INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN MEDIA; A PERSPECTIVE BY - ARYA SURESH

Authors: ARYA SURESH

Registration ID: 108798 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8798

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: aryasuresh317@gmail.com

Page No : 14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-83478957/REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN MEDIA; A PERSPECTIVE

WOMENS RIGHT TO EQUALITY: COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN INDIA AND U.S.A BY - MANSI PAHAL

Authors: MANSI PAHAL

Registration ID: 108797 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8797

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: mansipahal99@gmail.com

Page No : 23 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-23346321/WOMENS RIGHT TO EQUALITY: COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS BET

BIODIVERSITY IS THE BIGGEST ENVIRONMENTAL THREAT BY - GOMATHI M

Authors: GOMATHI M

Registration ID: 108796 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8796

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: gomathimuruganmurugan@gmail.com

Page No : 10 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-98257341/BIODIVERSITY IS THE BIGGEST ENVIRONMENTAL THREAT

CLOUD COMPUTING AND DATA SOVEREIGNTY: NAVIGATING LEGAL AND REGULATORY CHALLENGES BY - PRASHANT DUBEY & DR. RAZIT SHARMA

Authors: PRASHANT DUBEY? & DR. RAZIT SHARMA

Registration ID: 108794 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8794 & IJLRA8795

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: prashantdubey252@gmail.com & razitsharma@gmail.com

Page No : 26 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-42352684/CLOUD COMPUTING AND DATA SOVEREIGNTY: NAVIGATING L

AN ANALYSIS ON ROLE OF PUBLIC IN ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE BY - P.SORNAMUGI, T.VARSHA, A.VENKATESH NANTHAKUMAR & DR.B.LAVARAJU

Authors: P.SORNAMUGI , T.VARSHA , A.VENKATESH NANTHAKUMAR & DR.B.LAVARAJU

Registration ID: 108790 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8790, IJLRA8791, IJLRA8792 & IJLRA8793

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: sornamugipasupathi@gmail.com

Page No : 27 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-91189758/AN ANALYSIS ON ROLE OF PUBLIC IN ADMINISTRATION OF

GENDER DISPARITY IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: ANALYZING THE CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND POTENTIAL REFORMS BY - SWASTIK SINGH

Authors: SWASTIK SINGH

Registration ID: 108789 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8789

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: swastik2000singh@gmail.com

Page No : 13 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-81678959/GENDER DISPARITY IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: A

COMMENT: M/S UMESH GOEL V. HIMACHAL PRADESH COOPERATIVE GROUP HOUSING SOCIETY LTD. BY - SHREYA PANKAJ

Authors: SHREYA PANKAJ

Registration ID: 108788 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8788

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: shreyapankaj6@ilc.du.ac.in

Page No : 13 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-35652375/COMMENT: M/S UMESH GOEL V. HIMACHAL PRADESH COOPER

POLITICAL NEUTRALITY IS A DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTIC OF INDIAN CIVIL SERVANT BY: HARSHI GAUTAM & SRISHTI GUPTA

Authors: HARSHI GAUTAM & SRISHTI GUPTA

Registration ID: 108787 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8786 & IJLRA8787

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: harshigautam242@gmail.com & gsrishti906@gmail.com

Page No : 18 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-59874728/POLITICAL NEUTRALITY IS A DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTIC

NAVIGATING LEGAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN AI-DRIVEN HEALTHCARE: ENSURING ACCOUNTABILITY, TRANSPARENCY, AND PATIENT PROTECTION BY - JANVI ASHIKA G

Authors: JANVI ASHIKA G

Registration ID: 108785 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8785

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: janviashikag@gmail.com

Page No : 19 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-97396967/NAVIGATING LEGAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN AI-DRIV

PROTECTION OF PRIVACY IN THE IT AGE AND THE CHALLENGES BEFORE INDIAN LAW: AN ANALYSIS BY: JUNAK GOSWAMI

Authors: JUNAK GOSWAMI

Registration ID: 108784 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8784

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: nehulaw.junak@gmail.com

Page No : 17 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-25583824/PROTECTION OF PRIVACY IN THE IT AGE AND THE CHALLE

