreening of Patents and Indian Patents Law (June 15, 2009).

^{^[6]} Chandru, Ajay and Gokhale, Gowree, Novartis Indian Supreme Court Judgment: what is efficacy for pharmaceutical invention? Vol.2, MANUPATRA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REPORTS 165, 165-172 (May 2013).

^{^[7]} Arcuri, Alessandra and Castro Bernieri, Rosa Julieta, How Innovative is Innovative Enough? Reflections on the Interpretation of Article 27 TRIPS from Novartis v. Union of India, SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW (SIEL) INAUGURAL CONFERENCE 2008 PAPER (July 14, 2008).

LEGAL ASPECTS OF ANIMAL TESTING UNDER CLINICAL TRIALS BY - AISHWARYA PRABHU

DWARKINS THEORY OF MORAL INTEGRITY OF LAW BY - PARASA TANMAYEE

RULE OF LAW: A DETAILED ANALYSIS BY - HIMANSHU

PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE BY - DR. NAMRATA GUPTA

RESEARCH ON INDIAN PRISON PROBLEM: A LEGAL ANALYSIS BY – TEKCHAND

CHALLENGES FOR ARBITRATION INDIA BY - POORVA CHAWLA

ABETMENT BY INSTIGATION, CONSPIRACY, AND AIDING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BY - JATIN VERMA & SADHANA

ELECTORAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN INDIAN DEMOCRACY BY - GURLEEN KAUR

PLEA BARGAINING– A CATALYST OR CATASTROPHE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM? BY - HRISHI KAPADIA

JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION OVER THE REJECTION OF PATENT APPLICATION WITH REFERENCE TO NOVARTIS AG v. UOI & Others BY - MS. G. BOWSHI LATHA & MS. RAMYA R

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