INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

BEHIND CLOSED DOORS: UNVEILING THE SOCIO-LEGAL DYNAMICS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN INDIA BY - NISHTHA

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PREVENTIVE DETENTION LAWS – BALANCING SECURITY & HUMAN RIGHTS BY - MONIKA SHARMA

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CASE COMMENT: JANHIT ABHIYAN V. UNION OF INDIA BY - VICKY KUMAR

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ANALYSING SECTION 29A OF IBC READ WITH COMPANIES ACT, 2013: READING BETWEEN INELIGIBILITIES AND COMPROMISES BY - NANDHAA KISHORE S & INIYAVAN ABDULLAH SA

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CONCEPT OF DISTINCTIVENESS - AN UNDERSTANDING THROUGH TRADEMARK LAW BY - JESSICA ROY

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EVOLUTION AND JURISPRUDENCE BEHIND THE IDEA OF EUTHANASIA BY - DRISHTI MEENA

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RIGHT TO ABORTION – AN INSIGHT UPON THE RIGHTS OF THE STILL BORN CHILD: BY: BRINDHALAKSHMI N

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SOCIAL CONTROL MEASURE- BANKING REGULATION ACT BY - MISS. ANAGHA YASHAWANT SAGAR

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CAPITAL PUNISHMENT ALLIANCE SCHOOL OF LAW (2022-2027) BY: SURESH KANNA P

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FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND EXPRESSION IN THE SOCIAL MEDIA ERA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BY - TANYA SINHA

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International journal for legal research and analysis

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[1] Long Title, United Kingdom Insolvency Act, 1986.

[3] Bankruptcy Law Reform Committee, dated 04.11.2015, https://ibbi.gov.in/BLRCReportVol1_04112015.pdf last accessed on 10 Nov 2023.

[4] Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985, Act No. 1 of 1986, Acts of Parliament, 1985 (India).

[5] Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Securities Interest Act, 2002, Act No. 54 of 2002, Acts of Parliament, 2002 (India).

[7] World Bank, “Understanding Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises”, Comparing Business Regulations for Domestic Firms in 189 Economies, 11^th Ed. (2014), https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/6ff40dd1-9eb0-5a1e-91fc-66b625e4fb85/content last accessed on 10 Nov 2023.

[12] Ministry of Law and Justice, The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Act, 2017, No. 8 of 2018, 3703GI.p65 (ibbi.gov.in) last accessed on 11 Nov 2023.

[13] Ministry of Law and Justice, The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Second Amendment) Act, 2018, No. 26 of 2018, 1671GI.p65 (ibbi.gov.in) last accessed on 11 Nov 2023.

[14] Ministry of Law and Justice, The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Act, 2018, No. 26 of 2019, 630af836c9fbbed047c42dbdfd2aca13.pdf (ibbi.gov.in) last accessed on 8 Oct 2023.

[15] Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Act, 2018, dated 18^th January 2018, w.e.f., 23.11.2017, 1671GI.p65 (ibbi.gov.in) last accessed on 12 Aug 2023.

[16] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Section 29A(a), 29A(b), 29A(c), No. 31 of 2016, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).

[17] The Companies Act, 2013, Section 230, 231, 232, No. 18 of 2013, Acts of Parliament, 2013 (India).

[18] The Corporate Insolvency and Governance Act, 2020, Ch. 12, Acts of Parliament, 2020 (UK). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2020/12/contents/enacted last accessed on 16 Dec 2023.

[19] Ali Shalchi, Corporate Insolvency and Governance Act, Commons Library Research Briefing, 8971, 4 (2022). https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8971/CBP-8971.pdf last accessed on 12 Nov 2023.

[20] Companies: Schemes of Arrangement under Part 26 and Part 26A of the Companies Act 2006, No.18, Acts of Parliament, 2013 (India); Department for Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy, Explanatory Notes; Re Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd., [2020] EWHC 2376 (Ch).; Flora v. Wakom (Heathrow) Ltd., [2007] 1 WLR 482.

