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ROLE OF REHABILITATION PROGRAMMES IN IMPROVING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN THE SOCIETY
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ROLE OF REHABILITATION
PROGRAMMES IN IMPROVING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
IN THE
SOCIETY
AUTHORED BY
- SALONI VERMA &
DR. PIYUSH KUMAR TRIVEDI (SUPERVISOR)
(LL.M.
Semester-4 Session- 2022-24)
Khwaja
Moinuddin Chishti Language University, Lucknow, U.P. (India)
ABSTRACT
As a vital resource for our country,
children must have a safe place to live, and it is the responsibility of every
member of society to ensure that they do. Still, in a growing country like
India, the rate of youth crime has increased significantly in the last ten
years. It is possible to compare the pervasiveness of youth crime in our
culture today to an illness. In addition to showing partiality and exemptions
for particular categories of people, the Indian criminal justice system treats
some offenses differently than others. A separate law that deals with juvenile
justice has been established, despite the Indian Penal Code listing a number of
exemptions and the court's willingness to be lenient when it comes to punishing
young offenders. Different legislative acts have defined the term ‘juvenile’
in different ways. However, people who have not yet turned 18 are regarded as
juveniles under the most recent law, The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection)
Act. The reason for having a separate juvenile justice system is that our
culture recognizes that adolescents are different from adults in certain ways
and that these differences should be treated differently. Although the juvenile
justice system prioritizes rehabilitation over punishment, there is still concern
for public safety and the need to make sure that young offenders are held
accountable for their actions. The process of returning a person to a
productive and functioning life by means of therapeutic interventions and
educational initiatives is referred to as ‘rehabilitation’. For example, if a
minor exhibits delinquent behavior, it can be required of them to participate
in counseling or a rehabilitative intervention that aims to enhance their
decision-making skills in the future. Nationwide, the prevalence of juvenile
criminals has increased despite the existence of laws dealing to the care of
juveniles. The purpose of placing juveniles in rehabilitation centers is to
enhance their prospects for the future.
KEYWORDS:
Juvenile Delinquency, Juvenile, Reformation,
Rehabilitation, Societal Impact
1. INTRODUCTION:
The idea of juvenile justice was born
out of the realization that the traditional criminal justice system was
inadequate to deal with problems relating to juvenile delinquency and children
in unusual situations. The term 'Juvenile Justice' refers to the legal as well
as social aspects of justice. India uses legal mechanisms like courts and rules
to ensure that marginalized and delinquent children receive social and legal
justice. Articles 15(3)[1],
24[2],
39(e)[3],
39(f)[4],
and 45[5] of
the Indian Constitution recognize the unique position of children. The
importance of children as a vital national resource was stated clearly in
India's 1975 National Policy.
Like in many other countries, the
juvenile justice system in India is designed to precisely address the needs and
circumstances of young offenders under the age of eighteen. The Indian juvenile
justice system places a strong emphasis on rehabilitation and reintegration,
giving these goals precedence over punitive measures. This essay offers a
thorough examination of India's juvenile justice system, paying special
attention to the idea of rehabilitation.
Children who are under the age of
eighteen and who are suspected or confirmed to have committed a crime, have
been involved in unlawful conduct, or are a part of any illegal activity are
referred to as juveniles in confrontation with the law. A police officer can
only apprehend children who are in violation of the law; they cannot be
arrested by them. Only those minors who have committed horrific crimes between
the ages of 16 and 18 are eligible for adult treatment and trials.
A Juvenile Justice Board chaired by a
magistrate and two social workers should hear the case of the juvenile in
conflict with the law instead of it being tried in a criminal court. The
purpose of social workers serving on the Juvenile Justice Board is to provide
the child with appropriate care and guidance, with a concern for the future.
According to the Child Rights
Convention, a child in legal trouble is entitled to the following:
§ a minimum amount of liberty
restrictions,
§ automatic sentence suspension,
§ probation based on merit,
§ confidentiality of proceedings,
§ no corporal punishment,
§ must be kept separately from adult
offenders,
§ availability of legal support,
§ bail and release,
§ been given privacy,
§ education, development of skills,
sports, games, etc.
Making a child comprehend and repent
of the offense they have committed is the main goal of their incarceration when
they are in legal trouble. The juvenile may be freed from probation following
the jail period specified by the Juvenile Justice Board[6]. Henceforth,
he must be carefully reintegrated into society.
