Open Access Research Article
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS.
Published Paper
Article Details
THE
IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON
CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATIONS.
ABSTRACT
The
advent of social media has ushered in a transformative era in criminal
investigations, profoundly influencing the way law enforcement agencies
navigate and solve cases. With an unprecedented volume of user-generated
content, platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram serve as virtual
landscapes teeming with valuable digital evidence. Investigators now leverage
these platforms to gather insights, track suspects, and establish connections
between individuals. To evaluate the relationship between age and social media
platforms co - operate with law enforcement in providing information for
investigations. The important findings in my research was (10.24%) of 31 - 40
years age group people were said yes that social media platforms cooperate with
law enforcement in providing information for investigations. The research
method followed here is descriptive research. A total of 205 samples have been
collected out of which all samples have been collected through convenient
sampling methods. The sample frame taken here is public areas in and around
Chennai, Tamil Nadu like beaches, malls and parks. The independent variables
are age, gender, educational qualification, occupation and marital status. The
dependent variables are social media platforms that collaborate with law
enforcement to provide information for investigations, social media affect the
speed of information dissemination in criminal investigations, main impact of
social media on criminal law concerning the dissemination of misinformation,
social media a reliable and valuable source of evidence for law enforcement in
criminal cases, would you rate the impact of social media on witness
testimonies in criminal cases. The statistical tools used in my research were
graphical representation, Chi square, ANOVA, Independent sample t test and
Correlation. In conclusion, the impact of social media on criminal
investigations is both revolutionary and intricate. The wealth of information
available on these platforms has significantly enhanced law enforcement's
ability to solve cases, trace individuals, and unravel complex networks.
KEYWORDS:
Social media, Crime,
Investigations, Misinformation, Digital Forensics, Evidence
INTRODUCTION
The
history of this impact reflects a dynamic relationship between law enforcement
and social media, with ongoing adaptations and considerations for ethical and
legal implications. The impact of social media on criminal investigations has
evolved significantly over the years. Initially, platforms were primarily used
for communication, but law enforcement soon recognized their potential as
valuable tools for gathering evidence. Government initiatives addressing the
impact of social media on criminal investigations have become increasingly
prevalent. Initiatives often focus on collaboration between government agencies
and social media platforms to streamline information sharing, while also
addressing privacy and legal considerations. Initiatives were Cyber crime cells,
Cyber crime reporting portals, Coordination with social media companies,
Training and Capacity Building, Legal Frameworks, Public Awareness Campaigns,
International Collaboration. Governments are adapting to the evolving
landscape, recognizing both the opportunities and challenges that social media
presents in the realm of criminal investigations. Several factors influence the
impact of social media on criminal investigations. Privacy concerns play a
pivotal role, shaping the boundaries of information access for law enforcement.
Collaboration between governments, law enforcement, and social media platforms
is crucial, impacting the effectiveness of initiatives. Public awareness and
responsible online behaviour also contribute to the overall success or
hindrance of leveraging social media in criminal investigations.
Current
trends related to the impact of social media on criminal investigations include
an increased focus on artificial intelligence and machine learning tools for
analysing vast amounts of digital data. Law enforcement agencies are adopting
advanced technologies to sift through social media content efficiently. There
is also a growing emphasis on international cooperation and data-sharing
agreements between countries to address transnational crimes facilitated by
social media. States worldwide exhibit diverse approaches to the impact of
social media on criminal investigations. For example, in the United States,
variations can be observed among states like California, New York, and Texas,
each having its own legal and regulatory considerations. Similarly, European
countries such as Germany, the United Kingdom, and France may differ in their
approaches due to distinct privacy laws and cultural factors. For precise and
current information on specific states or countries, referring to local legal
sources or law enforcement agencies is recommended.
OBJECTIVES
?
To evaluate the relationship between age and
social media platforms co - operate with law enforcement in providing
information for investigations.
?
To analyse the significant association between area of residence
and how social media impacts the speed of information dissemination in criminal
investigations.
?
To examine the significant difference between gender and what is
the primary impact of social media on the law of crimes regarding the spread of
misinformation.
?
