Open Access Research Article

Judiciary Approach To Environmental Protection (BY - Archana Tiwari)

Author(s):
Archana Tiwari
Journal IJLRA
ISSN 2582-6433
Published 2023/01/03
Access Open Access
Volume 2
Issue 7
Download PDF Open PDF Citation Search Scholar

Published Paper

PDF Preview
Download Open

Article Details

i;kZoj.k laj{k.k gsrq U;k;ikfydk
dk n`f"Vdks.k
                                                   vpZuk frokjh
 
lkj
      i;kZoj.k ds izfr tkx:drk ds fy;s le;?ij ljdkj }kjk jk"Vªh; Lrj ij fofHkUu dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd;k tk jgk gSA bl lEcU/k esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij Hkh iz;kl fd;k tkrk jgk gS fd dSls yksxksa dks i;kZoj.k ds izfr tkx:d cuk;k tk;A blds lkFk gh lkFk U;k;ikfydk bl lEcU/k esa dBksj dne mBk;s x;s gSaA yksxksa dks i;kZoj.k ,oa i;kZoj.kh; laj{k.k ds lEcU/k esa tkx:d cukus ds fy, oknksa ds ek/;e ls ljkguh; iz;kl fd;k tkrk jgk gSA
 
eq[; 'kCn& i;kZoj.k] i;kZoj.kh; laj{k.k] fo/kkf;dk] dk;Zikfydk] U;k;ky; dh lfØ;rk] jkT; ljdkj] dsUnz ljdkj] mPp U;k;ky;] mPpre U;k;ky;A
 
