INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

THE BURDEN OF OVERTIME WORKLOAD: A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD FOR EMPLOYEE LIVES BY - S. IRFANA RUHAIYA

Authors: S. IRFANA RUHAIYA

Registration ID: 108813 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8813

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: irfanaruhaiya@gmail.com

Page No : 19 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-69142162/THE BURDEN OF OVERTIME WORKLOAD: A DOUBLE-EDGED SW

JUSTICE UNDER SIEGE: HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE SHADOW OF POLICE TORTURE IN INDIA BY - DIVYA.M

Authors: DIVYA.M

Registration ID: 108812 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8812

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: divyamurugesan555@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-28744873/JUSTICE UNDER SIEGE: HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE SHADOW OF

THE INTERSECTION OF GENDER AND REFUGEES: ADDRESSING THE UNIQUE CHALLENGES FACED BY FEMALE REFUGEES. BY - DHINESH KUMAR P & SUMETHA M

Authors: DHINESH KUMAR P & SUMETHA M

Registration ID: 108810 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8810 & IJLRA8811

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: dhineshpugal18@gmail.com & sumethamaruthachalam@gmail.com

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MEDICIAL EXAMINATION OF RAPE VICTIMS IN INDIA BY: SNEHA MUKHERJEE

Authors: SNEHA MUKHERJEE

Registration ID: 108809 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8809

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: sunita.mukherjee2015@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-29386185/MEDICIAL EXAMINATION OF RAPE VICTIMS IN INDIA

IPR: INTRODUCING STUDENT - IP NEXUS FOR LIMITLESS INNOVATION. BY - MS. ANJALI RAM & MR. ANURAG DAS

Authors: MS. ANJALI RAM & MR. ANURAG DAS

Registration ID: 108805 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8807 & IJLRA8808

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: anjaliram613@gmail.com & anuragdas0219@gmail.com

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ANTI-COMPETITIVE PRACTICES OF E-COMMERCE GIANTS: THE IMPACT OF AMAZON AND FLIPKART ON MARKET COMPETITION AND SME RETAILERS BY: SURESH

Authors: SURESH

Registration ID: 108806 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8806

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: suresh@law.christuniversity.in

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COMMENT: IN RE: DIRECTIONS IN THE MATTER OF DEMOLITION OF STRUCTURES BY - JARIN JOSEPH

Authors: JARIN JOSEPH

Registration ID: 108805 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8805

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: advjarin569@gmail.com

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THE S IN ESG- WHY COMPANIES STANCE ON SOCIAL ISSUES MATTER BY - SNIGDHA KHANDELWAL & KARNICA BHATIA

Authors: SNIGDHA KHANDELWAL & KARNICA BHATIA

Registration ID: 108803 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8803 & IJLRA8804

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: snigdhakhandelwal@nalsar.ac.in & karnicabhatia@nalsar.ac.in

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PATENTING OF STEM CELLS: NEED TO RETHINK FOR REGULATORY FRAMEWORK BY - K. AMULYA & DR.P.R.L.RAJAVENKATESAN

Authors: K. AMULYA & DR.P.R.L.RAJAVENKATESAN

Registration ID: 108801 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8801 & IJLRA8802

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: amulyareddy.k2024@vitstudent.ac.in & rajavenkatesan.prl@vit.ac.in

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-35469961/PATENTING OF STEM CELLS: NEED TO RETHINK FOR REGUL

REVISITING LEGAL IMMUNITY: LAWYERS EXEMPTED FROM CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT AND CONTEMPORARY JUDICIAL RAMIFICATIONS BY - ADI JAIN & VANDAN PAREEK

Authors: ADI JAIN & VANDAN PAREEK

Registration ID: 108799 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8799 & IJLRA8800

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: adijain892@gmail.com & vandanpareek4800@gmail.com

Page No : 24 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-26145217/REVISITING LEGAL IMMUNITY: LAWYERS EXEMPTED FROM C

