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IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

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[11] Comptroller & Auditor-General v. Kamlesh Vadilal Mehta (2003) 2 SCC 349.

[12]V. Subramaniam v. Rajesh Raghuvandra Rao (2009) 5 SCC 608.

[24] S.V. Chandra Pandian and Others vs. S.V. Sivalinga Nadar and Others 1993 SCC (1) 589.

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[1] Ajit Mohan & Ors. v Legislative Assembly, NCT of Delhi AIR 2021 SC 3346.

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[4] Sneha Kalita vs. Union Of India and Anr. MANU/SCOR/46460/2017

[5] Preamble of The Information Technology Act, 2000.

[6] Rules 7 of the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules,

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[7] Transport & Dock Workers Union v. Mumbai Port Trust, (2011) 2 SCC 575.

[8] Khandig Sham Bhat v. Agrl. ITO, AIR 1963 SC 591.

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[27] The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005.

[28] The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989.

[29] “The Act of 2005 Protecting Women from Domestic Violence”.

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[1] Bruce Lehman, the Pharmaceutical Industry and the Patent System (International Intellectual Property Institute, 2003), 2–14.

[2] Basma Ibrahim, Implications of WTO?TRIPS Agreement from a National Innovation Systems Perspective (The School of Public Policy and Administration, 2003).

[3] Thomas Cottier, The Doha Waiver and its Effects on the Nature of the TRIPS System and on Competition Law: The Impact of Human Rights, Swiss National Centre of competence in Research. Working Paper no. 2006.

[4] Talat Chaudhay and Arshi Chaudhary Faculty of Law, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi India

& Department of Pharmacology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi India, J World Intellect Prop. 2021 Nov; 24(5-6): 447–454.

[5] Prabhas Ranjan, the Case for Waiving Intellectual Property Protection for Covid?19 Vaccines (Observer Research Foundation, 2021).

[6] Ronald Lobante and Mira Johri, COVID?19 Drug and Vaccine Patents Are Putting Profit Before People (2020).

[7] Jessica L Greenbaum, 'Trips and Public Health: Solutions for Ensuring Global Access to Essential AIDS Medication in the Wake of Paragraph 6 Wake of paragraph 6 Waiver' (2008) 25 JCHLP 142.

[8] Donald Harris, 'TRIPS After Fifteen Years: Success or Failure, as Measured by Compulsory Licensing' (2011) 18 JIPL. 369.

[9] Haochen Sun, 'The Road to Doha & Beyond: Some Reflection on TRIPS Agreement and access to Public Health' (2004) 15 EJIL 123.

[10] Benjamin Coriat, Fabienne Orsi and Cristina d'Almeida, 'TRIPS and the International Public Health Controversies: Issues and Challenges' (2006) 15 ICC 1033.

[13] Weinian Hu, Compulsory Licensing and Access to Future COVID 19 Vaccines, CEPS Research Report no. 2020 (2020).

[14] Benjamin Coriat, Fabienne Orsi and Cristina d'Almeida, 'TRIPS and the International Public Health Controversies: Issues and Challenges' (2006) 15 ICC 1033.

[15] Frederick M Abbott, 'The Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health' (2002) 5 JIEL 469.

[17] Kenneth C Shadlen, Patents and Pills, Power and Procedure: The North?South Politics of Public Health in the WTO, Studies in Comparative International Development (Vol. 39, 2002).

[18] Emmanuel Kolawole Oke, THE WAIVER OF THE TRIPS AGREEMENT FOR COVID-19 AT THE WTO: A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS, Lecturer in International Intellectual Property Law, Edinburgh Law School, University of Edinburgh.

[19] Bradly Condon and Tapen Sinha, 'Global Diseases, Global Patents and Differential Treatment in WTO Law: Criteria for Suspending Patent Obligations in Developing Countries' (2006) 26 NJILB 1.

[20] Alan O Sykes, TRIPs, Pharmaceuticals, Developing Countries, and the Doha "Solution", John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics Working Paper No. 140 (2002).

[21] Kenneth C Shadlen, 'Patents and Pills, Power and Procedure: The North?South Politi of Public Health in the WTO' (2004) 39 SCID 76.

[22] Salla Sariola, 'Intellectual Property Rights Need to be Subverted to Ensure Global Vaccine Access' BMJ GHJ .

[23] Sushil Vachani and N. Craig Smith, Lessons from Pricing of AIDS Drugs in Developing Countries. Working Paper No. 03?703b. London Business School (2004).

[24] Human Rights Watch, Seven Reasons the EU is Wrong to Oppose the TRIPS Waiver (2021).

