INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

JUDICIAL ACTIVISM AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION BY - PRADNYA P. DABHADE

Authors: PRADNYA P. DABHADE

Registration ID: 107263 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7263

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: dabhadepradnya19@gmail.com

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DO WE ACTUALLY NEED TO DO AWAY WITH CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN INDIA? BY - VEDANT KALKHANDAY

Authors: VEDANT KALKHANDAY

Registration ID: 107262 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7262

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: vedantkalkhanday@gmail.com

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ALTERNATIVE TO PUNISHMENTS IN INDIAN JUDICIARY BY - UDAYANIDHI P

Authors: UDAYANIDHI P

Registration ID: 107261 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7261

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: udayanidhi2001@gmail.com

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“FEDERALISM IN INDIA AND USA: A COMPARITIVE STUDY” AUTHORED BY - PRANALI SUNIL GAWADE

Authors: PRANALI SUNIL GAWADE

Registration ID: 107260 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7260

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: Pranaligawade205@gmail.com

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A TALE OF TWO FATES: EXPLORING DISPARITIES BETWEEN PRIVILEGED CLASS PRISONERS AND OTHERS IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM BY - ARCHANA SHARMA

Authors: ARCHANA SHARMA

Registration ID: 107257 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7257

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: archanasharma8917@gmail.com

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MON-SAINT OR SINNER BY - SHERIN RACHEL SANTHOSH

Authors: SHERIN RACHEL SANTHOSH

Registration ID: 107256 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7256

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: shwetasabuji@gmail.com

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E- GOVERNANCE: A GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE BY - MEGHNA TYAGI

Authors: MEGHNA TYAGI

Registration ID: 107255 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7255

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: meghnatyagi35@gmail.com

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INTRISTIC AIDS IN US LAW BY - TEJAS SINGH & EDWIN LEPCHA

Authors: TEJAS SINGH & EDWIN LEPCHA

Registration ID: 107253 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7253 & IJLRA7254

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: edwinlepcha11@gmail.com

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PERSPECTIVES ON ELECTORAL REFORMS IN INDIA: INSIGHTS FROM THE SUPREME COURT AND LAW COMMISSION BY - SOFTY TIBRIWAL & GANESH SHARMA

Authors: SOFTY TIBRIWAL & GANESH SHARMA

Registration ID: 107251 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7251 & IJLRA7252

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: tibriwalsofty20@gmail.com & ganeshsharma2308@gmail.com

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SEDITION LAW IN INDIA BY - GAURAV KUMAR, ANIKET KUMAR & DR VIVEK KUMAR

Authors: GAURAV KUMAR, ANIKET KUMAR & DR VIVEK KUMAR

Registration ID: 107250 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7250, IJLRA7258 & IJLRA7259

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: gauravkrsingh014@gmail.com

Page No: 19 | No of times Downloads: 0065

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International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

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All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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[1] The author is a student of First year (2^nd semester), L.LM at Chanakya National Law University at Patna .

[2] see Edwin H. Sutherland, White Collar Crime: The Uncut Version, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1949).

[3] See John H. Langbein, "The Origins of Adversary Criminal Trial" (2003) 50 American Journal of Legal History 291.

[4] See: National Institute on Drug Abuse. "Understanding Drug Use and Addiction." Available online at https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/understanding-drug-use-addiction.

[5] See John H. Langbein, "The Origins of Adversary Criminal Trial" (2003) 50 American Journal of Legal History 291.

[6] See John Howard Association, "Education and Vocational Training for Prisoners" (2018)

[7] See Adam J. McKee, "Introduction to Correctional Administration,".

[8] See David Cole, "No Equal Justice: Race and Class in the American Criminal Justice System" (New Press, 1999).

[9] See the National Institute of Justice, "What Works in Criminal Justice?

[10] See Pretrial Justice Institute, "Alternatives to Money Bail,

[1] Kruft David, ‘Impacts of Genetically-Modified Crops and Seeds on Farmers’ [2001] The Agricultural Law Resource and Reference Center https://pennstatelaw.psu.edu/_file/aglaw/Impacts_of_Genetically_Modified.pdf.

[3] Kruft David, ‘Impacts of Genetically-Modified Crops and Seeds on Farmers’ [2001] The Agricultural Law Resource and Reference Center https://pennstatelaw.psu.edu/_file/aglaw/Impacts_of_Genetically_Modified.pdf.

[5] ‘Monsanto: Corporate Rap Sheet | Corporate Research Project’ https://www.corp-research.org/monsanto.

[8] Sandri, Rachel N, ‘The Effects of Monsanto on Indian Farmer Suicide Rates’ [2017] Salve Regina University https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=env334_justice.