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

Accessibility:Open Access

License:Creative Commons 4.0

Submit Manuscript:Click here

Licensing:

All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Disclaimer:

The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

^{^[2]} Aveek Sarkar & Anr vs State of West Bengal And Anr, AIR (2014) SCC 257

^{^[3]} THE INDECENT REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN (PROHIBITION) ACT,1986, Section 2(c)

^{^[4]} THE INDECENT REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN (PROHIBITION) ACT, 1986, Section 3

^{^[5]} THE INDECENT REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN (PROHIBITION) ACT, 1986, Section 4

^{^[6]} THE INDECENT REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN (PROHIBITION) ACT, 1986, Section 4

^{^[7]} THE INDECENT REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN (PROHIBITION) ACT, 1986, Section 5(1)(a)

^{^[8]} THE INDECENT REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN (PROHIBITION) ACT, 1986, Section 5(1)(b)

^{^[9]} THE INDECENT REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN(PROHIBITION) ACT, 1986, Section 5(1)(c)

^{^[10]} THE INDECENT REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN(PROHIBITION) ACT, 1986, Section 5(2), 5(3)

^{^[11]} THE INDECENT REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN(PROHIBITION) ACT, 1986, Section 6

^{^[12]} Ajay Goswami v. Union of India (2007) 1 SCC 143

^{^[13]} Ranjit. D. Udeshi v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1965

^{^[14]} Ranjit. D. Udeshi v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1965

^{^[15]} Felix M.A vs P.B Gangadharan, (2018) Ker HC, 7778

[1] ARISTOTLE, THE NICOMACHEAN ETHICS OF ARISTOTLE 20-21 (Penguin Classics 2004).

[2] Holtmaat, R, Cedaw and the European Union’s Policy in the Field of Combating Gender Discrimination, 12 MJECL. 399, 421-423 (2005)

[3] John Hasnas, Equal Opportunity, Affirmative Action, and the Anti-Discrimination Principle: The Philosophical Basis for the Legal Prohibition of Discrimination, 71 FORDHAM L. REV. 423, 429-41 (2002).

[4] INDIA CONST. art. 14, 15, cl. 3, Art. 16, Art 39, cl. a.

[5] Oishik Sircar, The Fallacy of equality, 5 CCDS, 60, 67-68 (2008).

[6] The High Court has wider powers under Article 226 for writ jurisdiction compared to Supreme Court's power under Article 32.

[7] Shayara Bano v. Union of India, (2017) 9 SCC 1 (India).

[11] TARUNABH KHAITAN, A THEORY OF DISCRIMINATION LAW, 159–162 (Oxford University Press 2015).

[12] Brooks v. Canada Safeway Ltd., (1989) 1 S.C.R. 1219, 1243 (1989) (Can).

[13] Donna M. Eansor, To Bespeak the Obvious: A Substantive Equality Analysis of Reproduction and Equal Employment, 6 Notre Dame J.L. Ethics & Pub. Pol'y 417, 418-419 (1992).

[14] Kathleen M. Sullivan, Constitutionalizing Women's Equality, 90 Cal. L. Rev. 735, 738-39 (2002).

[17] Catharine A. MacKinnon, Substantive Equality: A Perspective, 96 MINN. L. REV. 1 (2011).

[19] ARCHANA PARASHAR, WOMEN AND FAMILY LAW IN INDIA: UNIFORM CIVIL CODE AND GENDER EQUALITY, (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications 1992).

[20] INDIRA JAISING, SUPREME BUT NOT INFALLIBLE: ESSAYS IN HONOUR OF THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA 288, 306–309 (2000).

[21] E. P. Royappa v. State of Tamil Nadu A.I.R. 1974 S.C. 555 (strict nexus test abandoned in favour of broader arbitrariness test to determine discriminatory classifications under article 14); Shri Ram Krishna Dalmia v. Shri Justice S. R. Tendolkar, (1959) S.C.R. 279 (classifications valid for purposes of article 14) (India).