[25] Richard Wilder and Eric M Solovy, The Development of Medicines for Developing Country Diseases: The Role of Intellectual Property. WIPO (2004).

[26] Medicines Sans Fronteires (MSF), Access Campaign. WTO COVID?19 TRIPS Waiver Proposal (2021).

[27] Ashok Dhingra, Waiver Under TRIPS Agreement Needed More Urgently Now (2021).

[29] Guy Martin, TRIPS Waiver: Is the US Backing a Cause For Concern For Pharma? The Pharmaletter (2021).

[30] Art Gonzales, The TRIPS waiver on Covid?19 Pharmaceuticals and the Big Pharma (2021).

[31] Catherine Saez, Main Recommendations of UN High?Level Panel on Access to Medicines Presented at WTO (2017).

[32] Alan O Sykes, TRIPs, Pharmaceuticals, Developing Countries, and the Doha "Solution", John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics Working Paper No. 140 (2002).

[33] Correa (n 13) 3; Yousuf Vawda, ‘The TRIPS COVID-19 Waiver, Challenges for Africa and Decolonizing Intellectual Property’ (South Centre, Policy Brief No 99, 2021).

[34] Thambisetty, McMahon, McDonagh, Kang and Dutfield (n 13) 399.

[35] Frederick Abbott, The TRIPS Agreement Article 73 Security Exceptions and the COVID-19 Pandemic (South Centre, Research Paper No 116, 2020) 21; Carlos Correa, ‘COVID-19 Pandemic: Access to Prevention and Treatment Is a Matter of National and International Security’ (South Centre, 4 April 2020).

[36]. Peter K Yu, ‘Modalities, Challenges, and Possibilities: An Introduction to the Pharmaceutical Innovation Symposium’ (2021) 7 Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 1, 11.

[37] D Ravi Kanth, ‘WTO: US Storms Out from Discussions on WTO Response to Pandemic’ (TWN Info Service on WTO and Trade Issues, 8 June (2022).

[38]World Intellectual Property Organization, COVID-19-Related Vaccines and Therapeutics: Preliminary Insights on Related Patenting Activity During the Pandemic (Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization 2022.

[39] Peter K Yu, ‘Deferring Intellectual Property Rights in Pandemic Times’ (2023) 74 Hastings Law Journal.

[40] Jean-Frédéric Morin and E Richard Gold, ‘Consensus-seeking, Distrust and Rhetorical Entrapment: The WTO Decision on Access to Medicines,’ (2010) 16(4) European Journal of International Relations 563, 566.

[41] Communication from India and South Africa, ‘Waiver from Certain Provisions of the Trips Agreement for the Prevention, Containment and Treatment of Covid-19’ (2 October 2020) IP/C/W/669 accessed 21 May 2021.

[42] Minutes of the Meeting: Held in the Centre William Rappard from 2 to 5 April 2001, WTO Doc IP/C/M/30 (1 June 2001) (paras 229–52) (Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights).

[43] D Gervais, The TRIPS Agreement: Drafting History and Analysis (London, Sweet and Maxwell 2003) pp 32–43.

[46] Ministerial Declaration, WTO Doc WT/MIN(01)/DEC/1 (20 November 2001) (Para 17) (Ministerial Conference, Fourth Session, Doha, 9–14 December 2001).

[47] Doha WTO Ministerial 2001: TRIPS WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2, “Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (Adopted 14 November 2001)” (WTO, 20 November 2001).

[48] WTO: 2017 News Item, “WTO IP Rules Amended to Ease Poor Countries’ Access to Affordable Medicines” (WTO, 23 January 2017) <https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news17_e/trip_23jan17_e.htm> (last accessed 16 July 2021).

[49] W New, “It’s Official: TRIPS Health Amendment In Effect, First Ever to a WTO Agreement” (Intellectual Property Watch, 23 January 2017) <https://www.ip-watch.org/2017/01/23/official-trips-health-amendment-effect-first-ever-wto-agreement/> (last accessed 12 July 2021).

[50] Communication from India and South Africa (n 8).

[53] USTR, “Statement from Ambassador Katherine Tai on the COVID-19 TRIPS Waiver,” press release, May 5, 2021.

[54] European Commission, “EU Proposes a Strong Multilateral Trade Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic,” press release, June 4, 2021.

[55] WTO, DG, “Director-General Okonjo-Iweala Hails Breakthrough on TRIPS COVID-19 Solution,” press release, March 16, 2022.

[56] WTO, “Members Updated on High-Level Talks Aimed at Finding Convergence on IP COVID-19 Response,” press release, March 10, 2022.