[11] Sandri, Rachel N, ‘The Effects of Monsanto on Indian Farmer Suicide Rates’ [2017] Salve Regina University https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=env334_justice.

[14] Sandri, Rachel N, ‘The Effects of Monsanto on Indian Farmer Suicide Rates’ [2017] Salve Regina University https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=env334_justice.

[17]Local NYU, ‘The Vicious Cycle Of Farmer Suicide, Human Trafficking, And Monsanto’ (Medium, 16 November 2016) https://nyulocal.com/the-vicious-cycle-of-farmer-suicide-human-trafficking-and-monsanto-a2fcdb34040f.

[19] Sandri, Rachel N, ‘The Effects of Monsanto on Indian Farmer Suicide Rates’ [2017] Salve Regina University https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=env334_justice.

[20] Wojciechowski V, ‘ MONSANTO: THE DEATH OF AMERICAN FARMING’ 23 ILLINOIS BUSINESS LAW JOURNAL https://publish.illinois.edu/illinoisblj/files/2018/05/IBLJ-Vol-23-P.-70-78_Wojciechowski-.pdf.

[22] ‘Monsanto vs. U.S. Farmers’ (Center for Food Safety 2005).

[24] Wojciechowski V, ‘ MONSANTO: THE DEATH OF AMERICAN FARMING’ 23 ILLINOIS BUSINESS LAW JOURNAL https://publish.illinois.edu/illinoisblj/files/2018/05/IBLJ-Vol-23-P.-70-78_Wojciechowski-.pdf.

[27] Wojciechowski V, ‘ MONSANTO: THE DEATH OF AMERICAN FARMING’ 23 ILLINOIS BUSINESS LAW JOURNAL https://publish.illinois.edu/illinoisblj/files/2018/05/IBLJ-Vol-23-P.-70-78_Wojciechowski-.pdf.

[28] ‘Monsanto: Corporate Rap Sheet | Corporate Research Project’ https://www.corp-research.org/monsanto.

[30]‘Monsanto Government Influence Has Fueled Unrivaled Corporate Power’ (Baum Hedlund Aristei & Goldman) https://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/blog/2017/may/monsanto-government-influence-has-fueled-unrival/.

[32] ‘Monsanto: Corporate Rap Sheet | Corporate Research Project’ https://www.corp-research.org/monsanto.

[33] France-Presse A, ‘French Court Finds Monsanto Guilty of Poisoning Farmer’ The Guardian (11 April 2019) https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/apr/11/french-court-finds-monsanto-guilty-of-poisoning-farmer.

[34] France-Presse A, ‘French Court Finds Monsanto Guilty of Poisoning Farmer’ The Guardian (11 April 2019) https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/apr/11/french-court-finds-monsanto-guilty-of-poisoning-farmer.

[35] France-Presse A, ‘French Court Finds Monsanto Guilty of Poisoning Farmer’ The Guardian (11 April 2019) https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/apr/11/french-court-finds-monsanto-guilty-of-poisoning-farmer.

^{^[1]} Commonwealth Network of Information Technology For Development Foundation (Malta), Country Profiles of E- Governance, UNESCO (Mar, 5, 2024, 05:10 AM), https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000127601.

^{^[2]} Planning Commission, Report of the Working Group on Convergence and E- Governance for the Tenth Five Year Plan, Paragraph 83, (2001).

^{^[3]} S. K. Pradhan and P. Kumar, “E- Governance in India: A Case Study of Haryana”, South Asia Politics, 34-37 (2010).

^{^[4]} Second Administrative Commission, Eleventh Report, Promoting e- Governance Smart Way Forward.

^{^[6]} UNESCO, Internet Governance Glossary, UNESCO (Mar, 7, 2024, 06:30 PM), https://en.unesco.org/glossaries/igg.

^{^[7]} Council of Europe, E- Governance, Council of Europe (Mar, 10, 2024, 04:00 PM), https://www.coe.int/t/dgap/democracy/Activities/GGIS/E-governance/.

^{^[8]} Pan Suk Kim, Development of Democratic E- Governance in Cyberspace & Shaping E- Governance for Quality of Life, 15 (2004).

^{^[9]} Nikita Yadav and V.B. Singh, E- Governance: Past, Present and Future in India, 53 IJCA. 36, 37-38 (2012).

^{^[10]} Second Administrative Commission, Eleventh Report, Promoting e- Governance Smart Way Forward.

^{^[11]} Himanshu Sangrola and Rahul Palaria, E- Governance in India, IJET. 318, 318 (2017).

^{^[12]} Karnataka Government, Khajane- Karnatak's Online Treasury System, Karnataka Government (Mar, 15, 2024, 08:20 PM), https://www.karnataka.com/govt/khajane/.