[21] Manikyamba et al., “Analysis of Insolvency Laws of India, Australia, Canada, USA, and UK”, 2 SN Bus Econ 2, 152 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-022-00323-1 last accessed on 12 Nov 2023.

[22] Archana Kaushik et al., “An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship Between Recovery Management Practices and NPA Levels in Indian Banks”, 33 Journal of Nambian Studies 1944, 1950 (2023), https://namibian-studies.com/index.php/JNS/article/view/2281/1564 last accessed on 15 Nov 2023; M. P., Ram Mohan et al.,“Stigma, Corporate Insolvency, and Law: International Practices and Lessons for India”, IIMA Working Paper 1, 30 (2022). https://ssrn.com/abstract=4109719 last accessed on 15 Nov 2023.

[23] Toube et al., “Evaluation of the UK’s CIGA Reforms: A Best Practice Model for Other Jurisdictions?”, South Square Digest 1, 3 (2023) https://wlv.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/2436/625182/Toube_et_al_Evaluation_of_CIGA_Reforms_2023.pdf?sequence=3 last accessed on 16 Nov 2023.

[24] Srijan Jha, “Selective Litigation: The True Purpose of I.B.C. Moratorium”, 5 RGNUL Fin. & Mercantile L. Rev. 57 (2018) https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/rlfladme5&div=19&id=&page= last accessed on 12 Dec 2023.

[25] ABG Shipyard v. Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, 2022 SCC OnLine SC 1101.

[26] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Section 17, No. 31 of 2016, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).

[27] Gurrea-Martínez et al., “The Treatment of Debtor-in-Possession Financing in Reorganization Procedures: Regulatory Models and Proposals for Reform”, SMU 1, 4 (2022) https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4067966 last accessed on 12 Dec 2023.

[28] Legal Information Institute, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/368 last accessed 22 Nov 2023. Cornell Law School; Internal Revenue Code, 1986, Internal Revenue Code Section 368, Act of Congress, 1986 (USA).

[29] Stephan Madaus, “Corporate Reorganisation Law and the Shaping Powers of Market Realities and Doctrinal Concepts” 42 Oxf. J. of L. St. 1195–1211 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqac021 last accessed 20 Nov 2023.

[30] Re Lionel Corp. 722 F .2d 1063, 1068 (2d Cir. 1983).

[31] Chaitman, H. D.“The Equitable Subordination of Bank Claims”, JSTOR 1561, 1563-1564 (1984) http://www.jstor.org/stable/40686586 last accessed 20 Nov 2023.

[32] Thomas G.W. Telfer, “Equitable Subordination Redux? Section 183 of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act and respecting the "Legislative Will" of Parliament”, 64 Can. Bus. L.J. 316 (2020-2021) https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/canadbus64&div=23&id=&page= last accessed 15 Nov 2023.

[33] The Federal Bankruptcy Reforms Act, 1978, §. 510, No.92 United States Congress, 1978 (USA)

[34] Re: Owens Corning, 419 F .3d 195, 206 (3d Cir. 2005).

[35] Ibid., at “History of Substantive Consolidation”, para. A.

[36] J. Stephen Gilbert, “Substantive Consolidation in Bankruptcy: A Primer”, 43 VLR 207, 207-243 (1990) https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr/vol43/iss1/5 last accessed 21 Nov 2023.

[37] Vara Jahangirdar and Sanjhi Agarwal., “Group Insolvency: Time to Stop Relying on the Judiciary to Fill a Legislative Lacuna?”, 8 RGNUL Fin. & Mercantile L. Rev. 98, 102 (2021) https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/rlfladme8&div=25&id=&page= last accessed 21 Nov 2023.

[38] Unnati Khanna, “Analysing the Journey of Group Insolvency in India: An Inquiry into Codification-Related Considerations”, 3 Indian J.L. & Legal Rsch. 1 (2021-2022) https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/injlolw3&div=518&id=&page= last accessed 1 Dec 2023.

