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NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY AND FUTURE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA.
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NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY AND
FUTURE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA.
AUTHORED BY - SHABARESHA. A
v INTRODUCTION
While quantitatively
India is inching closer to universal education, the type of education the
students in India receive has been questioned. With the boost in population,
constructing schools nearer to students living habitats became common; this was
done intending to increase enrolment. Thus creating an escalation in the number
of schools, with nearly 900 universities, 40,000 colleges, and 15 lakh schools,
India lacked in providing qualitative education to students (4, 5). Also, many
of these institutions are small-sized and are running single-program and not
the multidisciplinary style of higher education which is a must in the country
for the 21st century (3) In 2019, about 27% of the Indian population
was observed to be youngsters of the age 0-14 year category, 67% were of the
15-64 age group, hence by 2030 it is expected that India will have more than
69% of youth.
Improving the form of
given to the youth workforce of current and future times is a burden in itself.
This burden was placed on the committee formed headed by K Kasturirangan;
Chairman of the Draft Committee of National Education Policy, and the others
the new policy was drafted and presented at the Assembly in 2019(3), after approval,
on 29th July 2020, the new National Education Policy was launched
(8).
The reforms, detailed in
the policy, provide an upgrade to the Indian Education model. It replaces the current 10+2 education model
with the 5+3+3+4 model and mandates education from 3 years of age, unlike its
predecessor which mandates education from 6 years of age (3) It is expected
that a transformation will be seen in the Education System by 2021.
v OBJECTIVES
The Objectives is to give equal
emphasis on all subjects- Science, Social Science art, and languages, Sports,
Mathematics –with integration of vocational and academic streams in school. A
New and Comprehensive National Curricular Framework for School Education,
NCERT.
Keeping in mind the Positiveness and
merits of NEP 2020, this study aims at:
a) To highlight, study and identify the
innovative ideas the policies of NEP 2020.
b) To compare the National policy of
Education 1986 and its reforms with National Education policy 2020.
c) To highlight the merits of NEP 2020.
d) Predicting required improvements to
NEP 2020.
v ADVANTAGES &DISADVANTAGES OF NEP
Recently many changes have been
introduced in the academic system of India starting form the school to college
level. New National Education Policy has been approved by the union cabinet
reflecting all the changes. This newly approved plan talks about major
transformational reforms in the Indian academic sector which are appreciated by
many along with appreciation; there is also criticism which focuses on the
drawbacks of this new education policy.
Following Advantaged and disadvantaged of new
education policy 2020
1. The Government aims to make schooling
available to everyone with the help of NEP 2020.
2. Approximately two crore school
students will be able to come back to educational institutes through this new
approach.
3. According to the national education
policy 2020, the5+3+3+4 structure will replace the existing 10+2 structure;
this structure is focused on student’s formative years of learning. This
5+3+3+4 structure corresponds to age’s form 3 to 8, 8 to 11, 11 to 14 and 14 to
18. 12 years of schooling, 3 years if Anganwadi and pre-schooling are included
in this structure.
4. For children up to the age of 8, a
National Curricular and pedagogical Framework for Early Childhood Care and
Education will be designed and developed by NCERT.
5. According to the national education
policy 2020, the education ministry is to set up a national mission on
foundational literacy and numeracy; the responsibility for successful
implementation for achieving the foundation of numeracy and literacy for all students till class three falls upon
the states of India. This implementation is scheduled to be done by 2025.
6. One of the merits of NEP 2020 is the
formation of the National Book promotion policy in India.
7. Appropriate authorities will conduct
the school examinations for grades 3, 5 and 8. The board exams for grades 10
and 12 will continue but the NEP 2020 aims to re-design the structure with
holistic development.
8. Parakh national education policy is
to be set up by the Government.
9. Special daytime boarding school “BAL
Bhavans “to be established in every state district in India. This boarding
school will be used for participation in activities related to play, career,
art.
10. According to the national education
policy 2020, an Academic Bank of Credit will be established. The credits earned
by the students can be stored and when the final degree gets completed, those
can be counted.
11. According to the national education
policy 2020, Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities at par with
the IITs and IIMs will be set up in the country; These are scheduled to be set
up for introducing multidisciplinary academic.