^{^[13]} Akshaya, Akshaya- Gateway of Opportunities, Kerala Government (Mar, 15, 2024, 08:45 PM), http://www.akshaya.kerala.gov.in/.

^{^[14]} Bengaluru Urban District, Bhoomi- Comprehensive System of Land Management, Karnataka Government (Mar, 15, 2024, 09:00 PM), https://bengaluruurban.nic.in/en/bhoomi/.

^{^[16]} Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Lokvani in Uttar Pradesh, Govt. of India (Mar, 17, 2024, 03:10 PM) https://darpg.gov.in/webcast/lokvani-uttar-pradesh.

^{^[18]} E Mitra, About E Mitra, Rajasthan Government (Mar, 17, 2024, 04:15 PM) https://emitra.rajasthan.gov.in/emitra/about.

^{^[19]} Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, National e- Governance Plan, Government of India (Mar, 17, 2024, 04:30 PM) https://www.meity.gov.in/divisions/national-e-governance-plan.

^{^[20]} Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, State Wide Area Network, Government of India (Mar, 18, 2024, 03:30 PM) https://www.meity.gov.in/content/state-wide-area-network-swan-0.

^{^[21]} Himanshu Sangrola and Rahul Palaria, E- Governance in India, IJET. 318, 320 (2017).

^{^[22]} Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, e- Kranti, Government of India (Mar, 18, 2024, 04:00 PM) https://www.meity.gov.in/content/e-kranti.

^{^[23]} Press Information Bureau, Approach and Key Components of e- Kranti- National e- Governance Plan 2.0, Government of India (Mar, 19, 2024, 02:00 PM) https://pib.gov.in/newsite/printrelease.aspx?relid=117690.

^{^[24]} Raghuraj Khullar, E- Governance in India: Problems and Solutions, 11 IJCRT. 607, 608-609 (2023).

^{^[25]} Nagaraj K. , E- Governance in India: Issues and Challenges, 7, IOSR-JEF. 50, 54 (2016).

^{^[1]} St. Louis, Earl Crawford, Construction of Statutes: Including a General Discussion of Certain Foundational Subjects (4th edn, Thomas Law Book Co.)

^{^[3]} Antonin Scalia, Bryan a Garner, Reading Law: The Interpretation of Legal Texts (1^st edn, Thomson).

^{^[4]} Adler, Matthew D and Kenneth Einar Himma, The Rule of Recognition and the U.S. Constitution (N.Y.: OUP 2009).

^{^[6]} 194 S.E. 278 (1937).

^{^[11]} M Bacon, A new Abridgment of the Law (first published 1736, Bird Wilson 1842).

^{^[18]}188 N.J. Super. 656, 458 A.2d 165 (N.J. Super. Law Div. 1983).

[1] 5^th year, B.B.A., LL.B. (Hons.) at Amity University, Rajasthan

[2] 5^th year, B.Com LL.B. (Hons.) at Amity University, Rajasthan

[3] The first electoral reform bill was presented in Lok Sabha in 1973, but it was never approved.

[4] [The minimum number] of judges who are to sit for the purpose of deciding any case involving a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this constitution or for the purpose of hearing any reference under article 143. DD Basu, Indian Constitution, Lexis-Nexis India, 2011, 312 (8th ed., 2011).

[5] Abhiram Singh v. C.D. Commachen (Dead) by Lrs. & Ors. Civil Appeal No. 37 of 1992 & 8339 of 1995 at 57-58.

[6] Promoting or attempting to promote on ground of religion, race, caste, community, or language, feeling of enmity or hatred, between different classes of the citizens of India. S. 125 at 71, & 153A, Chapter VIII of the IPC, Gazette of India, Representation of the People Act, 1951.

[7] NES 2014 Pre-Poll, Lokniti.org, available at http://www.lokniti.org/nes-2014-pre-poll.php, last seen on 04/02/2017.

[8] Model Code of Conduct for the Guidance of Political Parties and Candidates, Election Commission of India, available at http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/MCC-ENGLISH_28022014.pdf, last seen on 04/02/2017.

[9] People’s Union for Civil Liberties& Anr. v. Union of India, Lok Satta & Anr. v. Union of India and ADR v. Union of India 2003 SC 490, 509, 515.

[10] Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India, Background Paper on Electoral Reforms, 2010, at 5.

[11] Recommendations of Goswami Committee Report (1990) had also considered recommendations of an earlier Tarkunde Committee Report (1973) that had addressed reforms of Indian electoral system and machinery.

[12] Association for Democratic Reforms v. Union of India and Anr., AIR 2000 Delhi 126, 2000; (57) DRJ 82.

[13] People’s Union for Civil Liberties & Anr. v. Union of India, Lok Satta & Anr. v. Union of India and ADR v. Union of India 2003 SC 490, 509, 515.