Together with government nodal
agencies, childcare facilities, and social welfare, organizations seek out
practical solutions for the juvenile's rehabilitation. Standard Operating
Procedures[7],
established by the Ministry of Women and Child Development[8],
are necessary to guarantee this. Periodically, social workers, probation
officers, and parole officers follow up with the child to ensure that they
successfully reintegrate into the society from which they were previously
excluded.
2.
CONCEPT OF REHABILITATION
Research suggests that involving kids
in the process of rehabilitation except for seeing them as ‘trouble makers’ or ‘problem
children’ is the most effective strategy to discover positive solutions when
kids are involved in illegal activities. An essential first step in this path
is acknowledging and respecting their rights as children and as human beings.
Juvenile justice has so broken from
the criminal justice model of punishment, seeing the detrimental effects of
being associated with adult offenders as well as the greater likelihood of
reformation for children due to their developmental stage and still-emerging
capacities. When a child is found committing an offense, juvenile justice
adopts a reformative and rehabilitative approach, using community-based
measures as a last resort and institutionalization as a temporary measure until
appropriate community-based alternatives are found for the child.
3.
REHABILITATION THEORY
The rehabilitation hypothesis is one
of the four humanistic ideas of punishment. The concept is predicated on the
theory that a problematic circumstance serves as the primary catalyst for an
individual's criminal behavior. This includes their social environment,
psychological growth, and biological composition, among other things.
Understanding one's past helps explain one's perspective on the law. This is
important because it explains how they behave and establishes if any illegal behavior
resulted from their free will. This is justified by the idea that there is no
way to undo what occurred because of a person's free choice.
Theorists argue that the primary goal
of incarceration should be to teach and reform the offender, not to benefit society.
In the long run, this approach is much more practical because it seeks to
diminish the individual's tendency toward criminal behavior rather than
severely injuring their psychological or social makeup. It is theorized that
the incentive for committing a crime stems from an internal conflict between an
individual's nature and motivations; in order to completely eliminate this
reason, one must reformat.
Another prevalent belief is that
since crime is a sickness, it is treatable. ‘Reformative approach to punishment
should be the object of criminal law in order to promote rehabilitation without
offending community conscience and to secure social justice,’ the Supreme Court
declared in the Naroutam Singh v. State of Punjab[9]
case.
4.
JUVENILE
A juvenile
is someone who has not reached the age of majority. A minor cannot be brought
into custody when they are caught breaching the law or acting in an unlawful
manner; they can only be detained. Minors who commit terrible crimes between
the ages of sixteen and eighteen are regarded as majors in the legal system and
will go through adult trials. In the past, there was no distinction made
between adult and juvenile punishment.
Normally,
a person would go through the criminal court trial process and follow the
hierarchy of the legal system. However, a minor who has been arrested will
appear before the juvenile justice board, which is presided over by a
magistrate and consists of two social workers. The magistrate is in charge of
the legal aspect, while the social worker is there to ensure the child is
handled fairly.
The
following rights will be accorded to any minor who has broken the law in
accordance with the child rights convention:
·
They will receive compassionate care and humane
treatment.
·
They will not be subjected to corporal punishment.
·
There will be a separation from adult offenders while
in detention.
·
They will be able to get legal assistance.
·
Upon identification, they will be released on bond.
·
Their privacy is very important to us and will be
respected.
·
A reasonable decision
·
Sentence will automatically be suspended.
·
Rights guaranteed by the constitution
·
The right against discrimination
·
The confidentiality of any procedure and proceeding
Social organizations and childcare
facilities collaborate to offer solutions that can help the juveniles become
rehabilitated and nurse them back into society.
The juvenile will be regulated by the
social worker to monitor their reintegration into society and to obtain a more
comprehensive check.
Rehabilitation aids young people in
changing potentially delinquent inclinations.
The following are some sociocultural
elements that may have contributed to the same:
·
Poverty,
·
Films,
·
Sexual Indulgence,
·
Uncontrollable impulse,
·
Unstable adolescence,
·
School failure,
·
Associational effects,
·
Uncongenial residences.
Through rehabilitation, the person
will receive the critical support they need.
5. PROVISIONS IN THE JUVENILE JUSTICE ACT
According to the Juvenile Justice Act[10],
the child's rehabilitation must start as soon as they are placed in a care home
or other type of correctional facility. One way to socially recognize a child
who is in trouble with the law is to:
a. AFTERCARE ORGANIZATIONS
The youngster is housed in these
transitional homes until they are fully reintegrated into society. Special
houses registered under the nodal agency of government that works for the
welfare and protection of basic rights of juvenile offenders are called
aftercare organizations. The minors receiving treatment at the aftercare
facilities received:
·
Vocational Training,
·
Using therapeutic training to enhance psychological behavior,
·
Ongoing Education,
·
Societal Values Consensus,
·
The capacity to sustain oneself financially,
·
Exercises that promote both mental and physical health.