[23] Pannalal Bansilal Pitti v. State of A.P., (1996) 2 S.C.C. 498, 510 (India).

[24] Vijaya Kumar v. State of A.P. A.I.R. 1995 S.C. 1648 (India).

[25] The need for Supreme Court’s stance in the Kush Kalra Petition allowing women to take admission exam to National Defense Academy (NDA) for 2021 attempt makes it evident for the role of courts in upholding women’s basic right to equality.

[26] M.P. JAIN, INDIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, 992 (Lexis Nexis 2011).

[27] Indira Sawhney v. Union of India A.I.R. 1992 S.C. 477 (India).

[29] Flavia Agnes, The debate on triple talaq and Muslim women's rights is missing out on some crucial facts, SCROLL (May 25, 2016, 10:30 AM) https://scroll.in/article/808588/the-debate-on-triple-talaq-and-muslim-womens-rights-is-missing-out-on-some-crucial-facts.

[30] Jospeh Tussman and Jacobus tenbroek, The Equal Protection of the Laws, 37 CAL. L. REV. 341 (1949).

[32] Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), Planned Parenthood of South-eastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992), and Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt 579 U.S. 582 (2016).

* Research Scholar, LL.M, ICFAI Law School, The ICFAI University Dehradun.

[1] Peter Mell & Timothy Grance, The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing, NIST Special Publication 800-145, at 2 (2011), https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-145 (last visited Nov. 25, 2024).

[2] Peter K. Yu, Data Sovereignty in the Cloud, 6 U. Ill. L. Rev. 1893, 1895 (2018).

[3] U.N. Conf. on Trade & Dev., Data Protection Regulations and International Data Flows: Implications for Trade and Development, U.N. Doc. UNCTAD/DTL/STICT/2016/1, at 9 (2016), https://unctad.org/webflyer/data-protection-regulations-and-international-data-flows (last visited Nov. 25, 2024).

[4] Laura K. Donohue, Section 702 and the Collection of International Data, 38 Harv. J.L. & Pub. Pol’y 117 (2015).

[5] Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act (CLOUD Act), Pub. L. No. 115-141, § 105, 132 Stat. 348 (2018).

[6] Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 (General Data Protection Regulation), 2016 O.J. (L 119) 1.

[7] The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (India).

[8] Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China, adopted by the Standing Comm. Nat’l People’s Cong., 7th Sess., June 1, 2017.

[9] European Comm’n, EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework, https://ec.europa.eu/info/data-protection (last visited Nov. 25, 2024).

[10] Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 (General Data Protection Regulation), 2016 O.J. (L 119) 1.

[11] Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act (CLOUD Act), Pub. L. No. 115-141, § 105, 132 Stat. 348 (2018).

[12] The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (India).

[13] Graham Greenleaf, Global Data Privacy Laws: 2020 Edition, 165 Privacy L. & Pol’y Rep. 3 (2020).

[14] Glenn Greenwald, No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. Surveillance State, at 45 (2014).

[15] European Comm’n, EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework, https://ec.europa.eu/info/data-protection (last visited Nov. 25, 2024).

[16] Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019, https://www.meity.gov.in/ (last visited Nov. 25, 2024).

[17] Reserve Bank of India, Storage of Payment System Data, Notification No. RBI/2017-18/153 (Apr. 6, 2018), https://rbi.org.in/ (last visited Nov. 25, 2024).

[18] Federal Law No. 242-FZ, On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation for the Purposes of Personal Data Processing in Information and Telecommunication Networks (2014).

[19] Graham Greenleaf, Global Data Privacy Laws: 2020 Edition, 165 Privacy L. & Pol’y Rep. 3 (2020).

[20] Council of Europe, Convention 108+, https://www.coe.int/en/web/data-protection/convention108 (last visited Nov. 25, 2024).

[21] Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), Art. 14.11, Mar. 8, 2018.

[22] GDPR, Regulation (EU) 2016/679, 2016 O.J. (L 119) 1.

[23] California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, Cal. Civ. Code § 1798.100 et seq. (2018).

[24] Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (India).