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

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All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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[13] Rule 84 of the Tamil Nadu Factories Rules, 1950

[14] Section 61(1) and 61(4) of the Factories Act,1948

[17] The Karnataka Shops and Commercial Establishment Act, 1961

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[21] International Labor Organization (ILO) to regulate the working hours of industrial workers

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[26] ILO Convention No. 190: Violence and Harassment Convention, 2019

[27] ILO conventions and recommendations to guide national labor laws and workplace

[28] Barangay Jute Factory v. Its Workmen AIR (1960) SC 862

[29] Automobile Products of Indian Ltd. V. The Workmen AIR (1960) SC 745

[30] State of Gujarat v SSRI N.M. Dessi AIR (1964) SC 806

[31] Delhi Transport Corporation v. D.T.C. Tandoor Congress AIR (1991) LLR 484

[33] judicial pronouncements have reinforced that the right to overtime pay is a fundamental right

[1] Talal Asad, The Anthropology of the Body and the Medical Anthropology of 'Torture' (New York: Random House, 1987), 323.

[4] Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Article 5.

[5] Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Article 1 (1984).

[6] Article 21, Indian Constitution – Right to life and personal liberty.

[7] Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Article 5.

[8] Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Article 1 (1984).

[9] Salus populi est suprema lex – The welfare of the people is the supreme law.

[10] D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal, AIR 1997 SC 610.

[11] Nilabati Behera v. State of Orissa, AIR 1993 SC 1960.

[12] Raghubir Singh v. State of Haryana, AIR 1980 SC 1087

[13] Code of Hammurabi, circa 1754 BCE, Article 8.

[14] Roman Legal Procedures, Torture as a means of obtaining testimony.

[15] The Inquisition, methods of torture used during the medieval period.

[16] Cesare Beccaria, On Crimes and Punishments, 1764.

[17] Eighth Amendment, United States Constitution, 1791.

[18] Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), Article 5, 1948.

[19] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966.

[20] Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT), Article 1, 1984.

[21] War on Terror, resurgence of state-sponsored torture after 2001.

[23] D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal, AIR 1997 SC 610.

[25] Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT), Article 2(2).

[26] Amnesty International, "Torture in India," 2022.

[27] Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, Chapter 12.

[28] Raghubir Singh v. State of Haryana, AIR 1980 SC 1087.

[29] Human Rights Watch, Broken System: Torture in Custody, 2021.

[30] Smt. Shakila Abdul Gafar Khan v. Vasant Raghunath Dhoble, AIR 2003 SC 4567.

[31] A.S. Anand, VIIIth International Symposium on Torture, (1999), SCC (Journal) p. 11.

[32] Transparency International, "Corruption and Custodial Practices in India," 2020.

[33] People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) v. Union of India, AIR 1997 SC 568

[35] National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), Crime in India Report, 2022

[36] Indian Penal Code, 1860, Sections 330 and 331

[37] Criminal Procedure Code, Sections 46, 50, 57.

[38] Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, Section 88.

[39] Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, Section 88.

[40] Article 21, Indian Constitution – Right to life and personal liberty.

[41] Article 22, Indian Constitution – Protection against arrest and detention.

[42] Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 5, 1948.

[43] Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Article 1 (1984).

[44] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 7 (1966).

[48] J.S. Verma, "Judicial Activism and its Impact on Criminal Justice System," Speech delivered on 26th April, 1997 at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy, Hyderabad, in New Dimensions of Justice, p. 85-86 (2000 Edn., Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., Delhi).

[49] National Crimes Record Bureau (NCRB) Annual Report, 2018.

[50] National Crimes Records Bureau (NCRB), Annual Report 2019

[51] NITI Aayog, India's Criminal Justice System Report, 2020

[53] Criminal Procedure Code, Sections 46, 50, 57.

[54] Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023.

[55] Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Article 5.

[56] Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Article 1 (1984).

[57] Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE), 1984, United Kingdom.

[59] The Torture Victim Protection Act, 1991, United States.