12. The same list of accreditation and
regulation rules will be used for guiding both the public and private academic
bodies.
13. Phased out college affiliation and
autonomy will be granted to colleges.
14. By the year 2030, it will be
mandatory to have at least a four B. ED degree for joining the occupation of
teaching.
15. For making the students prepared for
future pandemic situations, online academic will be promoted on a larger scale.
v DRAWBACKS :>/DISADVANTAGES:
1. In the National Education Policy
2020, language is a negative factor as
there is a problematic teacher to student ratio in India, thus introducing
mother languages for each subject in academic institutes is a problem, Sometimes,
finding a competent teacher becomes a problem and now another challenge comes
with the introduction of the NEP 2020, which is bringing study material in
mother languages.
2. According to the national education
policy 2020, students willing to complete their graduation have to study for
four years while one can easily complete his/her diploma degree in two years
.This might encourage the pupil to leave the course midway.
3. According to the national education
policy 2020, students of the private schools will be introduced to English at a
much earlier age than the students of the Government schools. This is one of
the major new education policy drawbacks as this will increase the number of
students uncomfortable in communicating in English thus widening the gap between
sections of the societies.
v CASE LAWS
1. SHYLAJA V/S KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA
SANGATHAN
The Court has refused to
interfere with minimum age criteria of 6 years for admission in class 1 in
kendriya vidyalayas for the academic year 2022-2023. The National Education
Policy 2020,which prescribed the minimum age of 6 years for add=mission to
class 1 was not under challenge by the petitioner . Mere non-compliance of a
direction issued by the Central Government for implementation of NEP 2020 by
other school cannot be a reason to restrain kendriya vidyalaya sangathan form
doing so.
2. SHAGUN CHAURASIYA V/S UNION OF INDIA.
The petitioners ‘plea
that the age criteria of 5+ is still continuing in some of the schools like the
Army public school, Bangalore and Vikram Sarabhai space.
3. STATE OF TAMIL NADU AND OTHERS V/S K.
SHYAM SUNDER AND OTHERS.
2011 Vide order dated
25/05.2011. The decision of the cabinet was challenged before the High Court by
filling writ petitions on 1/06/2011 and during the pendency.
Dissemination of learning
with search for new knowledge with discipline all round must be maintained at
all costs “The case at hand is to be proceeded.
4. DATTAR PARULEKAR OTHERS V/S DEPUTY
DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION MUMBAI OTHERS.:
The petitioners are teachers
and claim to be experts in the field of Art and craft. They claim a writ of
Mandamus directing the Respondents to forthwith make.
5. R. VENKAT REDDY V/S STATE OF
TELANGANA
Tackling the backlog all
children from class II to class X who are lagging behind in attaining
appropriate learning levels as per their class must be Constitute an external
Independent Evaluation Commission on a permanent basis to evaluate learning
outcomes at regular intervals and which would also act.
v CONCLUSION:
With Introduction of NEP 2020, many
changes have been made and one of those is the new policy rules education
system also so many changes, In The National Education policy is a
comprehensive set of guidelines and recommendations for the Indian Education system
.It aims to make education more inclusive, relevant ,and engaging for all
students , and to foster-the development of critical thinking and
problem-solving skills.
v HISTORY OF EDUCATION OF INDIA:
With universities like Takshashila
and Nalanda, India has always given prompt importance to education. India’s
educational history is painted in awe with great Sages and Monks as Gurus. But
there seemed to be one fault with the earliest system. With the point “King Son
becomes a King” and the classification of society into four classes was the
main issue in this education system. Brahmin class guarded the Vedic Knowledge,
the Kshatriyas were the ruling class, the Vishay’s were the trading class and
Shudras were the working class. Children of these classes were education was
ever imparted according to their bloodlines and no education was ever imparted
to the Shudra class. This system may have been good for ancient times, but with
development of education and society in the other parts of the world, India
lacked the skilled workforce and intellects required to develop the country,
literacy was becoming a great issue.
India introduced the first education
policy in 1968 during the government of former Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi.
Rajiv Gandhi government formulated the second education policy in 1886.