[57] WTO, TRIPS Council, “Communication from the Chairperson,” IP/C/W/688, May 3, 2022.

[58] WTO, General Council, “Members Welcome Quad Document as Basis for Text-Based Negotiations on Pandemic IP Response,” May 10, 2022.

[59] WTO, “Ministerial Decision on the TRIPS Agreement” (adopted on June 17, 2022), WT/MIN(22)/30, WT/L/1141, June 22, 2022.

[61] WTO, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Article IX.

[62] Compulsory licensing v the IP waiver: what is the best way to end the COVID-19 pandemic? the South Centre policy brief by Olga Gurgula

[63] Compulsory licensing v the IP waiver: what is the best way to end the COVID-19 pandemic? the South Centre policy brief by Olga Gurgula

[64] See, e.g., Carlos M. Correa, Nirmalya Syam and Daniel Uribe, ‘Implementation of a TRIPS Waiver for Health Technologies and Products for COVID-19: Preventing Claims Under Free Trade and Investment Agreements’ (September 2021) the South Centre Research Paper 135. Available _Implementation-of-a-TRIPS-Waiver-for-Health-Technologies-and-Products-forCOVID-19_EN.pdf.

[1] Will Kelton, Bid Rigging, INVESTOPEDIA (October 14, 2021), Bid Rigging Definition (investopedia.com)

[2] ‘CCI issues order against firms guilty of bid-rigging and cartelization’ Business Standard

/www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/cci-issues-order-against-firms-guilty-of-bid- rigging-and-cartelization-121110100395_1.html>.

[4] The Competition Act, 2002, No. 13, Acts of Parliament, 2002 (India)

[5] Estate R, ‘FCI tender: CCI issues cease and desist order against firms found guilty of bid rigging and cartelisation’ BUSINESSLINE /www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/fci-tender-cci-issues-cease-and- desist-order-against-firms-found-guilty-of-bid-rigging-and-cartelisation/article37279244.ece>.

[8] In Re: Food Corporation of India, Ref. Case No. 07 of 2018.

[12] ‘CCI issues cease and desist order against six firms guilty of bid rigging and cartelization in FCI tender’ Indiainfoline /www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/cci-issues-cease-and-desist-order-against- six-firms-guilty-of-bid-rigging-and-cartelization-in-fci-tender-121110200296_1.html>.

[13] The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, C 326/49 (1957).

[15] iPleaders. 2021. Bid rigging in public procurement sector : a comparative analysis of India and EU - iPleaders. [online] Available at: analysis-of-india-and-eu/> [Accessed 18 November 2021].

[1] See Holiday Inns S.A. and others v. Morocco, ICSID Case No. ARB/72/1, Decision on Jurisdiction (May 12, 1974); P. Lalive, The First ‘World Bank’ Arbitration – Some Legal Problems, 51 BRITISH YEARBOOK INT’L. L. 123, 130 (1980)

[2] See ICSID, THE ICSID CASELOAD- STATISTICS (ISSUE 2017-1) 9 (2017)

[3] Gus Van Harten, supra note 10; Uma Kollamparambil, supra note 12

[4] M. H. Mourra, The Conflicts and Controversies in Latin American Treaty-Based Disputes, in LATIN AMERICAN INVESTMENT TREATY ARBITRATION 60

[5] Fiezzoni, supra note 11, 137 (As of November 14, 2017, Nicaragua is a contracting State of the ICSID Convention.)

[6] Leon E. Trakman, The ICSID Under Siege, 45 CORNELL INT'L L.J. 603, 666 (2013) [hereinafter “Trakman”]; Sergey Ripinsky, Venezuela’s Withdrawal From ICSID: What it Does and Does Not Achieve (Apr. 13, 2012),

[7] Fernando Aguirre, Bolivia in LATIN AMERICAN INVESTMENT PROTECTION 65 (Jonathan C. Hamilton eds., 2012).

[8] See Corporate Europe Observatory & the Transnational Institute, PROFITING FROM INJUSTICE HOW LAW FIRMS, ARBITRATORS AND FINANCIERS ARE FUELLING AN INVESTMENT ARBITRATION BOOM (Nov. 2012)

[9] 6 Babiy, Larisa et. al., Should Mexico Join the ICSID? THE GRADUATE INSTITUTE, GENEVA, CENTRE FOR TRADE AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION 6 (2012).

[10] ICSID, Rules of procedure for Arbitration proceedings, rule 37 in ICSID CONVAENTION, REGULATIONS AND RULES

[1] THE USE OF FORCE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW (The Open University 2019).

