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[12] Ibid.

[13] C. Ross, I. Swetlitz, “IBM’s Watson supercomputer recommended ‘unsafe and incorrect’ cancer treatments, internal documents show”, STAT, Jan 2017, available at <https://www.statnews. com/2018/07/25/ibm-watson-recommended-unsafe-incorrect-treatments> (last visited on 7^th October 2021).

[14] Figure Eight. What is training data?, available at <https://www.figure-eight.com/resources/whatis- training-data; 2020> (last visited on Jan 1^st 2021).

[15] Ibid.

[16] J. Brown, “IBM Watson reportedly recommended cancer treatments that were unsafe and incorrect”, Gizmodo, May 2019, available at <https://gizmodo.com/ibm-watson-reportedly-recommended- cancer-treatments-tha-1827868882; 2018> (last visited on Feb. 23^rd 2021).

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[19] ICO. Royal Free, “Google DeepMind trial failed to comply with data protection law”, available at <https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/news-and-events/news-and-blogs/2017/07/ royal-free-google-deepmind-trial-failed-to-comply-with-data-protection-law> (last visited on Oct. 13, 2021).

[20] Dinerstein v. Google. No. 1:19-cv-04311; 2019.

[21] R. Copeland, “Google’s ‘Project Nightingale’ gathers personal health data on millions of Americans”, Nightingalegathers, May 2018, available at <https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-s-secret-project-nightingalegathers- personal-health-data-on-millions-of-americans-1157349679> (last visited on March 23^rd 2021)

[22] S. Gerke, I.G. Cohen, “Potential liability for physicians using artificial intelligence” JAMA, May 2019, available at <https://doi.org/ 10.1001/jama.2019.15064.> (last visited on July 21^st 2021).

[23] Sophia AI Reaches Key Milestone by Helping to Better Diagnose 200,000 Patients Worldwide, 2018. Available at <https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sophia-ai-reaches-key-milestone-by-helping-to-better-diagnose-200000-patients-worldwide-680907791.html> (last visited on March 21^st2021).

[24] Official Journal of the European Union, available at <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L:2000:013:FULL&from=EN> (last visited on May 15^th 2021).

[25] Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, 2014, available at https://www.un.org/en/ga/sixth/70/docs/treaty_on_eeu.pdf (last visited on 20^th October 2021).

[26] European Parliament Resolution of 16 February 2017 with Recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics, 2015 available at <http://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2017-0051_EN.pdf> (last visited on Jan. 2^nd 2021).

[27] EU Declaration of Cooperation on Artificial Intelligence Signed at Digital Day on 10th April 2018, available at <https://ec.europa. eu/digital-single-market/en/events/digital-day-2018> (last visited on May 6^th 2021).

[28] Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence 2021 Review, 2021, available at <https://digital-strategy.ec. europa.eu/en/library/coordinated-plan-artificial-intelligence-2021-review> (last visited on Nov. 23^rd 2021).

[29] The Digital Europe Programme for the Period 2021–2027, 2018. Available at <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/ EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52018PC0434> (last visited on Sept. 5^th 2020).

[30] David, Rene, and Camille Jauffret Spinosi, Les Grands Systèmes de Droit Contemporains 107 (The Major Contemporary Legal Systems, Paris, 10^th edn. 2002).

[31] Ibid.

[1] Geetanjali Phatke,, Effects on Competition Law and Policy on Digital Markets in India, (2019) 4 ICLR 14

[2] INDIA CONST.,art.38

[3] INDIA CONST., art.39

[4] Competition Commission of India, Annual Report,

https : //www.cci.gov.in/sites/default/files/annual%20reports/CCI AR-2016-11 English.pdf

[5] Competition policy: The challenge of digital markets, https://www.monopolkommission.de/images/PDF/SG/SG68/S68_summary.pdf

[6] CCI v. Trai ,AIR 2018.

[7] Section 3, Competition Act, 2002, Acts of Parliament.

[8] Section 4, Competition Act, 2002, Acts of Parliament.

[9] Samanvi Narang and Prateek Gupta, Analysing the Competition Law Issues in the Ambitious Jio-Facebook Deal, 2020 SCC OnLine Blog OpEd 41.

[10] Section 4(2)(d), Competition Act, 2002, Acts of Parliament.

[11] ibid

[12] Does India need a separate Competition Law for Digital Markets, https://www.medianama.com/2023/02/223-quick-take-india-competition-law-digital-market/.

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^{^[14]}Santana M,“The Impact of Covid-19 on the Future of Work and a Research Agenda for the Future of Work” (2021) New Directions in the Future of Work 183 < https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-298-020211021 > accessed on 20th January 2023

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[1] The Indian Evidence Act, 1872, § 27, No. 1, Acts of Parliament, 1872 (India).

[2] Ratanlal & Dhirajlal, The Law of Evidence (LexisNexis 2019).

[4] The Indian Evidence Act, 1872, § 25, No. 1, Acts of Parliament, 1872 (India).

[6] State of U.P. v. Singhara Singh, AIR 1964 SC 358.

[7] S. Sarkar, Sarkar's Law of Evidence 420 (LexisNexis 2021).

[9] S.N. Mishra, Indian Evidence Act 96 (Central Law Publications 2017).

[11] Pranjal Kishore, Section 27 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872: An Appraisal, 62 JILI 358 (2020).

[14] State of Maharashtra v. Damu, (2000) 6 SCC 269.

[15] State of Haryana v. Ram Singh, (2002) 6 SCC 641.

[16] Pulukuri Kottaya v. Emperor, AIR 1947 PC 67.

[18] Siddharam Satlingappa Mhetre v. State of Maharashtra, (2011) 1 SCC 694.

[19] Lalita Kumari v. Govt. of U.P., (2014) 2 SCC 1.