To find the relationship between employment status and do you
agree that social media serves as a valuable and reliable source of evidence
for law enforcement in criminal cases.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Pankuhuri Thukral and Vanshika
Kainya (2022) had made a research on the objective outlined in the paragraph to shed
light on the complex relationship between social media and criminal law. The
factors influencing this include the benefits and risks of technology, the
misuse of personal information, and the challenges posed by the anonymity and
fakeness prevalent on social media platforms. Galbally Parker (2023) had made a study on the objective presented
in the paragraph to underscore the significant role of social media
applications, such as Facebook, Twitter, and TikTok, as crucial tools in police
investigations. Factors influencing this evolution include the increased usage
of social media, enabling law enforcement to broaden their network and enhance
the efficiency of their investigative processes. Janet E. Katz and Garland F. White (1993) had made this paper that
tells the objective of their modest two-year study, conducted in 1992 by White,
Katz, and Scarborough, was to investigate and contribute insights into the
relationship between media portrayal of sporting events and its potential
impact on violent incidents, specifically directed towards women. Factors
explored include the unique angle of studying assaults against women in the
context of sporting events, adding a nuanced perspective to existing research
on media violence and crime. Philip
Schlesinger, Howard Tumber and Graham Murdock (1991) had made a research
paper on the paper aimed to investigate the portrayal of crime and criminal
justice in British national news media, challenging 'media-centric' approaches
by emphasising the conflicts within and between social institutions. It
explores media strategies employed by sources in the crime and criminal justice
fields, considering factors like institutionalisation of social actors and resource
utilisation. James Walsh and Christopher
O'connor (2018) had made a study on social media's impact on policing
across criminology, sociology, and communications that seeks to consolidate
existing knowledge and guide future research. It identifies how social media's
technical features both empower and constrain police services. These platforms
offer opportunities for enhanced surveillance, risk communication, and
impression management, allowing police to control their public image and
navigate the social landscape. Richard
V. Ericson (1991) had made the research on the effects of mass media on
individuals addresses a gap by considering human agency, technology, and social
institutions in communication dynamics. Recent studies challenge the
conventional view, depicting mass media as more open, diverse, pervasive, and
influential than previously thought. Instead of merely reporting events, mass
media actively participate in shaping and constituting these events in the
world. Edward L. Glaeser, Bruce Sacerdote
and José A. Scheinkman (1996) had made a
study that delved into the enduring puzzle of high variance in crime
rates across time and space, a phenomenon seemingly beyond the scope of changes
in the external costs and benefits of crime. The presented model proposes that
social interactions play a pivotal role, generating sufficient covariance among
individuals to account for the observed diversity in crime rates across cities.
Wim Bernasco, Thomas de Graaff, Jan
Rouwendal and Wouter Steenbeek (2017) had
made a study aimed to investigate the
impact of neighbourhood characteristics on an individual's criminal
involvement, utilising data from over 14 million residents across approximately
4,000 Dutch neighbourhoods. By incorporating age, sex, ethnicity, and criminal
involvement information, the researchers develop a binomial discrete choice
model for criminal behaviour, considering endogeneity related to unobserved
neighbourhood traits and sorting behaviour. Alyce McGovern and Sanja Milivojevic (2016) have made a study that
explores the transformative impact of social media platforms like Facebook,
Twitter, and Snapchat on our perception and experience of crime and
victimisation. While traditional media was considered the primary source for
shaping opinions about crime, social media has now taken precedence. The
research aims to understand how these new platforms influence our understanding
of crime. It acknowledges concerns regarding victimisation on social media but
also highlights positive aspects, such as the opportunities it creates for
criminal justice agencies to solve crimes. Yu
Cheng (2023) had made a research on the
objectives of this article to summarise and analyse the impact of social
media on deviance and crime through the lenses of social learning theory,
routine activity theory, and cyber lifestyle-routine activities theory. Drawing
from a diverse range of academic sources, the study aims to explore the
intricate connection between online and offline behaviours. The findings reveal
a complex interplay between social media and societal issues such as crime and
deviance. Yan Wang and et.al (2019) had
made a study aimed to explore the potential of social media, specifically
Twitter, as a tool for crime surveillance and prediction. Collecting data
between May and December 2012, the research investigates the association
between drug-related tweets and crime data in the United States for the years
2012 and 2013. The findings reveal a strong connection, indicating that tweets
from 2012 are significantly associated with county-level crime data for both