[39] Nesbit v. Gears Unlimited, 347 F .3d 72, 86-87 (3d Cir. 2003); Sampsell v. Imperial Paper & Colour Corporation, 313 U.S. 215, 219.

[40] State Bank of India v. Videocon Industries, 2018 SCC OnLine NCLT 13182; See also Barlow & Ors. v. Polly Pech International Finance Ltd. & Anr., 1996 B.C.C. 486.

[41] Baxi, A., “Interim Finance in Creditor-Oriented Bankruptcy Codes: A Study in the Context of Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code, India”, 48(3), Vikalpa 189-205, (2023) https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909221150689 last accessed 30 Nov 2023.

[42] Bose, U., et al., “Does bankruptcy law improve the fate of distressed firms? The role of credit channels”, 68

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[43] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Chapter II, No. 31 of 2016, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).

[44] Re Gulfco Investment Corporation, 593 F.2d 921 (10^th Cir. 1979); Re Flora Mir Candy Corporation, 423 F.2d 1060 (2d Cir. 1870); Re Continental Vending Machine Corporation, 517 F.2d at 997; Chemical Bank New York Trust Co. v. Kheel, 369 F.2d 845 (2d Cir. 1966).

[45] Salomon v. Salomon, 1897 AC 22; Lee v. Lee’s Air Farming Ltd., (1960) 3 WLR 758.

[46] Madras Bar Association v. Union of India, (2015) 8 SCC 583; Shayara Bano v. Union of India, (2017) 9 SCC 1; Uttara Foods & Feeds Pvt. Ltd. v. Mona Pharmachem, (2018) 15 SCC 587; Union of India v. R. Gandhi, President, Madras Bar Association, (2010) 11 SCC 1; Innoventive Industries Ltd. v. ICICI Bank & Anr., (2018) 1 SCC 407.

[47] Swiss Ribbons Pvt. Ltd. and Ors. v. Union of India (UOI) and Ors., AIR 2019 4 SCC 17, at para. 11; Binani Industries Ltd. v. Bank of Baroda & Anr., 2018 SCC OnLine NCLAT 457.

[48] Maharashtra Land Development Corporation v. State of Maharashtra, (2011) 15 SCC 616; Union of India v. Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd., (2008) 7 SCC 502; Reserve Bank of India v. Peerless General Finance & Investment Co. Ltd., (1987) 1 SCC 424.

[49] Re: Kerala Education Bill, 1957, 1959 1 SCR 995.

[50] K.N. Rajakumar v. V. Nagarajan, (2022) 4 SCC 617; See also Ghanashyam, Misra & Sons (P) Ltd. v. Edelweiss Asset Reconstruction Co. Ltd., (2021) 9 SCC 657.

[51] Ministry of Company Affairs, “Report of the Expert Committee on Company Law, 2005”, May 2005.

[53] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, § 12, No.31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).

[54] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, § 60(5)(c), No.31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).

[55] Ebix Singapore Pvt. Ltd. v. Committee of Creditors of Educomp Solutions Ltd. & Ors., 2020 SCC OnLine SC 1168

[56] IDBI Bank Ltd. v. Jaypee Infratech Ltd., 2020 SCC OnLine SC 1429.

[57]The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, § 12(2), No.31, Acts of Parliament, 2016 (India).

[58] Committee of Essar Steel India Ltd. through Authorised Signatory v. Satish Kumar Gupta & Ors., (2020) 8 SCC 531.

[59] K. Sashidhar v. Indian Overseas Bank & Ors., (2019) 12 SCC 150; See also DBS Bank Ltd. v. Sharad Sanghi, (2022) 5 SCC 694.

[60] Inserted vide the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Act, 2018, s. 29A, w.e.f., 23.11.2017.

[61] M.P. Ram Mohan et al., “Section 29A of India’s Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code: an instance of hard cases making bad law?”, 22 JCL Studies 365-390, (2022) https://doi.org/10.1080/14735970.2022.2083771 last accessed 25 Nov 2023.