Adolescents in aftercare programs can
lead moral and productive lives. After-care organizations aim to accomplish the
main goal of helping minors and children adjust to society. All that aftercare
organizations are is a makeshift residence reserved for a group of young
people. These youngsters are motivated to learn a new skills and trade at the
aftercare organizations, where they also help to manage the aftercare home. Any
volunteer-run facility or group that is recognized as an after-care provider
aims to equip young people and adolescents with the social and life skills they
need to become fully integrated members of society.
Children and teenagers enrolled in
the aftercare program also receive the necessary financial help as well as
social, legal, and medical services. The aftercare organization offers children
and juveniles opportunities for regular educational and vocational training to
help them become self-sufficient and earn their own income. After the juvenile
is reintegrated into the community, the after-care organization is responsible
for making sure there is consistent follow-up and support available.
The Members of several government
agencies team up to help the juvenile reintegrate at large by giving them
support following their integration with continuous monitoring, as well as
psychological and financial support.
b. SPONSORSHIP
It is the assistance by financial
means provided to child care facilities, foster families, etc. to cover the
costs associated with the rehabilitation of young offenders. Assistance from
the government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), or private citizens may
be involved.
c. FOSTER CARE
It is an alternative available to
care for the juveniles other than institutionalization. According to Section 42[11]
of the Juvenile Justice Act of 2000[12],
the juvenile may be put in a foster family or receive parental care, both of
which are not feasible under traditional institutional rehabilitation. He then
receives education and care from the family. The foster family is compensated
for unpaid labour.
Foster care may be an option for a
child whose biological parents are:
§ Sentenced,
§ A victim of fatal illnesses,
§ Being overseas,
§ Incapacitated using other methods.
d. ADOPTION
Adoption helps childless couples as
well as homeless and impoverished children and orphans. Adults who are alone
find purpose in life through adoption, as it grants them a parent-child bond. Even
if the adoptive parents and the adopted child are unrelated, adoption fosters a
strong bond between them. According to Section 2(2)[13]
of the Juvenile Justice Act of 2015[14],
adoption is the legal process by which a child is taken from their biological
parents and placed with new parents, granting them all the rights, obligations,
and privileges that come placed with new parents, granting them all the rights,
obligations, and privileges that come because of being a biological child.
6. VARIOUS JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS STEPS FOR REHABILITATING
JUVENILES
When a minor is in legal trouble,
they are brought before the Juvenile Justice Board rather than other courts. One
of the two social workers in the board is female. This is to ensure that case
proceedings are conducted in a manner that determines the child's wellbeing.
Justice is served with caution,
containing not only the penalty for the illegal act but also measures to
rehabilitate the youngster for reintegration into society.
a.
PRE-TRIAL
PROCESSES
According to Rule 11(11) of the JJ
Rules, 2007[15], the
police must file a FIR or charge sheet when interacting with a kid who is in
legal trouble, except for serious crimes like rape and murder. only the data
that was entered into the daily general journal.
As soon as the police apprehend the
minor, they should appear before the JJB. Before the JJB[16],
a report on the social history of juvenile, the circumstances surrounding, and
the alleged crime they committed should be filed.
When a juvenile is charged with an
offense for which bail is required or not, they ‘shall’ be released on bond or
put in the appropriate individual or organization’s care.
b. TRIAL AND ADJUDICATION
With the authority granted by Section
14[17]
of the Juvenile Justice Act, the JJB investigates the minor who has been
accused of a crime and brought before it. Section 18[18]
prohibits the trial of a minor alongside an adult.
Documentary proof such as the
juvenile's birth certificate, matriculation certificate, or medical board test
is used to calculate the juvenile's age.
Rule 13[19]
requires the JJB to wrap up investigation as soon as feasible. If the Board
determines it is appropriate, the juvenile's presence throughout the
investigation may be granted.
c. POST-TRIAL PROCESSES
To make sure a minor is not
disqualified in a conflict of law, the juvenile's case files are deleted when
the appeal deadline has passed. Once the juveniles left the juvenile homes, the
government-approved after-care organizations ran a variety of programs to help
them lead honorable, hardworking, and productive lives. All released children
should have regular follow-up programs run by the institution to make sure they
don't end up back in a challenging position. The children and their families
should be in regular communication with the institution. Frequent follow-up
initiatives contribute to a lower recidivism rate. Institutions ought to hold
half-yearly gatherings to hear the juveniles' opinions about their present
circumstances and determine what more needs to be done to help them recover.