[2] HIGGINS A. PEARCE, OXFORD, THE CLARENDON PRESS (8th ed. 1924).

[3] Natalia Ochoa-Ruiz* and Esther Salamanca-Aguado, Exploring the Limits of International Law relating to the Use of Force in Self-defence, 16 EJIL 1, (2005), http://ejil.org/pdfs/16/3/306.pdf.

[4] JOACHIM VON ELBE, THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF THE JUST WAR IN INTERNATIONAL LAW (Routledge 2012).

[5] Sebastian Heselhaus, International Law and the Use of Force , ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (APRIL 13, 2023, 9:29 PM), https://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c14/E1-36-01-02.pdf.

[7] Yale Law School LILLIAN GOLDMAN LAW LIBRARY, https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/kbpact.asp (last visited April 14, 2023).

[8] CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS, 1945, § 2(3), STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE, 1945 (San Francisco).

[9] CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS, 1945, § 2(4), STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE, 1945 (San Francisco).

[11] CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS, 1945, art. 39 § 51, STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE, 1945 (San Francisco).

[12] Ananya, Use of Force in International Law, LEGAL SERVICE INDIA E-JOURNAL (April 14, 2023, 7:25 PM), https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-1742-use-of-force-in-international-law.html.

[13] CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS, 1945, § 51, STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE, 1945 (San Francisco).

[14] Terry D. Gill, REMARKS ON THE LAW RELATING TO THE USE OF FORCE IN THE UKRAINE CONFLICT, Lieber Institute Westpoint -Articles of War (Mar. 9, 2022), https://lieber.westpoint.edu/remarks-use-of-force-ukraine-conflict/.

[15] 10 facts you should know about Russian military aggression against Ukraine, Ministry of Foregin Affairs of Ukraine (Dec. 19, 2019, 05:40 PM), https://mfa.gov.ua/en/10-facts-you-should-know-about-russian-military-aggression-against-ukraine.

[16] 24 Srinivas Burra, Asian Yearbook of International Law 106-127 (Brill 2020).

[1] LLM, 2nd year, ?Tamilnadu Dr. Ambedkar University, Perungudi, e-mail: haripriya.asha98@gmail.com

[2] Dreze, Jean and Goyal, Aparajita (2003): Future of Mid-Day Meals. Published in: Economic and Political Weekly , Vol. 38, No. 44 (2003): pp. 4673-4683.

9 Jithendra, V.K. (2013). Midday meal scheme: A study on its implementation and effectiveness in government primary

schools of Kanpur district. International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature, 1(7), 25-31

[3] Motkuri, V. (2009). Reaching out of noon meal scheme in India. Indian Journal of Social Work, 70(3),437-448

[4] Motkuri, V. (2009). Reaching out of noon meal scheme in India. Indian Journal of Social Work, 70(3),437-448

[1] United National Office of High Commissioner, United Nations Human Rights, Women and the right to adequate housing Special Rapporteur on the right to adequate housing, available at https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-housing/women-and-right-adequate-housing last visited on 10/07/2022

[2] Jugal Kishore Misra,” Empowerment of Women in India”, Vol. 67, The Indian Journal of Political Science pp. 867 No.4 (OCT. - DEC., 2006).

[3] Eileen Hunt Botting and Christine Carey, “Wollstonecraft?s Philosophical Impact on Nineteenth Century American Women?s Rights Advocates”, Vol. 48, American Journal of Political Science pp. 707-722 No. 4 (Oct., 2004).

[4] Vrindavan Committee, “Report of the Committee constituted under the direction of the Hon?ble Supreme Court of India by Judgment dated August 11, 2007 in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 659 of 2007” Page Number 4(November 27, 2017).

[5] Ekta Resource Centre for Women, “A study on 498A in Tamilnadu”, (March 2011)

[6] Housing and Land Rights Network, “The Human Rights to adequate Housing and Land in India” (December 2016)

[7] UNHABITAT, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, “The Right to Adequate Housing” Fact Sheet No. 21/Rev.1. available at https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Publications/FS21_rev_1_Housing_en.pdf (last visited on 06/07/2022)

[8] The Constitution of India, art. 19(1)(a) …..(g).

[10] Kharak Singh v. The State Of U. P., (1963) AIR 1295 1964 SC(1) 332

[11] Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 597

[12] Francis Coralie v. Union Territory of Delhi [1980] AIR 746 (2) SCR 557

[17] Shri P. G. Gupta vs State Of Gujrat (1995)SCC, Supl. (2) 182 JT 1995 (2) 373

[19] Chameli Singh And Others Etc. vs State Of U.P (1996) 2 SCC 549 132

[21] Socio-economic and Caste Census, 2011 (data for which was released in July 2015, available at

https://secc.gov.in/ (last visited on 07/07/2022).