[25] Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act (CLOUD Act), Pub. L. No. 115-141, § 105, 132 Stat. 348 (2018).

[26] OECD, The Economic and Social Impacts of Data Localization, OECD Digital Economy Papers No. 270 (2016).

[27] Amnesty Int’l, Surveillance Giants: How the Business Model of Google and Facebook Threatens Human Rights, https://www.amnesty.org (last visited Nov. 25, 2024).

[28] Amnesty Int’l, Surveillance Giants: How the Business Model of Google and Facebook Threatens Human Rights, https://www.amnesty.org (last visited Nov. 25, 2024).

[29] GDPR, Regulation (EU) 2016/679, 2016 O.J. (L 119) 1.

[30] ASEAN, ASEAN Framework on Personal Data Protection, https://asean.org/ (last visited Nov. 25, 2024).

[31] Reserve Bank of India, Storage of Payment System Data, Notification No. RBI/2017-18/153 (Apr. 6, 2018), https://rbi.org.in/ (last visited Nov. 25, 2024).

[32] Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (India).

[34] Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India, (2017) 10 SCC 1 (India).

[35] Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-191, 110 Stat. 1936 (1996).

[36] Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998, 15 U.S.C. §§ 6501–6506 (1998).

[37] Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act (CLOUD Act), Pub. L. No. 115-141, § 105, 132 Stat. 348 (2018).

[38] California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, Cal. Civ. Code § 1798.100 et seq. (2018).

[39] U.S. Dep’t of Commerce, Privacy Shield Framework, https://www.privacyshield.gov/ (last visited Nov. 25, 2024).

[4] Dr. B. Lavaraju, LLD Scholar, DSNLU, Visakhapatnam

[1] The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.

[2] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Gender in the Criminal Justice System, https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-gender.html (last visited Oct. 28, 2024).

[3] Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, Advisory on Increasing Representation of Women in Police, No. 15011/21/2020-SC/ST-W, https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/AdvisoriesonincreaseofWomeninpolice_30062021.pdf (last visited Oct. 28, 2024).

[8] Justice Hima Kohli on Women in Law, livelaw.in (Oct.28,2024), https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/justice-hima-kohli-women-in-law-100-years-to-legal-practitioners-women-act-273748

[9] Vishaka & Ors vs State Of Rajasthan & Ors AIR 1997 SUPREME COURT 3011

[11] Rahul Yadav, Case of Karauli: The Struggle for Gender Justice in Indian Judiciary, Feminism in India (Apr. 5, 2024), https://feminisminindia.com/2024/04/05/case-of-karauli-the-struggle-for-gender-justice-in-indian-judiciary/.

[13] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Gender in the Criminal Justice System, Justice and Prison Reform, https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-gender.html (last visited Nov. 5, 2024).

[1] Indian Partnership Act 1932 (Act 9 of 1932)..

[5] M/S UMESH GOEL V. HIMACHAL PRADESH COOPERATIVE GROUP HOUSING SOCIETY LTD., (2016) 11 SCC 313

[11] Arbitration And Conciliation Act 1996, s 11.

[12] Arbitration And Conciliation Act 1996, s 34.

[13] Himachal Pradesh Cooperative Group Housing Society Ltd. vs Umesh Goel And Anr., 2007(4)ARBLR353(DELHI)

[16] Ashok KM, Arbitration proceedings not barred under Section 69(3) of the Partnership Act: SC, LIVELAW, (June 17, 2024, 12:56 PM)

https://www.livelaw.in/arbitration-proceedings-not-barred-section-693-partnership-act-sc/

[18] Arbitration And Conciliation Act 1996 ( Act 26 of 1996).

[21] Arbitration And Conciliation Act 1996, s 36.

[28] Arbitration And Conciliation Act 1996, s 35.

[29] Arbitration And Conciliation Act 1996, s 36.

[30] [30] Ashok KM, Arbitration proceedings not barred under Section 69(3) of the Partnership Act: SC, LIVELAW, (June 17, 2024, 12:56 PM)

[31] Jagdish Chander Gupta vs Kajaria Traders (India) Ltd, 1964 AIR 1882

[33] Arbitration And Conciliation Act 1996 ( Act 26 of 1996).