2012 and 2013. This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the idea
that social media data, particularly from platforms like Twitter, can be
utilised to predict future crimes. Brett
M Drury and et.al (2022) had made a research on the primary objectives of this survey are to
comprehensively review and categorise all types of crimes committed on social
media, exploring their similarities and examining the corresponding methods
employed for crime detection. The research aims to fill a gap in existing
literature by providing a holistic overview of crimes in the social media
domain and their detection techniques. The findings reveal a need for a unified
taxonomy to categorise diverse social media crimes, facilitating the transfer
of techniques and data between different crime domains. Dr.Rekha Pahuja (2018) had made a study on the objectives of this
study to explore the dual nature of the Internet, emphasising its advantages
and disadvantages. It focuses on the Internet's role as a worldwide electronic
network connecting people and information, highlighting the various benefits it
offers while acknowledging its susceptibility to cybercrime. The research
delves into the specific realm of social media, the latest form of media with
widespread popularity due to its capacity to create virtual social worlds for
users. It aims to examine the dynamics of social interactions, relationships,
and conflicts within this digital space. EK
Forsgren and et.al (2018) had made a paper on the objectives of this study to investigate the
impact of social media on police activities, specifically within the context of
community engagement, and to understand how these dynamics align or conflict
with the organisational culture of the police force. As part of a broader
examination of the U.K. police force, the research employs a multi-method
approach to gather qualitative data from various roles and positions within the
organisation. Lee Klippenstein (2021) had
made a study on objectives of this article to explore the dual role of social
media in the context of crime, investigating both its facilitation of criminal
activity and its utility as a tool for law enforcement in solving crimes. The
research delves into the ways platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram
provide opportunities for criminal behaviour, while also enabling police
services to leverage publicly available user information for investigative
purposes.
METHODOLOGY
The research method followed here is
descriptive research. A total of 205 samples have been collected out of which
all samples have been collected through convenient sampling methods. The sample
frame taken here is public areas in and around Chennai, Tamil Nadu like
beaches, malls and parks. The independent variables are age, gender,
educational qualification occupation and
marital status. The dependent variables are social media platforms that collaborate with law
enforcement to provide information for investigations, social media affect the
speed of information dissemination in criminal investigations, main impact of
social media on criminal law concerning the dissemination of misinformation,
social media a reliable and valuable source of evidence for law enforcement in
criminal cases, would you rate the impact of social media on witness
testimonies in criminal cases. The statistical tools used in my research were
graphical representation, Chi square, ANOVA, Independent sample t test and
Correlation.
ANALYSIS
Figure 1
LEGEND: Figure
1, shows the relationship between the age and social media platforms co -
operate with law enforcement in providing information for investigations.
Figure 2
LEGEND : Figure
2 , shows the relationship between educational qualification and social media
platforms co - operate with law enforcement in providing information for
investigations.
Figure 3
LEGEND : Figure
3 , shows the relationship between area of residence and social media platforms
co - operate with law enforcement in providing information for investigations.
Figure 4
LEGEND : Figure
4 , shows the relationship between gender and does social media impact the
speed of information dissemination in criminal investigations.
Figure 5
LEGEND : Figure
5 , shows the relationship between employment status and does social media
impact the speed of information dissemination in criminal investigations.
Figure 6
LEGEND : Figure
6 , shows the relationship between age and the primary impact of social media
on the law of crimes regarding the spread of misinformation.
Figure 7
LEGEND : Figure
7 , shows the relationship between educational qualification and the primary
impact of social media on the law of crimes regarding the spread of
misinformation.
Figure 8
LEGEND : Figure
8 , shows the relationship between area of residence and the primary impact of
social media on the law of crimes regarding the spread of misinformation.
Figure 9
LEGEND : Figure
9 , shows the relationship between age and do you agree that social media
serves as a valuable and reliable source of evidence for law enforcement in
criminal cases.
Figure 10
LEGEND : Figure
10 , shows the relationship between educational qualification and do you agree that social media
serves as a valuable and reliable source of evidence for law enforcement in
criminal cases.
Figure 11
LEGEND : Figure
11 , shows the relationship between area of residence and do you agree that social media
serves as a valuable and reliable source of evidence for law enforcement in
criminal cases.
Figure 12
LEGEND : Figure
12 , shows the relationship between age and rate the impact of social media on
witness testimonies in criminal cases.