[22] National Policy for Empowerment of Women (2001) available at https://wcd.nic.in/womendevelopment/national-policy-women-empowerment (last visited on 11/07/2022).

[25] Indira Awas Yojana available at https://megcnrd.gov.in/forms/IAY.pdf \ (last visited on 14/07/2022)

[26] One Stop Centre Scheme, Implementation guidelines for State Governments by Ministry of Women and Child Development Government of India available at https://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/OSC_G.pdf (last visited on 14/07/2022)

[28] Scheme of Shelters for Urban Homeless available at https://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/7NULM- SUH-Guidelines.pdf (last visited on 14/07/2022)

[29] “NGO helps those living in homeless shelters in capital register for vaccine jabs”, Hindustan Times, March 15, 2021, available at https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ngo-helps-those-living-in-homeless-shelters- in-capital-register-for-vaccine-jabs-101615756170424.html (last visited on 15/07/2022).

[30] E R Kumar & anr. v. Union of India (W.P (Civil) Nos.55 & 572 of 2003)

[31] Amit Anand Chaudhary, “No Shelter for 90% of urban homeless: SC Panel Study?, The Times of India, Aug 27, 2017,available at https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/no-shelter-for-90-of-urban-homeless-sc-panel- study/articleshow/60240240.cms (last seen on 13/07/2022).

[32] Tanishka Sodhi, “No homes for the homeless: how Maharashtra lags in implementing Centre?s urban shelter scheme”, Newslaundry Report, March 3^rd, 2021 available at https://www.newslaundry.com/2021/03/03/no- homes-for-the-homeless-how-maharashtra-lags-in-implementing-centres-urban-shelter-scheme (last visited on 14/07/2022)

[34] Times Now Bureau, “DW issues notice to NGO and Delhi Police on lapses in shelter home for mentally challenged homeless women”, Times Now, March 26^th 2022, available at https://www.timesnownews.com/delhi/dcw-issues-notice-to-ngo-and-delhi-police-on-lapses-in-shelter-home-for- mentally-challenged-homeless-women-article-90459223 (last visited on 14/07/2022).

[35] Night Shelter Occupancy Report, “Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi”, Delhi shelter board, July 14^th 2022 ,available at: http://www.delhishelterboard.in/occupancy-report/ (last visited on 14/07/2022).

[36] Special Rapporteur on violence against Women, Submission related to Shelters for Homeless Women, OHCHR available at https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Women/SR/Shelters/Housing_and_Land_Rights_Ne twork.pdf ( last visited on 15/07/2022)

[38] Prawesh Lama and Yama Bhardwaj, Homeless Women: Easy Targets, Roofless in Delhi, Hindustan Times available at https://www.hindustantimes.com/static/roofless-in-delhi-women/ Published August 17, 2016.

[39] Usha Devi, a 15-year-old resident of a district in eastern Uttar Pradesh, was expecting her first child. Though she was underage, a local ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) worker had filled the PMMVY form on Usha?s behalf. The PMMVY or Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana offers maternity entitlements to

marginalised women across India. Usha Devi?s Aadhaar card mentions her name as „Pusa?, putting a question mark on her very identity. - AKANKSHA KUMAR, How Schemes Fail Women: Delivery on Hospital Veranda Equals No Aid, The Quint- 02/12/2019 https://www.thequint.com/news/india/pmmvy-schemes-fail-women- delivery-on-hospital-veranda-error-in-aadhaar#read-more (last visited on 15/07/2022)

[40] Niharika Alva, They provide safe shelter to women, make them job-ready, Times of India, May 07^th, 2017 available at https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/they-provide-safe-shelter-to-distressed-women- make-them-job-ready/articleshow/58554240.cms (last visited on 15/07/2022)

[41] ⁴¹ Jennifer Allison, Researching Women's Housing and Shelter Rights, Harvard Law School Library, available at - https://guides.library.harvard.edu/womens_housing_rights , last visited on 15/07/2022

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[14] Terry D. Gill, REMARKS ON THE LAW RELATING TO THE USE OF FORCE IN THE UKRAINE CONFLICT, Lieber Institute Westpoint -Articles of War (Mar. 9, 2022), https://lieber.westpoint.edu/remarks-use-of-force-ukraine-conflict/.

[17] E. F. M. Durbin, John Bowlby, Ivor Thomas, D. P. T. Jay, R. B. Fraser, R. H. S. Crossman, George Catlin, War and Democracy (Routledge 2021).

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