INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

CHALLENGES FOR ARBITRATION INDIA BY - POORVA CHAWLA

Authors: POORVA CHAWLA

Registration ID: 101965 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1965

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: ankit.sh0990@gmail.com

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ABETMENT BY INSTIGATION, CONSPIRACY, AND AIDING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BY - JATIN VERMA & SADHANA

Authors: JATIN VERMA & SADHANA

Registration ID: 101963 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1963 & IJLRA1964

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: vermajatin803@gmail.com & shalukumari66161@gmail.com

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ELECTORAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN INDIAN DEMOCRACY BY - GURLEEN KAUR

Authors: GURLEEN KAUR

Registration ID: 101962 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1962

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: gurleenkaur.law@gmail.com

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PLEA BARGAINING– A CATALYST OR CATASTROPHE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM? BY - HRISHI KAPADIA

Authors: HRISHI KAPADIA

Registration ID: 101961 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1961

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: hrishi.r.kapadia@gmail.com

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JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION OVER THE REJECTION OF PATENT APPLICATION WITH REFERENCE TO NOVARTIS AG v. UOI & Others BY - MS. G. BOWSHI LATHA & MS. RAMYA R

Authors: MS. G. BOWSHI LATHA & MS. RAMYA R

Registration ID: 101959 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1959 & IJLRA1960

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: bowshi.latha@cmr.edu.in & bowshi1998@gmail.com

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CONSUMER AND DATA BREACH IN DAY TODAY LIFE OF CONSUMER BY - SANDHIYA KRISHNAN.S & KARUNAMBIGAI.S

Authors: SANDHIYA KRISHNAN.S & KARUNAMBIGAI.S

Registration ID: 101957 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1957 & IJLRA1958

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: sandhiyakrishnan212002@gmail.com

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LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF STATUTORY RAPE IN INDIA: A CLOSER LOOK AT THE AGE OF CONSENT BY - TARUNA NAYYAR

Authors: TARUNA NAYYAR

Registration ID: 101956 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1956

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: tarunanayyar1994@gmail.com

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CRIMINALISATION OF MARITAL RAPE IN INDIA BY: BY: DEEP NARAYAN YADAV, KARAN DORBI & AAYUSHI SINGH

Authors: AUTHORED BY: DEEP NARAYAN YADAV, KARAN DORBI & AAYUSHI SINGH

Registration ID: 101953 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1953, IJLRA1954 & IJLRA1955

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: pampysingh99@gmail.com, dnyadav95@icloud.com & advkaran2022@gmail.com

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ADDRESSING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CHALLENGES FOR SANITATION WORKERS IN INDIA: ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND THE ROLE OF THE SAFAI KARMACHARI ANDOLAN. BY - CHANDAN KUMAR

Authors: CHANDAN KUMAR

Registration ID: 101952 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1952

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: CHANDAN KUMAR

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REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS IN INDIA By - Reshel Bretny Fernandes

Authors: Reshel Bretny Fernandes

Registration ID: 101951 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1951

Year : April -2023 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: reshelfernandes35@gmail.com

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[1] Rangasami Gounder v. State of Madras (1950) 51 Cri LJ 1052

[2] Mohan Singh v. State of Punjab (1967) 1 SCR 1028

[3] State of Andhra Pradesh v. P.N. Raju (1994) 4 SCC 388[3]:

[2] Article 21. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights

[3] Gleason, Suzanne. (2001).Female Political Participation and Health in India. The Annals of the American Academy of the Political and Social Science, 573, 105-125.

[4] Hussain, Faqir. (1999). Women’s Representation in the Elective Bodies. Journal of Law and Society, 35-53.

[5] Rama Chary, Maroju. (2012). Women and Political Participation in India: A Historical Perspective. The Indian Journal of Political Science, 73(1), 119-132.

[6] Rai, Praveen. (2011). Electoral Participation of Women in India, Key Determinants and Barriers. Economic and Political Weekly, 46(3), 47-55.

[7] Pai, Sudha. (2013) From Dynasty to Legitimacy: Women Leaders in Indian Politics. India International Centre Quarterly, 39 (3 / 4) 107-121.

[8] Profile of the President. Retrieved March, 2, 2023 from https://presidentofindia.nic.in/profile.htm.