§ Sustaining zero recidivism is the
program's primary goal.
§ Participants in these programs
include parents, social workers from organizations with similar goals, SJPU[20] police
officers, and the superintendent of the government juvenile home for boys.
§ The program provides parents and kids
with individual and group counseling sessions.
§ Frequent follow-up programs
facilitate the ongoing development of relationships with the kids and their
families.
§ Through group talks, the program
gives kids a forum to express their worries and difficulties and gain insight
from other kids' experiences about how to overcome obstacles and thrive in
life.
7.
VARIOUS BOARD AND UNIT HELPFUL IN PROVIDING AID
a. SPECIAL JUVENILE POLICE UNITS
§ Building the capacity of child welfare
officers;
§ Sensitivity training;
§ NGO involvement in SJPU operations
§ Frequent review sessions with SJPU
and other relevant parties
§ Establish a forum for communication
between parents, kids, and law enforcement by arranging for police officers to
visit schools and colleges and participate in meetings there.
§ During these meetings, raising
awareness of laws and processes
§ Hold review sessions to ensure
stakeholders are held accountable for their functioning.
b. JUVENILE JUSTICE BOARD
§ Boosting the availability of free
legal aid cells
§ Capacity building for Juvenile
Justice Board members and its employees
§ Capacity building for workers from
the Juvenile Justice Board's observation home
§ Facilitating frequent get-togethers
between JJB members and the kids and staff at the observation home.
§ Facilitating follow-up meetings for
JJB members to get together with parents and released kids.
§ NGO participation in the operation of
the observation homes
§ Parents and kids should be informed
about the JJ system's procedures and free legal help.
§ Regular review sessions should be
used to ensure responsibility.
§ Establishment of a Child/Youth
Guidance Center connected to every JJB.
The center ought to base its services on the idea of diverting juvenile criminals.
Based on the findings of the social investigation, the JJB should exercise judgment when referring children to the Guidance Center. The following services ought to be offered by this center:
The center ought to base its services on the idea of diverting juvenile criminals.
Based on the findings of the social investigation, the JJB should exercise judgment when referring children to the Guidance Center. The following services ought to be offered by this center:
v Staff training
v Individual work and therapeutic care
v Collaborative and community work
v Mindfulness training for kids and
their parents
§ Whenever possible, community-based
diversion facilities have to be established. The JJB may use the restorative
justice concept while creating a community service program by bearing the
following in mind:
v The type of offense the CCL
committed,
v How it was committed,
v How it affected the victim
v Instructions that need to be given to
the CCL
v How the program will assist in
undoing the victim's harm
Restorative justice can be applied to
any offense, as long as it is done correctly. Many nations around the world are
already using them for horrific crimes like rape and murder, but we might start
small by implementing them for all compoundable offenses in a routine way and sometimes
on other minor and major grounds.
In each scenario, the following
requirements must be met to implement restorative practice:
§ The CCL[21]
must acknowledge committing the offense;
§ The CCL, not their parents, must be
prepared to take accountability for making the necessary corrections.
§ The CCL needs to be prepared to offer
the victim an apology.
§ The victim will be able to express
their desires for the CCL to make reparations.
§ The goal should be to repair the harm
that has been done, not to denigrate the perpetrator.
§ The victim should be helped to
refrain from making demands that the CCL is unable to meet.
c. OBSERVATION HOMES
The observation home's atmosphere
ought to promote de-stigmatization and reintegration into society at large.
Sports and mindfulness programs in the home should be used to teach life
skills.
Among the kids in CCIs, restorative
justice techniques can be a useful tool for positive discipline and conflict
resolution.
d. PROBATION OFFICERS
Section 25[22]
of the JJ Rules[23] states
that when creating a post-release plan for the aftercare of an individual who
is set to leave a child care facility, the probation officer or social worker
shall include the following information:
§ Academic background
§ When the child leaves the childcare
institution, will his family take care of him?
§ If so, give a brief description of
each family member, including their age, relationship, and income.
v If not, describe the child's intended
post-release housing, its legal status (own home, rented property, or in the
care of a family or acquaintance)
v The child's employable skills.
v It is imperative to assess the
individual's career prospects within their society, given the likelihood that
their past criminal activity may come to light.