[61] Independent Police Complaints Commission, Germany.

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[2] Violence against women in India a review of trends, patterns and responses. International centre for research on women; 2014 Apr p. 14

[3] Ms Shivangi Vyas, Mr. Shubham Kejriwal, CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELEVANCY OF THE MEDICAL AND FORENSIC EVIDENCES IN THE RAPE CASES, Bharati Law Review, 222, 222- 224(2016).

[4] Lalchand Verma, Harshvardhan Tiwari, Pramod Tiwari, Reicha Joshi, Medicial Examination of Sexual Assault Cases and Related Law, 6 Int J Eth Trauma Victimology 22, 22-24(2020)

[5] The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, § 164A, No. 2, Acts of Parliament, 1974 (India).

[7] The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, § 184.

[9] The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, § 184

[10] National Human Rights Commission, Manual on Human Rights for Police Officers, available at https://nhrc.nic.in/sites/default/files/Manual_On_Human_Rights_for_Police_Officers.pdf.

[11] Mukesh and anr Vs State for Nct of Delhi and ors , AIR 2017 SUPREME COURT 2161

[12] Medical Examination of Rape Victims, Iblog Pleaders(December 19, 2018), available at: https://blog.ipleaders.in/medical-examination-of-rape-victim/

[13] Megha Bindal, Importance Of Medical Examination Of Rape Victims: From The Perspective Of CrPC, LawyersClubIndia(September 4, 2021), available at: https://www.lawyersclubindia.com/articles/importance-of-medical-examination-of-rape-victims-from- the-perspective-of-crpc-14314.asp

[14] Lillu alias Rajesh & Anr. v. State of Haryana, (2013) 14 SCC 643.

[15] Selvi v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2010 SUPREME COURT 1974

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[18] Tukaram v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1979 SC 185

[19] Mukesh and anr Vs State for Nct of Delhi and ors , AIR 2017 SUPREME COURT 2161

[20] Lillu alias Rajesh & Anr. v. State of Haryana, (2013) 14 SCC 643.

[21] U.S. Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women, A National Protocol for Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations: Adults/Adolescents (2nd ed. 2013).

[22] Home Office, UK Government, "The Role of Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs)," available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-role-of-sexual-assault-referral-centres-sarcs

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[25] ALLEGED RAPE AND MURDER INCIDENT OF A TRAINEE DOCTOR IN RG KAR MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, KOLKATA AND RELATED ISSUES, 9th September 2024, available at :

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[27] Jane Smith, Psychological Impact of Sexual Violence, 12 Psychol. Trauma 456 (2019).

[28] Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, National Guidelines for Examination of Sexual Assault Victims (2014).

[30] Richard Roe, The Role of Medical Experts in Court, 67 Med. & L. Rev. 789 (2021).

[31] Emily Brown, Challenges in Forensic Evidence Collection, 34 Crim. Just. Rev. 234 (2018).

[33] Michael Green, Training Medical Professionals for Sexual Assault Cases, 23 Health Educ. J. 345

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[38] Taylor, Principles and Practice of Medical Jurisprudence, Vol. II, at 64.

[39] Manual on Human Rights for Police Officers, National Human Rights Commission, India, 2011.

[40] Vageshwari Deswal, “Rights of Rape Victims in India: A Legal Analysis,” University of Delhi, LL.M. Syllabus.

[1] Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, ‘Annual Report 2021-2022’ Ministry of Commerce and Industry <https://ipindia.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/Final_Annual_Report_Eng_for_Net.pdf> accessed 29 October 2009

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[17] Barros J and others, ‘The Cell Biology of Lignification in Higher Plants’ (2015) 115 Annals of Botany 1053 <https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcv046>

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^{^[1]} International Labour Organization (ILO), Global Wage Report 2020-21: Wages and Minimum Wages in the Time of COVID-19 (2021)

^{^[2]} Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT), White Paper on Unfair Practices in E-commerce (2023).