[39] R. Venkata Rao, Discovery and Recovery under Section 27 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872: A Reassessment, 54 JILI, 175-193 (2012).

[42] Varsha S. S., Use of Discovery Statements in Criminal Trials: A Comparative Study, 45 IBR, 122-143 (2018).

[1] The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, § 2, No. 28, Acts of Parliament, 1961 (India)

[2] The Indian Penal Code, § 304B, No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 1860 (India)

[3] The Indian Penal Code, § 498A, No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 1860 (India)

[4] The Evidence Act, § 498A, No. 1, Acts of Parliament, 1872 (India)

[5] Paras Chug, Dowry Deaths in India, Legal Vidhiya (Oct. 25, 2022, 6.45 PM), https://legalvidhiya.com/dowry-deaths-in-india/

[6] Bhagwant Singh v. Commr. of Police Delhi, 1985 SCC (2) 537

[8] Bachni Devi v. State of Haryana, (2011) 4 SCC 427

[9] Kamesh Panjiyar v. State of Bihar, (2005) 2 SCC 388

[1] AVATAR SINGH, CONTRACT AND SPECIFIC RELIEF, pg. 592

[2] New India assurance company v. Kusumanchi Rameshwar Rao & ors, 28 November 1996

[3] Punjab national bank v. Vikram cotton mills, 1970 AIR 1973 SCR (2) 462

[4] Gajanan Moreshwar v. Moreshwar Madan , 1942 44 BOMLR 703

[5] The secretary of state v. the bank of India limited, 1938 40 BOMLR 868

[9] Maharaja shri jarvat Singhji v secretary of state for India, 1890, 14 Bom. 299:

[10] https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-4039-contract-of-indemnity-and-guarantee.html#:~:text=The%20Indemnifier%20shall%20not%20be,case%20of%20Gajanan%20Moreshwar%20vs.

[13] Osaman Jamal and sons Ltd v. Gopal purshottam, 1928, AIR 1929 Cal 208

[14] https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-5725-indian-law-of-indemnity-and-english-law-of-indemnity-an-analysis.html

[2] Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain AIR 1976 (2) SCR 347

[3] David Stott & Alexandra Felix, Principles of administrative law, Cavendish Publishing Limited, London, United Kingdom, 1997.

[4] Anjana Dhital, Red, Green and Amber light theories of administrative law, IPLEADERS, (November 04, 2020) https://blog.ipleaders.in/red-green-amber-light-theories administrative-law/#_ftn7

[5] Peter Leyland & Gordon Anthony, Textbook on Administrative Law, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, 2013, p.5

[6] Robert Franklin, The Red Light Theory and The Green Light Theory Portray Contrary Views as to the Extent and Object of Administrative law, THE LAWYERS AND JURISTS, (February 27, 2018), https://www.lawyersnjurists.com/article/the-red-light-theory-and-the-green-light-theory-portray-contrary-viewsas-to-the-extent and-object-of-administrative-law-2/

[2] Hemanth Singh, What is the collegium system and how it works, available at https://www.jagranjosh.com/general- knowledge/what-is-the-collegium-system-and-how-it-works-1525257473-1.

[5] Union of India vs. Sankalchand Himatlal Sheth and Anr. (1977) 4 SCC 193

[9] S P Gupta Vs Union of India 2000 IIIAD (DEL) 297. See also at MANU / SC / 0080 / 1981.

[10] Supreme Court Advocates-On-Record Association V. Union of India (1993) 4 SCC 441.

[11] Re: Special Reference 1 of 1998 (1998) 7 SCC 739.

[13] 1990 SCR Supl. (2) 433 (Subhash Sharma vs. Union of India).

[15] Article 143, The Constitution of India,1950.

[16] In Re: Special Reference No. 1 of 1998, MANU/SC/1146/1998: (1998) 7 SCC 739.

[17] Available at https://thelogicalindian.com/story-feed/awareness/collegium/.

[19] National Judicial Appointment Commission Act, 2014.

[25] Article 124(2), The Constitution of India, 1950.

[26] Article 217, The Constitution of India,1950.

[27] Article 224, The Constitution of India,1950.

[28] Ayush Pratap Singh, "Appointment of Judges in Supreme Court in India: A Review of Collegium System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5, August 2018, pp.946-950, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd17004.pdf.

[10] N. Khadervali Saheb v. N. Gudu Sahib (2003) 3 SCC 229.

[11] Comptroller & Auditor-General v. Kamlesh Vadilal Mehta (2003) 2 SCC 349.

[12]V. Subramaniam v. Rajesh Raghuvandra Rao (2009) 5 SCC 608.

[24] S.V. Chandra Pandian and Others vs. S.V. Sivalinga Nadar and Others 1993 SCC (1) 589.

[28] Ratan Lal Sharma v. Purshottam Harit 1947 SCC (1) 671.

[1] Ajit Mohan & Ors. v Legislative Assembly, NCT of Delhi AIR 2021 SC 3346.

[2] 2021 Annual Report, Internet Web Foundation (April. 04, 2023, 6:06 PM) https://www.iwf.org.uk/about-

us/who-we-are/annual-report-2021/.

[3] Rule 3(1) (b) of the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules,

2021.

[4] Sneha Kalita vs. Union Of India and Anr. MANU/SCOR/46460/2017

[5] Preamble of The Information Technology Act, 2000.

[6] Rules 7 of the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules,

2021.

[7] Transport & Dock Workers Union v. Mumbai Port Trust, (2011) 2 SCC 575.

[8] Khandig Sham Bhat v. Agrl. ITO, AIR 1963 SC 591.

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[12] Does India need a separate Competition Law for Digital Markets, https://www.medianama.com/2023/02/223-quick-take-india-competition-law-digital-market/.

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