Narasimha Rao government made some amendments to this policy in 1992.
v NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2020
·
National
Education policy, 2020 (NEP) envisions a massive transformation in education
through-“an education system rooted in Indian ethos that contributes directly
to transforming India, that is Bharat, sustainably into an equitable and
vibrant Knowledge society, by providing high quality education to all, thereby
making India a global knowledge
superpower ,” The NEP 2020 is founded on the five guiding pillars of Access,
Quality, Affordability and Accountability, It will prepare our youth to meet
the diverse national and global challenges of the present and the future.
·
In
school education, the National Education policy 2020 stresses on the core
values and principle that education must develop not only the cognitive skills
, that is, -both ‘foundational skills “ of
literacy and numeracy and “higher-order ‘ skills such as critical
thinking and problem solving –but also ,social and emotional skills-also
referred to as ‘soft skills ‘ –including cultural awareness and empathy,
perseverance and grit, teamwork , leader ship , communication , among others.
The policy aims and aspires to universalize the pre-primary education and
provides special emphasis the pre-primary education and provides special
emphasis on the attainment of foundational literacy in primary school and
beyond for all by 2005. It recommends plethora of reforms at all levels of
school education which seek to ensure quality to schools, transformation of the
curriculum including pedagogy with 5+3+3+4 design covering children in the age
group 3-18 years, reform in the current exams and assessment system,
strengthening of teacher training, and restructuring the education regulatory
framework. It seeks to increase public investment in education, strengthen the
use of technology and increase focus on vocational and adult education, among others.
It recommends that the curriculum load in each subject should be reduced to its
‘core essential’ loan in each subject should be reduce to its ‘core essential’
content by making space for holistic discussion and analysis-based learning.
·
It
also proposes the revision and revamping of all aspects of the education structure,
including the school regulation and governance, create a new system which is
aligned with the aspirational goals of 21st century education along
with India’s tradition, culture and value system. Technology will be integrated
with education through several existing as well as proposed initiatives,
including energized text books, high quality e-content for capacity building of
teachers and learners, question banks based on learning outcomes, etc. The
policy also notes that establishing primary schools in every habitation across
the country has helped in increasing access to education However; it has led to
the development of very small schools (having low number of students) which makes
it operationally complex to deploy teachers and critical physical resources.
Therefore, the policy recommends that multiple public schools can be brought
together to form a school complex or any innovative grouping mechanism for
efficient governance. The policy has emphasized upon Quality Education across
all stages of School Education Quality education is not only a life-changing,
but also a mind-crafting and character-building experience, that positively
impacts on citizenship. Empowered learners not only contribute to many growing
developmental imperatives of the country but also participate in creating a
just and equitable society.
·
In
higher Education ,NEP,2020 provides valuable insights and recommendations on
various aspects of education that include moving towards multidisciplinary
and holistic education,
Institutional autonomy, promotion of
quality research through establishment of National Research Foundation, continuous professional
development of teachers, integration of technology, internationalization of
higher education, restructuring of governance and regulatory architecture,
multidisciplinary curricula, engaging blended, pedagogy, valid reliable and blended
assessment and availability of content in India languages. The policy is
expected to bring long-lasting positive impact on the education system and
making India a global hub of skilled manpower during the ‘Amrit Kaal ‘, the
next 25 years leading up to developed India in 2047, It s implementation needs
collective efforts of Centre, States, UTs, HEIs, Regulating Agencies /
Regulatory Bodies and all other relevant stakeholders.
v SALIENT FEATURES OF NEP,2020
National Education Policy 2020 has
been announced on 29/07/2020. The Education Policy 2020 proposes various
reforms in school education as well as higher education including as well as
higher education including technical education. A number of action points
/activities for implementation in school education as well higher education are
mentioned in the National Education Policy 2020. Details of the salient
features of NEP 2020 are as follows:
Ensuring Universal Access at All
Levels of schooling form pre-primary school to Grade 12:
o
Ensuring quality early childhood care and education
for all children between 3-6 years.