[64] Y. Shivaram Prasad v. S. Dhanapal, 2019 SCC OnLine NCLAT 172; See also S.C. Sekaran v. Amit Gupta & Ors., 2019 SCC OnLine NCLAT 517.

[65] Arun Kumar Jagatramka v. Jindal Steel and Power Ltd. & Anr., (2021) 7 SCC 474.

[66] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Long Title.

[67] Manoj Narula v. Union of India and Anr., (2014) 9 SCC 1.

[68] See Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, (1973) 4 SCC 225; Minerva Mills Ltd. v. UOI., (1980) 3 SCC 625; Centre for PIL v. UOI., (2011) 4 SCC 1; N. Kannadasan v. Ajoy Khose, (2009) 7 SCC 1; Arun Kumar Agarwal v. UOI., (2014) 2 SCC 609; I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu, (2007) 2 SCC 1; Shrikant v. Vasantrao, (2006) 2 SCC 682; Inderpreet Singh Kahlon v. State of Punjab, (2006) 11 SCC 356.

[69] Union of India v. Elphinstone Spinning & Weaving Co. Ltd., (2001) 4 SCC 139; Corocraft Ltd. v. Pan American Airways Inc., (1968) 3 WLR 714; State of Haryana v. Sampuran Singh, (1975) 2 SCC 810.

[70] Rishabh Govila et al., Bar on Phoenix Arrangements: An Analysis of Layers of Ineligibility Under Section 29A, 1(2), Indian Journal of Integrated Research in Law 1, 18 (2021) https://hcommons.org/deposits/item/hc:43311 last accessed 3 Dec 2023.

[71] Agrawal et al., Liquidation As Going Concern Under Insolvency and Bankruptcy Law, Papers SSRN 1, 1-11(2020) http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3527389 last accessed 3 Dec 2023.

[72] Chitra Sharma, supra, note 54; ArcelorMittal India (P) Ltd. v. Satish Kumar Gupta, (2019) 2 SCC 1; TK Vishwanathan et al., The Report of the Bankruptcy Law Reforms Committee – Vol. 1: Rationale and Design, (2015) https://ibbi.gov.in/BLRCReportVol1_04112015.pdf last accessed 3 Dec 2023.

[73] Inserted vide the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Ordinance, 2017 which is replaced by Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Act, 2018, w.e.f., 23 Nov 2017.

[74] Arun Kumar Jagatramka, supra, note 57, at para. 52.

[75] Substituted vide the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Liquidation Process) (Second Amendment) Regulations, 2018, 22 Oct 2018.

[76] Inserted vide Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Liquidation Process) (Amendment) Regulations, 2019 applicable prospectively only to liquidation processes, which commenced on or after 25 Jul 2019.

[77] Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2000, § 2(o), No.54, Acts of Parliament, 2002 (India)

[78] Phoenix ARC Pvt. Ltd. v. Spade Financial Service, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 51, ¶103-104; Ramesh Kymal v. M/s. Siemens Gamesa Renewable Power Pvt. Ltd., (2021) 3 SCC 224; Anuj Jain, Interim Resolution Professional for Jaypee Infratech Ltd. v. Axis Bank Ltd., (2020) 8 SCC 401, ¶28.4-28.5.

[79] ArcelorMittal India (P) Ltd., supra, note 64.

[82] Inserted vide Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Liquidation Process) (Amendment) Regulations, 2019, w.e.f., 25.07.2019 applicable only to liquidation processes, which commenced on or after 25^th July, 2019.

[83] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India Liquidation Process Regulations, 2016.

[84] Inserted vide the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Liquidation Process) (Amendment) Regulations, 2020 dated 06 Jan. 2020.

[85] Abdul Gani v. Settlement Officer, AIR 1955 Gau 45; See also K. Narayanan & Ors. v. State of Karnataka & Ors., AIR 1994 SC 55.

[86] See Arun Kumar Jagatramka, supra, note 57.