[34] Kamal Pushp Enterprises vs D.R. Construction Company, AIR 2000 SUPREME COURT 2676.

[1] The All-India Services Act, 1951 (India), 0002 <www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1363/1/A1951__61.pdf> accessed 6 August 2024.

[4] Press Information Bureau Government of India Vice President's Secretariat (Press Information bureau 2022) <https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1818722> accessed 9 August 2024.

[5] The Indian Administrative Service (Recruitment) Rules, 1954, 0094 <https://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/Revised_AIS_Rule_Vol_II_IAS_Rule_03.pdf> accessed 7 August 2024.

[9] ‘Speaking Truth to Power? The Search for Bureaucratic Independence in Canada’ (2005) 55(1) The University of Toronto Law Journal 1, 0006 <www.jstor.org/stable/4491637> accessed 9 August 2024.

[10] Political Neutrality in Civil Service Legal Framework and Quality of Implementation (USAID and IRC 2021) 0006 <https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00Z6WP.pdf> accessed 12 August 2024.

[11] Vivek Krishna Versus Union of India & Ors., Supreme Court, 18 April 2022, Writ Petition No. 1034/2021, SCC (India) 0020 <www.scconline.com/Members/SearchResult.aspx> accessed 12 August 2024.

[13] The All-India Services Act, 1951 (India), <www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1363/1/A1951__61.pdf> accessed 12 August 2024.

[14] All India Services (conduct) Rule, 1968, <https://ips.gov.in/ActsRules/Revised_AIS_Rule_Vol_I_Rule_10.pdf> accessed 14 September 2024.

[19] Mohmmad Danish, Govt Urges Employees to Use Social Media Properly (Brighter Kashmir 2024) <https://brighterkashmir.com/govt-urges-employees-to-use-social-media-properly#google_vignette> accessed 15 August 2024.

[20] PC Hota, Committee on Civil Service Reforms (Government of India 2004) 0019 <https://upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/Sl-028-PCHotaComttRpt-2004.pdf> accessed 16 August 2024.

[21] ‘The Principle of Political Neutrality of Civil Servants’ (Civil Service Bureau the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, 9 June 2004) <www.csb.gov.hk/english/info/1672.html> accessed 16 August 2024. (emphasis added)

[23] Standards of Conduct for the International Civil Service (International), <https://icsc.un.org/Resources/General/Publications/standardsE.pdf> accessed 20 August 2024.

[24] ‘The Principle of Political Neutrality of Civil Servants’ (Civil Service Bureau the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, 9 June 2004) <www.csb.gov.hk/english/info/1672.html> accessed 16 August 2024. (emphasis added)

[25] ‘Maharashtra Home Minister Sought ?100 Crore a Month From Sachin Vaze, Says Mumbai Police Ex-Chief’ (The Hindu, 20 March 2021) <www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/minister-demanded-funds-from-officer-says-ex-mumbai-police-chief/article34119604.ece> accessed 21 August 2024.

[26] The Wire Staff, ‘‘Rath Prabhari’ Move Illegal as It Is Wholesale Politicisation of Civil Services: EAS Sarma’ (The Wire) <https://thewire.in/government/rath-prabhari-illegal-wholesale-politicisation-civil-services-eas-sarma> accessed 20 August 2024.

[1] Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), Art. 25.

[2] International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), Art. 12.

[3] Qiao Jin, et al. Hidden Flaws Behind Expert-Level Accuracy of Multimodal GPT-4 Vision in Medicine. npj Digital Medicine, 2024, 10.1038/s41746-024-01185-7.

[4] Food and Drug Administration (FDA), available at: https://www.fda.gov/

[5] European Medicines Agency (EMA), available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/homepage

[6] Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), available at: https://cdsco.gov.in/opencms/opencms/en/Home/

[9] Regulation (EU) 2017/745 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2017 on medical devices, 2017.

[10] Regulation (EU) 2017/746 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2017 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices, 2017.

[11] Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act), 2024.