Figure 13
LEGEND : Figure
13 , shows the relationship between educational qualification and rate the
impact of social media on witness testimonies in criminal cases.
Figure 14
LEGEND : Figure
14 , shows the relationship between employment status and rate the impact of
social media on witness testimonies in criminal cases.
Figure 15
LEGEND : Figure 15 , shows the
relationship between gender and rate the impact of social media on witness testimonies in
criminal cases.
Table 1
LEGEND : Table 1 , shows the relationship between age and social media platforms
co - operate with law enforcement in providing information for investigations.
Table 2
LEGEND : Table 2 , shows the significant association between area of residence and
how social media impacts the speed of information dissemination in criminal
investigations.
Table 3
LEGEND : Table
3 , shows the significant difference between gender and what is the primary
impact of social media on the law of crimes regarding the spread of misinformation.
RESULTS
The
respondents belonging to the age group (10.24%) of 31-40 years were said yes
and (2.44%) of 31-40 years were said maybe that social media platforms
cooperate with law enforcement in providing information for investigations (figure 1). The respondents belonging
to the educational qualification group (19.51%) of undergraduates were said yes
and (1.95%) of No formal education were said no that social media platforms
cooperate with law enforcement in providing information for investigations (figure 2). The respondents belonging
to the area of residence (22.93%) of rural people and (11.71%) of urban people
said yes that social media platforms cooperate with law enforcement in
providing information for investigations (figure
3). The respondents belonging to the gender group (12.68%) of male were
said to accelerate and (4.88%) of others were said moderately accelerates that
social media impacts the speed of information dissemination in criminal
investigations (figure 4). The
respondents belonging to the employment status group (14.63%) of unemployed
were said moderately accelerates and (2.44%) of unemployed were said that
social media impacts the speed of information dissemination in criminal
investigations (figure 5). The
respondents belonging to the age group (14.63%) of below 18 years were said
that occasional speed and (1.95%) of 41 - 50 years were said that occasional speed is the primary impact
of social media on the law of crimes regarding the spread of misinformation (figure 6). The respondents belonging
to the educational qualification group (23.41%) of postgraduate and (2.44%) of
no formal education said no discernible impact is the primary impact of social
media on the law of crimes regarding the spread of misinformation (figure 7). The respondents belonging
to the area of residence group (17.07%) of rural people and (5.37%) of urban
people said frequent speed is the primary impact of social media on the law of
crimes regarding the spread of misinformation (figure 8). The respondents belonging to the age group (12.20%) of
41 - 50 years were said to agree and (2.44%) of 31 - 40 years were said neutral
that social media serves as a valuable and reliable source of evidence for law
enforcement in criminal cases (figure
9). The respondents belonging to the educational qualification group
(18.54%) of postgraduate and (2.44%) of no formal education said that social
media serves as a valuable and reliable source of evidence for law enforcement
in criminal cases (figure 10). The
respondents belonging to the area of residence group (21.95%) of rural people
were said to strongly agree and (4.88%) of rural people were said to strongly
disagree that social media serves as a valuable and reliable source of evidence
for law enforcement in criminal cases (figure
11). The respondents belonging to the age group of (10.24%) of 41 - 50
years of them were rated as 7 and (2.44%) of below 18 years were rated as 8
that rate the impact of social media on witness testimonies in criminal cases (figure 12). The respondents belonging
to the educational qualification group of (9.76%) of higher secondary were
rated as 4 and (2.44%) of postgraduate were rated as 5 that rate the impact of
social media on witness testimonies in criminal cases (figure 13). The respondents belonging to the employment status
group (14.15%) of unemployment were rated as 4 and (1.95%) of the public sector
were rated as 2 that rate the impact of social media on witness testimonies in
criminal cases (figure 14). The
respondents belonging to the gender group (13.17%) of the female were rated as
7 and (1.95%) of the female were rated as 2 that rate the impact of social
media on witness testimonies in criminal cases (figure 15). The P value is 0.000 which is less than 0.05.
Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected and an alternative hypothesis is
accepted (table 1). The P value is 0.000 which is less than 0.05.
Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected and an alternative hypothesis is
accepted (table 2). The P value is
0.000 which is less than 0.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected and
an alternative hypothesis is accepted (table 3).