o
New Curricular and pedagogical structure (5+3+3+4):
o
No hard separations between arts and sciences, between
curricular and extra-curricular activities between vocational and academic
streams:
o
Establishing National Mission on Foundational Literacy
and Numeracy:
o
Emphasis on promoting multilingualism and Indian
languages: The medium of instruction until at least Grade 5, but preferably
till Grade 8 and beyond, will the home language/mother tongue/local language
/regional language.
o
Assessment reforms - Board Exams on up two occasions
during any given school year, one main examination and one for improvement, if
desired.
o
Setting up of a new National Assessment Centre, PARAKH
(performance Assessement, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic
Development):
o
Equitable and inclusive education Special emphasis
given on Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups |(SEDGs)
o
A separate Gender Inclusion fund and special Education
Zones for disadvantages regions and groups:
o
Robust and transparent processes for recruitment of
teachers and merit based performance:
o
Ensuring availability of all resources through school
complexes and clusters:
o
Setting up of State School Standards Authority (SSSA):
o
Exposure of vocational education in school and higher
education system:
o
Increasing CER in higher education to 50%
o
Holistic and Multidisciplinary Education with multiple
entry/exit options:
o
NTA to offer Common Entrance Exam for Admission to
HEIs:
o
Establishment of Academic Bank of Credit:
o
Setting up of multidisciplinary Education and Research
Universities (MERUs)
o
Setting up of National Research Foundation (NRF)
o
Single overarching umbrella body for promotion of
higher Education Commission of India (HECI) -with independent bodies for
standard setting the General Education Council: funding –Higher Education
Grants Council (HEGC): accreditation – National Accreditation Council (NAC) :
and regulation – National Higher Education Regulatory Council ( NHERC) :
o
Expansion of open and distance learning to increase
Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)
o
Internationalization of Education
o
Professional Education will to be an integral part of
the higher education system. Stand –alone technical universities. Health
science universities, legal and agricultural universities, or institutions in
these or other fields, will aim to become multi-disciplinary institutions.
o
Teacher Education -4 years integrated stage-specific,
subject –specific Bachelor of Education.
o
Establishing a National Mission for Mentoring.
o
Creation of an autonomous body. The National
Educational Technology Forum (NETF) to provide a platform for the free exchange
of ideas on the use of technology to enhance learning assessment, planning,
administration. Appropriate integration of technology in to all levels of
education.
o
Achieving 100% youth and adult literacy.
o
Multiple mechanisms with checks and balances will
combat and stop the commercialization of higher sector to investment to
increase the public investment in Education sector to reach 6% of GDP at the
earliest.
o
Strengthening of the central Advisory Board of
Education to ensure coordination to bring overall focus on quality education.
NEP, 2020 aim to increase the GER to
100% in preschool to Secondary level by 2030 whereas GER in Higher Education
including vocational education form 26.3% (2018) to 50% by 2035.
The Central Sector Scheme pandit
madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching (PMMMNMTT) was
launched in 2014 to address comprehensively all issues related to Teacher
Training /Capacity Building and Professional Development of Teachers under the
components, the total 95 Centres were established throughout the country
through which faculties /Teachers have been trained. Currently, The standing Finance Committee has
appraised the Scheme and recommended for continuation till 2025-2026 with the
total outlay of RS. 493.68 crore. Under the PMMMNMTT scheme centres are
established on the basis of the proposals received from education institutions,
their screening by screening Committee and approval by project Approval Board.
The information was given by the
Minister of State for Education, Dr. subhas sarkar of state for Education, Dr. subhas
sarkar in a written reply in the Lok sabha today.
v IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY
(NEP)-2020
The NEP 2020 is founded on the five
guiding pillars of Access, Equity, Quality Affordability and Accountability; it
will prepare our youth to meet the diverse national and global challenges of
the present and the future.
·
The
Fundamental principles of the policy
·
The
Vision of this policy
·
Quality
Universities and colleges A new and forward looking
·
Institutional
Restructuring and consolidation
·
Towards
A more Holistic and Multidisciplinary Education.
·
Optimal
learning Environments and support for students.
·
Internationalization
Article Information
NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY AND FUTURE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA.
Authors: SHABARESHA. A
- Journal IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Published 2023/12/30
- Issue 7
About Journal
International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis
- Abbreviation IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
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