[13] Tumaini Kabudi, et al. AI-enabled adaptive learning systems: A systematic mapping of the literature, Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, Volume 2, 100017, (2021), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100017.

[14] V. Sounderajah, et al. Developing specific reporting guidelines for diagnostic accuracy studies assessing AI interventions: The STARD-AI Steering Group. Nat Med 26, 807–808 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0941-1

[15] A. Marey, et al. Explainability, transparency and black box challenges of AI in radiology: impact on patient care in cardiovascular radiology. Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med 55, 183 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43055-024-01356-2

[16] Xavier Ferrer, et al. Bias and Discrimination in AI: A Cross-Disciplinary Perspective. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. 40. 72-80, (2021). 10.1109/MTS.2021.3056293

[17] General Data Protection Regulation, L119, p. 1–88, 4 May 2016.

[18] UNESCO's first-ever global standard on AI ethics – the ‘Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence’, adopted in 2021, is applicable to all 194 member states of UNESCO. 16 May 2023, Last update:26 September 2024.

[19] Grote, Thomas, and Geoff Keeling. “On Algorithmic Fairness in Medical Practice.” Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 83-94, (2022),

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180121000839.

[20] Bernstein MH, et al. Can incorrect artificial intelligence (AI) results impact radiologists, and if so, what can we do about it? A multi-reader pilot study of lung cancer detection with chest radiography. Eur Radiol. (Nov 2023); 33(11):8263-8269. doi: 10.1007/s00330-023-09747-1.

[21] Obermeyer, Ziad, et al. “Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations.” Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), vol. 366, no. 6464, pp. 447–453, (2019), https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aax2342

[23] Ahsan MM, et al. Machine-learning-based disease diagnosis: a comprehensive review. Healthcare. 10(3):541, (2022), https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030541.

[24] Myszczynska MA, et al. Applications of machine learning to diagnosis and treatment of neuro degenerative Diseases, Nat Reviews Neurol, 16(8):440–56, (2020), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-020-0377-8.

[25] Channa R, et al. Autonomous artificial intelligence in diabetic retinopathy: from algorithm to clinical application, J Diabetes Sci Technol, (2021), https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1932296820909900

[26] Fenton JJ, et al. Influence of computer-aided detection on performance of screening mammography. N Engl J Med. 356(14):1399-1409, (2007).

[27] Karnika Singh &Praveen Selvam, Medical device risk management, Trends in Development of Medical Devices, Academic Press, Pages 65-76, (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820960-8.00005-8

[28] Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 1

[29] Parikh RB, Teeple S, Navathe AS. Addressing Bias in Artificial Intelligence in Health Care. JAMA.322(24):2377–2378 (2019) https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2756196

[30] D. Cirillo, et al. Sex and gender differences and biases in artificial intelligence for biomedicine and healthcare. npj Digit. Med. 3, 81 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-0288-5

[31] Juhn YJ, et al. Assessing socioeconomic bias in machine learning algorithms in health care: a case study of the HOUSES index. J Am Med Inform Assoc.29(7):1142-1151, (Jun 14, 2022), https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9196683/

[32] Esteva A, et al. Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks. Nature. 542(7639):115–8, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21056.

[36] Civil Rights Act of 1964; 7/2/1964; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789 - 2011; General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11; National Archives Building, Washington, DC.

[38] Williams, Betsy Anne, et al. “How Algorithms Discriminate Based on Data They Lack: Challenges, Solutions, and Policy Implications.” Journal of Information Policy (University Park, Pa.), vol. 8, pp. 78-115, (2018), https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.8.2018.0078.

[39] Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023, Government of India.

[40] Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016.