DISCUSSION
The
provided data indicates that respondents in the age group of 31-40 years
exhibit a mixed response regarding the cooperation of social media platforms
with law enforcement in providing information for investigations. Notably, a
relatively higher percentage (10.24%) responded affirmatively with a
"yes," suggesting a willingness or belief in the collaboration
between social media platforms and law enforcement. Further analysis and
exploration of the factors influencing these responses could provide valuable
insights into public perceptions and attitudes toward the relationship between
social media and law enforcement (figure
1). A substantial percentage (19.51%) of undergraduates expressed
agreement, indicating a belief in social media's collaboration with law
enforcement for investigations. In contrast, a significantly lower percentage
(1.95%) of respondents with no formal education stated a negative response,
suggesting a scepticism or lack of belief in such cooperation. This divergence
in opinions highlights the potential influence of educational backgrounds on
perceptions of the relationship between social media platforms and law enforcement
(figure 2). A considerably higher
percentage (22.93%) of respondents from rural areas affirmed that social media
platforms do cooperate with law enforcement in providing information for
investigations. In contrast, a lower percentage (11.71%) of urban respondents
expressed a similar belief. This discrepancy suggests that individuals in rural
areas are more inclined to perceive collaboration between social media and law
enforcement compared to their urban counterparts (figure 3). A notable percentage (12.68%) of male respondents
indicated a belief that social media significantly accelerates this process,
suggesting a perception of its effectiveness in swiftly disseminating
information. On the other hand, a smaller percentage (4.88%) of individuals identifying
as 'others' expressed a belief in a more moderate acceleration. These
gender-specific differences in perceptions highlight diverse attitudes toward
the role of social media in expediting information flow in criminal
investigations (figure 4). A noteworthy
percentage (14.63%) of unemployed respondents expressed a belief that social
media moderately accelerates this process, indicating a nuanced perspective on
its role. Conversely, a smaller percentage (2.44%) of unemployed respondents
stated that they perceive minimal impact. These variations in responses
highlight potential connections between employment status and attitudes toward
the effectiveness of social media in expediting information flow in criminal
investigations (figure 5). A notable
percentage (14.63%) of respondents below 18 years indicated that the primary
impact is occasional speed, suggesting a belief in sporadic instances of rapid
information dissemination. In contrast, a smaller percentage (1.95%) of
individuals aged 41-50 years expressed a similar perspective. This age-based
disparity underscores varying attitudes toward the frequency of misinformation
spread via social media, with younger respondents perceiving occasional speed
as a more prevalent issue (figure 6). A
substantial percentage (23.41%) of those with postgraduate qualifications
asserted that there is no discernible impact, indicating a more sceptical
stance toward the influence of social media on legal matters. In contrast, a
smaller percentage (2.44%) of individuals with no formal education shared a
similar perspective. This educational disparity suggests that those with higher
educational qualifications may be less likely to perceive a substantial impact
of social media on the spread of misinformation in the realm of criminal law (figure 7). A substantial percentage
(17.07%) of respondents from rural areas indicated that frequent speed is the
primary impact, suggesting a belief in the rapid and recurrent dissemination of
misinformation through social media. In contrast, a smaller percentage (5.37%)
of urban respondents shared a similar perspective. This rural-urban disparity
suggests that those in rural areas are more likely to perceive a higher
frequency of misinformation spread via social media in the context of criminal
law (figure 8). A notable percentage
(12.20%) of individuals aged 41-50 years expressed agreement, suggesting a
belief in the utility and reliability of social media content as evidence. In
contrast, a smaller percentage (2.44%) of respondents aged 31-40 years adopted
a neutral stance, indicating a degree of uncertainty or lack of conviction
regarding the reliability of social media in criminal investigations (figure 9). A substantial percentage
(18.54%) of postgraduates asserted that social media serves as a reliable
source of evidence, highlighting a positive view on its utility in criminal
investigations. In contrast, a smaller percentage (2.44%) of individuals with
no formal education expressed a similar belief. This educational divide
suggests that those with higher educational qualifications are more likely to
consider social media as a valuable resource for law enforcement (figure 10). A substantial percentage
(21.95%) of respondents from rural areas strongly agreed, suggesting a strong
belief in the efficacy of social media as evidence. In contrast, a smaller
percentage (4.88%) of rural respondents strongly disagreed, indicating
scepticism or opposition to the idea. This rural-urban divide highlights
varying attitudes toward the role of social media in providing evidence for law
enforcement (figure 11). A
percentage of 9.76% of individuals with a higher secondary education rated the
impact as 4, indicating a moderately positive assessment. In contrast, a
smaller percentage (2.44%) of postgraduates gave a higher rating of 5,
suggesting a more positive evaluation. This variance in ratings indicates that
individuals with higher educational qualifications are more inclined to
perceive a stronger impact of social media on witness testimonies (figure 12). A notable 9.76% of those
with a higher secondary education rated the impact as 4, indicating a
moderately positive assessment. In contrast, a smaller percentage (2.44%) of
postgraduates gave a higher rating of 5, suggesting a more positive evaluation.