[87] Kerala State Electricity Board v. Thomas Joseph Alias Thomas M J, 2022 LiveLaw (SC) 1034.

[88] Arun Kumar Jagatramka, supra, note 57, at ¶83.

[89] Maxwell, “Interpretation of Statutes”, 11^th Ed., p. 66; See also Heydon’s case, (1584) 3 Co Rep 7; Smith v. Hughes, 1960 WLR 830; Rex v. Ramdayal; I.L.R. 1950 All 935.

[90] Bradley, “Getting into Mischief: Reflections on Statutory Interpretation and the Mischief Rule”, 109 Geo. L.J. Online 199 (2020-2021) https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/gljon109&div=10&id=&page= last accessed 5 Dec 2023.

[91] Choubey, Interplay of IBC with Other Relevant Laws, 4(4) Indian J.L. & Legal Rsch 1 (2022) https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/injlolw7&div=185&id=&page= last accessed 10 Dec 2023.

[92] Arun Kumar Jagatramka, supra, note 57 at para. 32.

[94] Mundhra et al., “Gujarat NRE Coke Ltd.: Revival of Companies in Distress”, Emerging Economies Cases Journal, 3(1), 35-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/25166042211029135 last accessed 12 Nov 2023.

[96] Surendra B. Jiwrajika & Anr. v. Omkara Assets Reconstruction Pvt. Ltd., SLP(C) No. 016464/2021 and other connected matters.

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[1] Extract from finance Minister’s Statement to Parliament on December 14,1967

[3] Extract from finance Minister’s Statement to Parliament, op. cit.

[14] Section 35(A)(1) of Banking Regulation Act, 1949

[15] Section 35(A) of Banking Regulation Act, 1949

[16] Section 36(AD) of Banking Regulation Act, 1949

[18] Section 36AE of Banking Regulation Act, 1949

[21] Section 46(1) of Banking Regulation Act, 1949

[22] Section 46(2) of Banking Regulation Act, 1949

[23] Section 46(3) of Banking Regulation Act, 1949

[1] Death Penalty Information Center, https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and- research/history-of-the-death-penalty/early-history- of-the-death-penalty (last visited 17 March, 2024).

[1] Romesh Thappar v. State of Madras, AIR 1950 SC 124.

[3] S. Rangarajan v. P Jagjivan Ram, (1989) 2 SCC 574.

[4] Mane Sachin Babruvan, “A Critical Study on Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression and Role of Media in Indian Democracy”, SHODHGANGA (12^th Feb, 2024, 10:00 AM) https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/203650

[5] Prime Legal , Social Media and Freedom of Speech: The Legal Boundaries in India, (13^th Feb 2024 5:00 PM) https://primelegal.in/2023/06/17/social-media-and-freedom-of-speech-the-legal-boundaries-in-india/

[6] Dheerajendra Patanjali, Freedom of Speech and Expression India vs. America – A study (15th Feb 2024 11:00 AM) www.indialawjouronal.org/archives/volume3/issue_4/article_by_dheerajendra.html

[8] Eric Barendt, Freedom of Expression in the United Kingdom Under the Human Rights Act 1998 (15 Feb 2024 8:00 AM) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1125&context=ilj

[10] Xenia A. Ivanova, Alexander A. Stepanov Restrictions of the Freedom of Speech in France in the Digital Technologies Era, (12th Feb 2024 9 PM) file:///C:/Users/cenah/Downloads/Restrictions_of_the_freedom_of_speech_in_France_in%20(1).pdf

[11] Faheema Shirin.R.K vs State of Kerala, AIR 2020 KERALA 35

[12] Anuradha Bhasin vs Union of India, 2019 SCC OnLine SC 1725.

[14] Shreya Singhal v. Union of India, AIR 2015 SC 1523

[15] Prime Legal, Social Media and Freedom of Speech: The Legal Boundaries in India (9th Feb 2024 9:00PM) https://primelegal.in/2023/06/17/social-media-and-freedom-of-speech-the-legal-boundaries-in-india/

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