[10] Krook Mona Lena. (2019) Global Feminist Collaborations and the Concept of Violence against Women in Politics. Journal of International Affairs, 72 (2), 77-94.

[1] 3^rd Year Student at MIT WPU School of Law, Pune

[2] “Jon'a F. Meyer "plea bargaining", (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 5 June 2022), https://www.britannica.com/topic/plea-bargaining, accessed 18 April 2023.”

[3] “National Judicial Data Grid – Pending Dashboard – Criminal, https://njdg.ecourts.gov.in/njdgnew/?p=main/pend_dashboard, accessed 19 April 2023”

[5] “National Judicial Data Grid – Pending Dashboard – Criminal, https://njdg.ecourts.gov.in/njdgnew/?p=main/pend_dashboard, accessed 19 April 2023”

[8] “Brady v. United States, 397 U.§ 742 (1970)”

[9] “Santo Bello v. New York, 404 U.§ 257 (1971)”

[10] “Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "James Earl Ray". (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 6 March 2023), https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Earl-Ray, accessed 18 April 2023.”

[11] “Murlidhar Meghraj Loya v. State of Maharashtra, (1976) 3 SCC 684”

[12] “Kasam Bhai Abdul Rehman Bhai Sheikh v. State of Gujarat, (1980) 3 SCC 120”

[13] “State of Uttar Pradesh v. Chandrika (AIR 2000 SC 164)”

[14] “142^nd Law Commission Report, 1991, Chapter XI, https://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/report_twelfth/, accessed 18 April 2023”

[15] “154^th Law Commission Report, 1996, Chapter XIII, https://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/report_fourteenth/, accessed 18 April 2023”

[16] “Committee on Reforms of the Criminal Justice System Report, 2003 (Malimath Committee Report)”

[17] “State of Gujarat v Natwar Harchanji Thakor (2005) Cr.L.J. 2957”

[18] “The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2005, § 4”

[19] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265A(1)”

[20] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265B(2)”

[21] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265L”

[22] “The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000, § 2(k)”

[24] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265B(1)”

[25] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265B(2)”

[26] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265B(3)”

[27] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265B(4)”

[28] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265B(4)(a)”

[29] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265B(4)(b)”

[30] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265C(a)”

[31] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265C(b)”

[33] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265D”

[34] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265E(a)”

[35] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 360(1)”

[36] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265E(b)”

[37] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265E(c)”

[38] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265E(d)”

[39] “142^nd Law Commission Report, 1991, Chapter XI, https://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/report_twelfth/, accessed 18 April 2023”

[40] “The Constitution of India, Article 226”

[41] “The Constitution of India, Article 132”

[42] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265G”

[43] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265H”

[44] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265-I”

[45] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 428”

[46] “The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 265K”

[48] “Carrie Johnson, ‘The vast majority of criminal cases end in plea bargains, a new report finds’, (National Public Radio (NPR), 22 February 2023), https://www.npr.org/2023/02/22/1158356619/plea-bargains-criminal-cases-justice#:~:text=In%20any%20given%20year%2C%2098,from%20the%20American%20Bar%20Association., accessed 19 April 2023”

[49] “Murat C. Mungan and Jonathan Klick, ‘Reducing False Guilty Pleas and Wrongful Convictions through Exoneree Compensation’, (University of Chicago – Journal of Law & Economics, Volume 59 Issue 1, February 2016) accessed 19 April 2023”

[52] “SCC Online, ‘Triple method of plea bargaining, compounding of offences and the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958: Supreme Courts’ suggestions on disposal of criminal cases’, (SCC Online, 31 October 2022),

https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2022/10/31/supreme-court-under-trial-prisoners-suggestions-plea-bargaining-probation-of-offenders-act-compoundable-offences-bail-dlsa-under-trial-review-committees-legal-resea/, accessed 19 April 2023.”

^{^[1]} Liu, Jodie, Compulsory Licensing and Anti-Evergreening: Interpreting the TRIPS Flexibilities in Section 84 and 3(d) of the Indian Patent Act, Vol. 56, HARVARD INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL 207, 207-228 (2015).

^{^[2]} https://www.iralr.in/post/efficacy-in-pharmaceutical-products-novartis-ag-v-union-of-india

^{^[3]} Oke, Emmanuel Kolawole, The Indian Novartis Case: Finding the Right Balance between Access and Innovation (August 28, 2013).