8. ACTIVITIES UNDER REHABILITATION
The daily schedule for rehabilitation
programs in special homes and observation homes may include the following
activities:
a.
DISCIPLINE
Juveniles who participate in
structured programs that promote discipline will grow up to be responsible
members of society. The youngsters learn discipline from the regimented and
rigorous schedule.
b. YOGA
A child's mental and physical
development can benefit from yoga. Yoga poses such as Pranayama, Soorya
Namaskar, Halasana, Vajrasana, Trikonasana, Bhujangasana, Padmasana,
Dhanurasana, Mudrasana, Vakrasana, Shavasana, and others are introduced to the
younger audience. It keeps them in good shape all day and aids them in their
daily lives.
c. MEDITATION
Regular meditation practice has
several benefits for the practitioner. Juveniles who meditate can benefit from
a variety of health benefits, including reduced stress, enhanced attention
span, improved immunity and metabolism, enhanced brain function, and improved
emotional stability.
It is best to play some soft music
fist thing in the morning. Children who regularly practice meditation and
stillness are more content and at ease throughout the day.
d.
PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT
All attempts should be made to
inspire youngsters to put their dreams together and take action. Young people
need to believe in themselves and have faith that they can improve their lives.
Various awareness campaigns and
subject-specific classes should be used to help young people develop their
moral principles and personalities. Adolescents' personalities are enhanced
when good self-esteem is built in them and they are taught to avoid harmful
influences.
e.
COUNSELING
Counselors with experience should
provide regular counseling to the youngsters. Another crucial component of
helping kids improve their mental health is counselling. To boost their
self-esteem and eradicate the stigma and other mentally crippling influences,
it is imperative.
f.
VOCATIONAL
AND SKILL TRAINING
Through meticulous observation and
personalized evaluation of every child, establishments need to uncover latent
abilities and possibilities within a youngster. Sometimes a child needs more
instruction and experience to excel in a particular subject. Organizations were
found to mostly offer courses on beauty culture, cutting and tailoring, which
includes sewing, dressmaking, and fashion design, and computer classes, which
cover tally, Microsoft Office, Microsoft Excel, hardware, desktop publishing,
etc. There are also lots of options for stenography and typing.
g.
BALA-PANCHAYAT
§ Every week, children in institutions
should conduct Bala-Panchayats (child self-governance) with their peers. Giving
people the chance to accept accountability for their acts is the goal of the
Bala-Panchayat. It fosters a sense of ‘we’ among the kids.
§ Bal-Panchayat helps people develop
self-control, boosts their self-esteem, encourages teamwork and methodical
thinking, clarifies their objectives, and empowers them to solve issues.
§ Bala-Panchayath facilitates
children's democratic and methodical expression of their opinions to the management.
h.
COMPUTER
EDUCATION
We are completely dependent on
computers in this fast-paced day. A computer is a necessary tool in every line
of employment. Adolescents who receive computer education have the chance to
enhance their technical expertise.
i.
DEVELOPMENT
OF SHORT-TERM COURSES
Research has indicated that a
significant contributing factor to adolescent criminality in India is
illiteracy and ignorance. Other things that entice kids to commit crimes are
poverty and a lack of employment possibilities. By helping youngsters develop
their skills and find jobs for themselves, institutions can contribute to the
eradication of poverty, ignorance, and illiteracy through the provision of
short-term courses.
j.
ART AND
CRAFT THERAPY
Children who engage in art and craft
projects benefit in many ways, including relaxation, a sense of accomplishment,
self-discovery, improved motor skills, the development of a fulfilling lifelong
passion, mental alertness, and more.
Institutionalized juveniles must get
frequent instruction from certified instructors. Painting, dancing, and other
artistic endeavors should be introduced into the home because these artistic
endeavors are proven to have therapeutic benefits.
k. SPOKEN ENGLISH
Being a universal language, English
has emerged as a crucial instrument for globalization. The language of
communication in and around the world is English. The curriculum of the
juvenile institution should contain spoken English instruction, which should be
regularly instructed by a qualified teacher.
l.
CULTURAL
GATHERING
The institution should incorporate
weekly cultural events into its kid-friendly lifestyle. It is also a crucial
part of juvenile development as a whole. It facilitates the children's hidden
skills to coming to light. The children put on a variety of performances every
Sunday, including speech, drama, dance, and more.