^{^[3]} MCX Stock Exchange Ltd. v. National Stock Exchange of India Ltd., Case No. 13/2009 (CCI)

^{^[4]} Competition Commission of India (CCI), Market Impact of Deep Discounting and Preferential Practices (2023)

^{^[5]} OECD, E-commerce Challenges and Policy Considerations for Competition Regulators (2020).

^{^[6]} Statista, Consumer Behavior in E-commerce During Festive Seasons (2022)

^{^[7]} Delhi Vyapar Mahasangh v. Flipkart Internet Private Limited & Amazon Seller Services Private Limited, Case No. 40 of 2019 (CCI).

^{^[8]} The Competition Act, No. 12 of 2003, INDIA CODE (2003).

^{^[9]} Alliance Bernstein, E-commerce in India: Market Dynamics and Competitive Strategies (2021).

^{^[10]} Statista, India’s Festive Sales Report 2021

^{^[11]} Guidelines on Abuse of Dominance, Competition Commission of India (2019)

^{^[13]} Regulation (EU) 2022/1925, on Contestable and Fair Markets in the Digital Sector (Digital Markets Act).

^{^[14]} Empirical data collected through surveys with 200 SMEs and retailers (2023).

^{^[15]} Maharashtra State Power Generation Co. Ltd. v. Coal India Ltd. & Ors., Case No. 3/2012 (CCI).

^{^[16]} Draft E-commerce Rules, 2021, Ministry of Consumer Affairs.

^{^[17]} UNCTAD, Growing the Digital Economy for SMEs: A Policy Guide (2022).

^{^[18]} Alliance Bernstein, E-commerce in India: Market Dynamics and Competitive Strategies (2021).

^{^[19]} Statista, India's E-commerce Traffic Report (2023).

^{^[20]} Competition Commission of India (CCI), Market Impact of Deep Discounting and Preferential Practices (2023).

^{^[21]} MCX Stock Exchange Ltd. v. National Stock Exchange of India Ltd., Case No. 13/2009 (CCI)

^{^[22]} Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT), White Paper on Unfair Practices in E-commerce (2023).

^{^[23]} Maharashtra State Power Generation Co. Ltd. v. Coal India Ltd. & Ors., Case No. 3/2012 (CCI).

^{^[24]} Statista, India’s Smartphone Market Performance (2022).

^{^[25]} Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Digital India Programme (2021)

^{^[26]} UNCTAD, Impact of COVID-19 on Digital Trade in Developing Economies (2021).

^{^[27]} The Competition Act, No. 12 of 2003, INDIA CODE (2003).

^{^[28]} Guidelines on Abuse of Dominance, Competition Commission of India (2019).

^{^[29]} Competition Commission of India v. Bharti Airtel Ltd., (2021) 2 SCC 675 (India).

^{^[30]} Statista, Monthly User Traffic for Leading E-commerce Platforms in India (2024).

^{^[32]} European Commission v. Google (Android Case), Case AT.40099 (2018).

^{^[33]} Consumer Protection Act, No. 35 of 2019, INDIA CODE (2019)

^{^[34]} Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT), White Paper on Consumer Safety in E-commerce (2023).

^{^[35]} OECD, E-commerce Challenges and Policy Considerations for Competition Regulators (2020).

^{^[36]} Amazon India Export Report, Vision for 2025 (2023).

^{^[37]} Draft Digital Competition Bill, 2024, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, India.

^{^[38]} Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT), White Paper on Deep Discounting Practices in E-commerce (2023).

^{^[39]} Statista, Impact of Cashback Offers on Consumer Behavior in E-commerce (2022).

^{^[40]} OECD, E-commerce Challenges and Policy Considerations for Competition Regulators (2020).

^{^[41]} Statista, E-commerce Festive Sales Analysis (2023).

^{^[42]} Competition Commission of India (CCI), Market Study on Discounting Practices by E-commerce Platforms (2023).