^{^[4]} Thambisetty, Siva, Novartis v Union of India and the Person Skilled in the Art: A Missed Opportunity (September 19, 2013).

^{^[5]} Kumar, Shanti and Shukla, Nitin and Sangal, Tanushree, Evergreening of Patents and Indian Patents Law (June 15, 2009).

^{^[6]} Chandru, Ajay and Gokhale, Gowree, Novartis Indian Supreme Court Judgment: what is efficacy for pharmaceutical invention? Vol.2, MANUPATRA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REPORTS 165, 165-172 (May 2013).

^{^[7]} Arcuri, Alessandra and Castro Bernieri, Rosa Julieta, How Innovative is Innovative Enough? Reflections on the Interpretation of Article 27 TRIPS from Novartis v. Union of India, SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW (SIEL) INAUGURAL CONFERENCE 2008 PAPER (July 14, 2008).

[1] In this paper, since the discussion is couched in the Indian context, we will assume that the perpetrator is the husband, and correspondingly, the victim is the wife.

[3] See the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, §3. Consent is immaterial when the assault is against a child.

[4] UN Women, 2011-2012 Progress of the World’s Women, 17, (2011) available at http://www2.unwomen.org/-

/media/field%20office%20eseasia/docs/publications/2011/progressoftheworldswomen-2011- en.pdf?v=1&d=20160810T092106 (last visited on December 15, 2017).

[5] Rebecca M. Ryan, The Sex Right: A Legal History of Marital Rape Exemption, 20 Law and Social Enquiry, 944 (1995).

[6] To Have and to Hold: The Marital Rape Exemption and the Fourteenth Amendment, 99(6) Harvard Law Review, 1256 (1986).

[11] The Indian Penal Code, 1860, S.375 as amended by the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 2013.

[14] Law Commission of India, Indian Penal Code, Report No. 42 (June 1971), available at http:// lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/1-50/report42.pdf (last visited on December 15, 2017).

[18] 7 Law Commission of India, Review of Rape Laws, Report No. 172 (March 2000), available at http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/rapelaws.htm (last visited on February 6, 2016).

[20] As per GOI Notification No. SO (3003), December 12, 2012, this committee was constituted to give out a report in merely thirty days.

[22] 8 The Criminal Law Amendment Bill, 130 of 2012.

[23] Standing Committee on Home Affairs, Fifteenth Lok Sabha, Report on The Criminal Law (Amendment) Bill, 2012, One Hundred and Sixty Seventh Report, 45, (December 2015).

[25] See The Indian Penal Code 1860, S.498A.

[26] Press Release, Press Information Bureau, April 29, 2015, available at http://pib.nic.in/newsite/ PrintRelease.aspx?relid=119938 (Last visited on December 17, 2017).

[29] In the case of marital rape, by not criminalizing it, the State is essentially presuming that a woman has provided an irrevocable consent to her husband for sexual activity. By not providing her the option to refuse such activity (say no), the State is offering her no choice but to participate in that sexual activity. Therefore, the State is compelling her to have conjugal relations with her husband.

[30] T. Sareetha v. T. Venkata Subbaiah, 1983 SCC OnLine AP 90 : AIR 1983 AP 356.

[32] Harvender Kaur v. Harmander Singh Choudhry, 1983 SCC OnLine Del 322 : AIR 1984 Del

[33] Saroj Rani v. Sudershan Kumar Chadha 1984 AIR 1562, 1985 SCR (1) 303

[34] Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Feminist Perspectives on Rape, June 21, 2017 available at https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-rape/ (Last visited on December 20, 2017).

[35] Ronald J. Berger, Patricia Searles & W. Lawrence Neuman, The Dimensions of Rape Reform Legislation, 22 Law & Society Review 329 (1988).

[36] Mohd. Hoshan v. State of A.P., (2002) 7 SCC 414 : 2002 Cri LJ 4124.

[37] Sarojakshan Shankaran Nayar v. State of Maharashtra, 1994 SCC OnLine Bom 385 : 1995 Cri LJ 340.

[38] Bomma Ilaiah v. State of A.P., 2003 SCC OnLine AP 38 : 2003 Cri LJ 2439.

[39] Samar Ghosh v. Jaya Ghosh, (2007) 4 SCC 511.