[14] Article (19)(1)(a) All citizens shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression.

[15] Section 33A, Representation of People Act, 1951.

[16] Supra 14, para 2, Conclusion of Judgment of Justice PV Reddi.

[17] Lily Thomas vs Union of India & Ors with Lok Prahari vs Union of India &Ors., 2013 SC 490, 231.

[19] People’s Union for Civil Liberties & Anr. vs Union of India & Anr,2013 SC 161.

[21] Dr. Subramanian Swamy vs Election Commission of India, 2013 SC 9093, 406.

[23] Krishnamoorthy v. Sivakumar & Ors, AIR 2015 SC 1478.

[25] Ibid, at para 86 (d). Section 100(1)(b) of the 1951, RPA: that any corrupt practice has been committed by a returned candidate or his election agent or by any other person with the consent of a returned candidate or his election agent.

[26] Ashok Shankarrao Chavan vs. Dr. Madhavrao Kinhalkar & Ors.AIR 2014 SC 5044, 5045, 5078.

[27] Notice of Motion, Association for Democratic Reforms v. Union of India & Anr. 2014, available at https://adrindia. org/sites/default/files/ADR_Writ_Election_Expenditure.pdf , last seen on 04/02/2017.

[28] Law Commission of India, Government of India, 170th Report on Reform of the Electoral Laws, 1999, available at http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/lc170.htm#, last seen on 04/02/ 2017.

[29] Article 81 (1): Composition of the House of the People (1) Subject to the provisions of Article 331 the House of the People shall consist of(a) not more than five hundred and thirty members chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the States, and (b) not more than twenty members to represent the Union territories, chosen in such manner as parliament may by law provide.

Article 170 (1): Composition of the Legislative Assemblies (1) Subject to the provisions of Article 333, the Legislative Assembly of each State shall consist of not more than five hundred, and not less than sixty, members chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the State.

[30] Law Commission of India, Government of India, Report No. 244: Electoral Disqualifications, 2014, available at http:// lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports/report244.pdf, 2014, last seen on 5/02/2017.

[31] Public Interest Foundation & Ors. v Union of India and Anr.(W/P Civil No. 536 of 2011) quoted from Law Commission of India, Government of India, Report No. 244: Electoral Disqualifications, 2014.

[32] Jagdeep S. Chhokar, Revisiting India’s electoral reforms, Livemint, 18/03/2015, http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/VJe9yfsux8vLD33rOgOn0N/Revisiting-Indias-electoral-reforms.html last seen on 5/02/2017.

[33] Law Commission of India, Government of India, Report No. 255: Electoral Reforms, 2015, available at http:// lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports/Report255.pdf, 2015, last seen on 5/02/2017.

[34] Mukulika Banerjee, Why India Votes? 19 (2014).

[35] National Commission for Review of the Working of the Constitution, A Consultation Paper on Review of Election Law, Processes and Reform Options, Vol. 2, 481 (2002), available at http://lawmin.nic.in/ncrwc/finalreport/v2b1-9. htm, last seen on 6/02/2017.

[37] Neeraj Chauhan, Dwaipayan Ghosh & Raj Shekhar, Delhi gang rape case: Victim battles for life, 3 accused held, The Times of India (18/12/2012), available at http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Delhi-gang-rape-caseVictim-battles-for-life-3-accused-held/articleshow/17656605.cms?, last seen on 6/02/2017.

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

JUDICIAL ACTIVISM AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION BY - PRADNYA P. DABHADE

DO WE ACTUALLY NEED TO DO AWAY WITH CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN INDIA? BY - VEDANT KALKHANDAY

ALTERNATIVE TO PUNISHMENTS IN INDIAN JUDICIARY BY - UDAYANIDHI P

“FEDERALISM IN INDIA AND USA: A COMPARITIVE STUDY” AUTHORED BY - PRANALI SUNIL GAWADE

A TALE OF TWO FATES: EXPLORING DISPARITIES BETWEEN PRIVILEGED CLASS PRISONERS AND OTHERS IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM BY - ARCHANA SHARMA

MON-SAINT OR SINNER BY - SHERIN RACHEL SANTHOSH

E- GOVERNANCE: A GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE BY - MEGHNA TYAGI

INTRISTIC AIDS IN US LAW BY - TEJAS SINGH & EDWIN LEPCHA

PERSPECTIVES ON ELECTORAL REFORMS IN INDIA: INSIGHTS FROM THE SUPREME COURT AND LAW COMMISSION BY - SOFTY TIBRIWAL & GANESH SHARMA

SEDITION LAW IN INDIA BY - GAURAV KUMAR, ANIKET KUMAR & DR VIVEK KUMAR

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