This suggests that individuals with higher educational qualifications may
perceive a stronger influence of social media on witness testimonies (figure 13). A substantial 14.15% of
unemployed respondents rated the impact as 4, signifying a moderately positive
assessment. Conversely, a smaller percentage (1.95%) of individuals from the
public sector gave a lower rating of 2, suggesting a more neutral or cautious
evaluation. This divergence in ratings implies that those in the public sector
may hold a less positive view of social media's impact on witness testimonies
compared to their unemployed counterparts (figure
14). A notable percentage (13.17%) of female respondents rated the impact
as 7, indicating a relatively high positive assessment. In contrast, a smaller percentage
(1.95%) of females gave a lower rating of 2, suggesting a more cautious
evaluation. This gender disparity suggests that, overall, females may be more
likely to perceive a significant positive impact of social media on witness
testimonies compared to those who rate it lower (figure 15). The topic of social media platforms cooperating with
law enforcement in providing information for investigations raises complex
considerations. While some argue that such collaboration enhances the
efficiency of law enforcement by leveraging the vast data available on these
platforms, others express concerns about privacy, potential misuse of
information, and the ethical implications of extensive surveillance (table 1). The impact of social media
on the speed of information dissemination in criminal investigations is
profound. Social media platforms facilitate rapid sharing of information,
enabling law enforcement to receive real-time updates and engage with the
public swiftly (table 2). The
primary impact of social media on the law of crimes concerning the spread of
misinformation is significant and multifaceted. Social media platforms serve as
rapid conduits for information dissemination, allowing misinformation to spread
swiftly and widely (table 3).
CONCLUSION
This
digital frontier is not without challenges; issues of privacy, misinformation,
and the rapid dissemination of unverified content complicate the landscape.
Despite the complexities, the impact of social media on criminal investigations
is undeniably profound, reshaping traditional investigative methods and
demanding a nuanced approach to balance technological advantages with ethical
considerations. To evaluate the relationship between age and social media platforms co - operate with
law enforcement in providing information for investigations. To navigate the
dynamic landscape shaped by social media in criminal investigations, several
strategic suggestions emerge. The
important findings in my research was (10.24%) of 31 - 40 years age group
people were said yes that social media platforms cooperate with law enforcement
in providing information for investigations.First and foremost, the
development of specialised training programs is essential to equip law
enforcement with advanced digital investigative skills. Collaborative efforts
with technology experts can facilitate the integration of cutting-edge tools
and techniques. Legislative frameworks must be crafted to address the evolving
challenges, striking a balance between the imperative to access information and
the protection of privacy. The future scope of the impact of social media on
criminal investigations is poised for continued evolution and innovation.
Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning will likely
enhance the capabilities of predictive analysis, aiding law enforcement in
anticipating and preventing criminal activities based on patterns identified
within social media data. Striking a delicate balance between leveraging the
benefits of social media in investigations and addressing its potential
pitfalls is essential. As technology continues to evolve, law enforcement must
adapt their strategies, policies, and ethical frameworks to ensure that the
integration of social media remains a powerful ally in the pursuit of justice
while upholding fundamental rights and principles.
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?
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?
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?
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?
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?
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[1] Student, Saveetha school of law, srivarshinikathir@gmail.com
[2] Student, Saveetha school of law,bavanaanandan@gmail.com
[3] Student, Saveetha school of law,shahinmujeeb2430@gmail.com
Article Information
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS.
Authors: SRIVARSHINI.K, BAVANA.A, SHAHIN.M
- Journal IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Published 2024/02/24
- Issue 7
About Journal
International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis
- Abbreviation IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
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