A disciplined and self-assured group
will be formed through this cultural exchange. It also instills moral
principles, bolsters their abilities, broadens their knowledge, and cultivates
a more positive outlook.
m. DRAMA AND DRAMA PRACTICE
Juveniles' artistic abilities are
identified in order to enhance their cultural life, and classes are set up to
showcase their talents publicly.
n. FARMING, GARDENING AND ANIMAL HUSBANDARY
Juveniles who engage in farming,
gardening, and animal husbandry are able to improve their entrepreneurial
abilities and become self-sufficient after being released from foster care.
o. SPORTS AND GAMES
This adage, ‘All work and no play
makes Jack a dull boy,’ applies to all kids. To establish their pattern and
recharge, they require physical exertion. As a result, frequent games and
sports should be played without endangering the safety of young people.
p. RECREATION
Indoor games and television shows are
helpful resources for adding extracurricular activities to a person's daily
schedule. This lessens the routine and dullness in their lives.
q. INDIVIDUAL CARE PLAN
According to Section 39[24]
of the Juvenile Justice Act[25],
each juvenile shall have a customized care plan for social integration and
rehabilitation that takes into account the needs and service alternatives found
during the assessment process. It assists in efficiently determining and
meeting all of their demands. To ensure that the personalized care plan is
flexible and able to adapt to the needs of a developing child, it should be
reviewed on a frequent basis.
r. PROFESSIONAL COURSE
Studies have indicated that, while
not the only factor, poverty is frequently the cause of juvenile criminality.
The key to children's continued development is financial empowerment. The
best way to empower these kids financially is to get them a job in the greatest
workplace. Universities may offer professional courses that are
connected to other organizations.
9. CONCLUSION
The legal system offers a
comprehensive option for juvenile rehabilitation. Reformative care is described
in depth and does not currently require improvement. India has made a smart
decision by treating adult and juvenile offenders separately.
Juveniles benefit greatly from the
reformative theory since it helps mold their minds before they reach a
particular level of awareness and maturity. The reintegration of inmates into
society is one of the main issues they encounter.
The upkeep of an extensive database
that allows for regular monitoring of the person is one recommendation the
author may make to help with the aftercare of a juvenile.
The juvenile system in India has been
successful in reforming offenders; thus, the Indian criminal system has to
gradually integrate adult-offenders and adjust to demands in order to observe
its impact and hope that the reformative theory can be implemented as normal
practice in India. issue has been totally resolved by the juvenile judicial
system.
Reintegrating a juvenile into society
is crucial to their reformation as a law-abiding child and to their development
into a model citizen. Both government and non-governmental organizations
collaborate in the juvenile's rehabilitation.
The main objective of correctional
law of juvenile have switched from punishing the accused for the claimed crime
to help juvenile regret his action and conduct and then rehabilitate him. Due
diligence in juvenile case proceedings and child-centric activities is demanded
by social activists and international treaties.
Apart from horrible offenses like
rape and murder, the kid is given mild treatment, having their case heard
outside the regular courts by the specially established Juvenile Justice Board.
The welfare of children who are in legal trouble is the primary concern for the
constant updating and upgrading of laws and statutes.
As a result, he or she received
lenient treatment, was taken out of the setting where the offense was
committed, was given the right care to help them grasp the seriousness of their
acts, and was then allowed to return to society at large. More funding should
be provided by state governments to cover the costs of child welfare
initiatives and to send out trained personnel to follow up and oversee NGOs'
operations.
Each taluk and district should have a
greater number of juvenile justice boards, and the government should also build
enough dwellings. If a real society is interested in eliminating crime,
internal transformation must begin. The first step in doing this is putting the
young people who have become estranged back on the straight and narrow road.
[6] Section 4, The Juvenile
Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015
[7]Abbrv. SOP
[8]With effect from 30th
January, 2006, earlier since 1985 under Ministry of Human Resources Development
[9] V.R. Krishna Iyer, J.
[10] Commenced 15 January, 2016
[11] Section 42, Foster Care
[12] Commenced 1 April, 2001
[20] Special Juvenile Police Unit
[21] Child in conflict with law
[22] Section 25, JJ Rules,
Functions and powers of the committee
[23] Commenced on 26th
October, 2007
[24]Jarnail Singh v. State of
Haryana, 2013
[25] Enforcement from 15th
January, 2016
Article Information
ROLE OF REHABILITATION PROGRAMMES IN IMPROVING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN THE SOCIETY
Authors: SALONI VERMA, DR. PIYUSH KUMAR TRIVEDI
- Journal IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Published 2024/03/24
- Issue 7
About Journal
International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis
- Abbreviation IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
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