[41] S. Bhattacharya, "IBM Watson for Oncology and the AI revolution in healthcare: A critical review." Journal of Cancer Policy, 24, 100191, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpo.2020.100191

[42] Sweeney, L. "Google Health's AI and the 2020 Misdiagnosis Lawsuit: Implications for Healthcare and Data Privacy." Journal of Health Law and Policy, 32(2), 215-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlp.2020.05.003

[43] Le, M. H., & Nguyen, T. "AI in Radiology: Implications for Diagnostic Accuracy and Errors." Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, 51(4), 468-474, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2020.02.002

[44] Rajkomar, A., et al. "Scalable and accurate deep learning for electronic health records." npj Digital Medicine, 1, 18, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-018-0029-1

[45] Mazzone, P., et al. "Legal and Ethical Implications of Autonomous Robotic Surgery." Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery, 15(2), 115-124, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.21815

[1] Statista, ‘Global Number of Data Breaches 2005-2023’ (Statista) https://www.statista.com/statistics/1459417/data-breaches-worldwide/ [accessed 28 November 2024].

[2] Statista, ‘Number of Mobile Internet Users in India 2015-2023’ (Statista) https://www.statista.com/statistics/558610/number-of-mobile-internet-user-in-india/ [accessed 28 November 2024].

[3] United Nations, ‘UN Entities Issue Joint Statement on Data Protection and Privacy’ (UN) https://www.un.org/en/delegate/un-entities-issue-joint-statement-data-protection-and-privacy [accessed 28 November 2024].

[8] Legal Services India, 'Surveillance in India and its Legalities' (Legal Services India, 2020) http://www.legalservicesindia.com/article/2162/Surveillance-in-India-and-its-Legalities.html [accessed 25 November 2024].

[9] K.S. Puttaswamy v Union of India (2017) 10 SCC 1.

[10] Ritesh Sinha v State of Uttar Pradesh and Anr (2019) 8 SCC 1.

[12] Shreya Singhal v Union of India (2015) 5 SCC 1.

[14] People’s Union for Civil Liberties v Union of India (1997) 1 SCC 301.

[15] Internet and Mobile Association of India v Reserve Bank of India (2020) 10 SCC 274.

[18] Kalandi Charan Lenka v State of Odisha (2017) SCC Online Ori 650.

[23] Google India Pvt Ltd v Visakha Industries (2020) 11 SCC 96.

[26] Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023, s 44(2)(a).

[28] B.N. Srikrishna Committee, A Free and Fair Digital Economy: Protecting Privacy, Empowering Indians (Committee of Experts under the Chairmanship of Justice B.N. Srikrishna, July 2018) https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Data_Protection_Committee_Report.pdf [accessed 25 November 2024].

[29] Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023, s 2(t).

[41] European Union, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (General Data Protection Regulation) [2016] OJ L119/1, arts 3, 44–46.

REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN MEDIA; A PERSPECTIVE BY - ARYA SURESH

WOMENS RIGHT TO EQUALITY: COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN INDIA AND U.S.A BY - MANSI PAHAL

BIODIVERSITY IS THE BIGGEST ENVIRONMENTAL THREAT BY - GOMATHI M

CLOUD COMPUTING AND DATA SOVEREIGNTY: NAVIGATING LEGAL AND REGULATORY CHALLENGES BY - PRASHANT DUBEY & DR. RAZIT SHARMA

AN ANALYSIS ON ROLE OF PUBLIC IN ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE BY - P.SORNAMUGI, T.VARSHA, A.VENKATESH NANTHAKUMAR & DR.B.LAVARAJU

GENDER DISPARITY IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: ANALYZING THE CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND POTENTIAL REFORMS BY - SWASTIK SINGH

COMMENT: M/S UMESH GOEL V. HIMACHAL PRADESH COOPERATIVE GROUP HOUSING SOCIETY LTD. BY - SHREYA PANKAJ

POLITICAL NEUTRALITY IS A DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTIC OF INDIAN CIVIL SERVANT BY: HARSHI GAUTAM & SRISHTI GUPTA

NAVIGATING LEGAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN AI-DRIVEN HEALTHCARE: ENSURING ACCOUNTABILITY, TRANSPARENCY, AND PATIENT PROTECTION BY - JANVI ASHIKA G

PROTECTION OF PRIVACY IN THE IT AGE AND THE CHALLENGES BEFORE INDIAN LAW: AN ANALYSIS BY: JUNAK GOSWAMI

LAW JOURNAL

IMPORTANT LINKS

ETHICS & POLICY

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation 2