[40] Rajesh Sharma v. State of U.P., 2017 SCC OnLine SC 821

[41] See The Indian Penal Code, 1860, S.375 and 376.

[42] In 1970, the Matrimonial Proceedings and Property Act abolished Restitution of Conjugal Rights in United Kingdom.

[43] Flavia Agnes, Hindu Conjugality: Transition from Sacrament to Contractual Obligations in Redefining Family Law in India, 236 (2008).

[44] J.S. Verma Report, supra note 32, 117.

[46] State of H.P. v. Mango Ram, (2000) 7 SCC 224.

[1] Central University of South Bihar, CUSB1913125042, BALLB (2019-24).

[2]Fazle Sharior,Mahbub-Ul Alam, et.al. “Occupational health and safety status of waste and sanitation workers: A qualitative exploration during the COVID-19 pandemic across Bangladesh” journal of POLS WATER 2(2023).

[5] Megha Bindal, Manual Scavenging Activity Will Now Be A Personal Liability Of The Municipality, 2021.

[6] Dheeraj Mishra and Jahnavi Sen “Sewer Deaths: Only About 50% of Victims' Families Received Rs 10 Lakh Compensation” THE WIRE 19 Nov 2019.

[2] https://www.who.int last vis 12 February 2022

[5] Joshi ,Nayan, Protection of Children from sexual offence,2012 ,Lawman publications , Delhi ,2018

[6]Chand, Y,V , THE INDIAN PENAL CODE,1860, LEXIS NEWIS PUBLICATIONS ,Delhi, 2019

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

CHALLENGES FOR ARBITRATION INDIA BY - POORVA CHAWLA

ABETMENT BY INSTIGATION, CONSPIRACY, AND AIDING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BY - JATIN VERMA & SADHANA

ELECTORAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN INDIAN DEMOCRACY BY - GURLEEN KAUR

PLEA BARGAINING– A CATALYST OR CATASTROPHE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM? BY - HRISHI KAPADIA

JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION OVER THE REJECTION OF PATENT APPLICATION WITH REFERENCE TO NOVARTIS AG v. UOI & Others BY - MS. G. BOWSHI LATHA & MS. RAMYA R

CONSUMER AND DATA BREACH IN DAY TODAY LIFE OF CONSUMER BY - SANDHIYA KRISHNAN.S & KARUNAMBIGAI.S

LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF STATUTORY RAPE IN INDIA: A CLOSER LOOK AT THE AGE OF CONSENT BY - TARUNA NAYYAR

CRIMINALISATION OF MARITAL RAPE IN INDIA BY: BY: DEEP NARAYAN YADAV, KARAN DORBI & AAYUSHI SINGH

ADDRESSING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CHALLENGES FOR SANITATION WORKERS IN INDIA: ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND THE ROLE OF THE SAFAI KARMACHARI ANDOLAN. BY - CHANDAN KUMAR

REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS IN INDIA By - Reshel Bretny Fernandes

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CHALLENGES FOR ARBITRATION INDIA BY - POORVA CHAWLA

ABETMENT BY INSTIGATION, CONSPIRACY, AND AIDING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BY - JATIN VERMA & SADHANA

ELECTORAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN INDIAN DEMOCRACY BY - GURLEEN KAUR

PLEA BARGAINING– A CATALYST OR CATASTROPHE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM? BY - HRISHI KAPADIA

JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION OVER THE REJECTION OF PATENT APPLICATION WITH REFERENCE TO NOVARTIS AG v. UOI & Others BY - MS. G. BOWSHI LATHA & MS. RAMYA R

CONSUMER AND DATA BREACH IN DAY TODAY LIFE OF CONSUMER BY - SANDHIYA KRISHNAN.S & KARUNAMBIGAI.S

LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF STATUTORY RAPE IN INDIA: A CLOSER LOOK AT THE AGE OF CONSENT BY - TARUNA NAYYAR

CRIMINALISATION OF MARITAL RAPE IN INDIA BY: BY: DEEP NARAYAN YADAV, KARAN DORBI & AAYUSHI SINGH

ADDRESSING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CHALLENGES FOR SANITATION WORKERS IN INDIA: ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND THE ROLE OF THE SAFAI KARMACHARI ANDOLAN. BY - CHANDAN KUMAR

REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS IN INDIA By - Reshel Bretny Fernandes

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