^{^[43]} AllianceBernstein, E-commerce in India: Market Dynamics and Competitive Strategies (2021)

^{^[44]} Consumer Protection Act, No. 35 of 2019, INDIA CODE (2019).

^{^[45]} Draft E-commerce Rules, 2021, Ministry of Consumer Affairs.

^{^[46]} The Competition Act, No. 12 of 2003, INDIA CODE (2003).

^{^[47]} Maharashtra State Power Generation Co. Ltd. v. Coal India Ltd. & Ors., Case No. 3/2012 (CCI).

^{^[48]}Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT), Recommendations to Promote Fair Competition in E-commerce (2023).

^{^[49]} Guidelines on Abuse of Dominance, Competition Commission of India (2019)

^{^[50]} Competition Commission of India (CCI), Market Impact of Preferential Agreements in E-commerce (2023).

^{^[51]} Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT), White Paper on Preferential Treatment in E-commerce (2023).

^{^[52]} Statista, Analysis of Exclusive Product Launches in E-commerce (2023).

^{^[53]} Maharashtra State Power Generation Co. Ltd. v. Coal India Ltd. & Ors., Case No. 3/2012 (CCI).

^{^[54]} Guidelines on Abuse of Dominance, Competition Commission of India (2019).

^{^[55]} OECD, Anti-Competitive Practices in E-commerce: A Global Review (2020).

^{^[56]} UNCTAD, E-commerce Logistics and Distribution in Developing Economies (2022).

^{^[57]} Statista, Impact of Subsidized Delivery on Small Vendors in E-commerce (2023).

^{^[58]} Alliance Bernstein, E-commerce in India: Market Dynamics and Competitive Strategies (2021).

^{^[59]} Sharma, Ramesh. “The Role of E-commerce in Marginalizing Indian SMEs.” Journal of Small Business Studies, vol. 12, no. 3, 2022.

^{^[60]}Sharma, Ramesh. “The Role of E-commerce in Marginalizing Indian SMEs.” Journal of Small Business Studies, vol. 12, no. 3, 2022.

^{^[61]}European Commission v. Google (Android Case), Case AT.40099 (2018).

^{^[62]} Delhi Vyapar Mahasangh v. Flipkart Internet Private Limited & Amazon Seller Services Private Limited, Case No. 40 of 2019 (CCI).

^{^[63]}Draft Digital Competition Bill, 2024, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, India.

^{^[64]}UNCTAD, Growing the Digital Economy for SMEs: A Policy Guide (2022).

^{^[65]} Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT), White Paper on Preferential and Exclusionary Practices in E-commerce (2023).

^{^[66]}Competition Commission of India (CCI), Algorithms and Market Distortions: An Analysis of E-commerce Practices (2023).

^{^[67]}UNCTAD, E-commerce and Its Impact on SMEs in Developing Countries (2022).

^{^[68]} Sharma, Ramesh. “Data Exploitation and the Rise of Private Labels in E-commerce.” Indian Competition Law Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, 2022.

^{^[69]} Consumer Protection Act, No. 35 of 2019, INDIA CODE (2019)

^{^[70]} OECD, Anti-competitive Advertising Practices in E-commerce (2020).

^{^[71]} Statista, Analysis of Penalties and Operational Hazards for E-commerce Sellers (2023).

^{^[72]} Maharashtra State Power Generation Co. Ltd. v. Coal India Ltd. & Ors., Case No. 3/2012 (CCI).

^{^[73]} Guidelines on Abuse of Dominance, Competition Commission of India (2019).

^{^[74]} Draft Digital Competition Bill, 2024, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, India.

^{^[75]} Draft E-commerce Rules, 2021, Ministry of Consumer Affairs.

^{^[76]} UNCTAD, Growing the Digital Economy for SMEs: A Policy Guide (2022).

^{^[77]} UNCTAD, E-commerce and Its Impact on Traditional Retail in Developing Economies (2022).

^{^[78]} Statista, Fast Commerce Market Growth and GMV Analysis (2023).

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IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

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