izLrkouk
       i;kZoj.k fofèk'kkL= ds fodkl esa Hkkjrh; mPprj U;k;ky;ksa& mPpre U;k;ky; ,oa mPp U;k;ky;ksa dh çeq[k Hkwfedk jgh gSA okLrfod ewY;kadu ls ;g çrhr gksrk gS fd ekuo i;kZoj.k ,oa fodkl] iks"k.kh; fodkl] vUrinh U;k; çnw"kd Hkqxrku djs ikfjLFkfr dks larqyu vkfn ls lEcfUèkr vUrjkZ"Vªh; ekun.Mksa&LV‚dgkse ?kks"k.kk 1972 vkSj i`Foh f'k[kj ?kks"k.kk 1992 dh çfrc)rk U;k;ky; us c<+h tkx:drk ds lkFk fuHkk;k gSA dqN ,d ekeyksa dks NksM+dj tSls ;wfu;u dkckZbM dk ekeyk½ U;k;ky; le; dh xfr ds lkFk c<+rk utj vk;k gSA dk;Zikfydh; ,oa foèkk;h fuf"Ø;rk ds dkj.k U;k;ky;ksa dks ;s Hkh dk;Z djus iM+s gSa tks rduhdh vkSj ikjEifjd rkSj ij U;k;ky; ds {ks=kfèkdkj ds vUrxZr ugha vkrs gSaA dk;Zikfydk vkSj foèkkf;dk dks lfØ; cukus ds ç;kl esa U;k;ky;ksa dks U;kf;d lfØ;rk dk lgkjk ysuk iM+k gSA U;k;ky;ksa us Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 32 ds u;s vk;ke ds vUrxZr i;kZoj.kh; vfèkdkjksa ds laj{k.k dk ç;kl rks fd;k gh gS blds lkFk bls le;] oLrqijd ,oa ikjn'kÊ cukus gsrq fo'ks"kK lfefr;ksa dh LFkkiuk dj rF;kRed ,oa rduhdh fo'ks"kK Kku çkIrdj fo"k;ksa dks lqy>kus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA çkfèkdkfj;ksa dks lkafofèkd drZO;ksa ds fuoZgu ,oa vuqikyu gsrq funZs'k tkjh fd;k gSA fuxjkuh gsrq mik; lq>k;k gSA mPpre U;k;ky; us mPp U;k;ky; esa ^gfjr ihB* LFkkfir dj i;kZoj.kh; ekeyksa ds Rofjr fuLrkj.k dh ckr dh gSA U;k;ky; us l`tukRedrk ,oa fØ;k'khyrk dk ifjp; nsdj i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ,oa lqèkkj esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fn;k gSA
       mPpre U;k;ky; us i;kZoj.k ds çfr tkx`fr ,oa ikfjLFkfrdh; lUrqyu ds ckjs esa tkudkjh gsrq dbZ ekeyksa esa funZs'k tkjh fd;kA ,eå lhå esgrk cuke Hkkjr la?k ¼1992½1 esa mPpre U;k;ky; us fuEu funZs'k tkjh fd;k%
       ^^fl)kUr ds :i esa ge Lohdkj djrs gSa fd f'k{kk ds ekè;e ls i;kZoj.k ds ckjs esa tkx:drk vkSj çnw"k.k ls lEcfUèkr bldh leL;kvksa ds ckjs esa vfuok;Z fo"k; ds :i esa vè;kiu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A egkU;k;oknh us U;k;ky; dks voxr djk;k fd dsUæ ljdkj mPp f'k{kk ls lEcfUèkr gS vr% fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx Lukrd rFkk LukrdksÙkj vè;;uksa rd gh bls ykxw dj ldrh gSA 'ks"k jkT; dk fo"k; gSA mUgksaus lgefr O;ä dh gS fd fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx U;k;ky; ds dgus ds vuqlkj Rofjr :i esa leqfpr dne mBkdj fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa i;kZoj.k ij ikB~;Øe fofgr djsxkA os dkyst Lrj ij bls vfuok;Z fo"k; cukus dh lEHkkouk ij fopkj djsaxsA tgk¡ rd d‚yst Lrj dh f'k{kk dk ç'u gS ge jkT; ljdkj rFkk f'k{kk cksM+ksa ls vis{kk djsaxs fd os eSfVªdqys'ku rFkk b.VjehfM;V Lrj ij Js.khc) rjhds ls i;kZoj.k dks vfuok;Z f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk djsaA ,slk bl rjg gksuk pkfg, fd nwljs l= ls bl vis{kk dk vuqikyu lqfuf'pr gksA**
       ijUrq ,eå lhå esgrk cuke Hkkjr la?k ¼2004½2 ds okn esa fiVh'kuj us fofHkUu jkT;ksa vFkok vU; çkfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk mBk;s x;s dne i;kZIr ugha gS vkSj mPpre U;k;ky; ds vkns'k dks Hkkouk ,oa è;s; ls laxr ugha gSA mudk rdZ Fkk fd jkT; dsoy çkFkfed f'k{kk Lrj ij gh ugha cfYd mPp f'k{kk rFkk LukrdksÙkj Lrj ij vfuok;Z fo"k; ds :i esa i;kZoj.k tkx#drk ij ikB~;Øe cuk;sa mudk ;g lq>ko Fkk fd fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx] ,uålhåbZåvkj0Vhå vkSj ,åvkbZålhåVhåbZå tks mPp f'k{kk dh ekud dks fpfàr ,oa fu;fU=r djus okys fudk; gS] mUgsa funZsf'kr fd;k tk; fd os iwjs ns'k esa ,d:irk gsrq fofHkUu Lrjksa ij vè;kiu gsrq ikB~;Øe rS;kj djsaA mPpre U;k;ky; us de ls de o"kZ 2004&2005 ls vko';d :i ls ykxw djus ¼;fn igys ls ykxw u gks rks½ dk funZs'k fn;k rFkk çkfèkdkfj;ksa dks funsf'kr fd;k fd os ykxw djus dks fuxjkuh djsa rFkk vuqikyu djus okyh laLFkkvksa ds fo#) vuq'kklfud dk;Zokgh lqfuf'pr djsa mPpre U;k;ky; us ,uålhåbZåvkåVhå dks 18-12-2003 dks funZsf'kr fd;k fd og ekin.M ikB~;Øe rS;kj djsaA iqu% ,eålhå esgrk cuke Hkkjr la?k ¼2005½3 ds ekeys esa ,u0lhåbZå vkjåVhå }kjk jkT; ljdkj rFkk vU; çkfèkdkfj;ksa ls fopkj foe'kZ dj i;kZoj.k ij eki ikB~;Øe d{kk I ls XII rd ds Nk=ksa gsrq vè;;u ds fy, mPpre U;k;ky; ds le{k nk;j fd;kA mPpre U;k;ky; us bls Lohdkj fd;k rFkk jkT;ksa dks funZs'k fn;k fd 8 lIrkg ds vUrxZr ¼22&4&2014 ls½ ,uålhåbZåvkjåVhå dh fjiksVZ dks ykxw djsaA
     
       i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ,oa lqèkkj dks ç—fr ls U;k;ky;ksa dh Hkwfedk lhfer ,oa vafre gfFk;kj ds :i esa fxus pqus ekeyksa esa gS tks U;k;ky; rd igq¡p ikrs gSaA U;k;ky;ksa us vkSj fo'ks"kdj mPpre U;k;ky; us mipkj çfØ;k esa f'kfFkyrk cjr dj yksdfgr okn ds ekè;e ls mipkjkRed nk;js dk foLrkj djus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA blds vUrxZr fdlh yksdfgr Hkkouk ls çsfjr O;fä ds i= dks fjV fiVh'ku ekudj rFkk yksdfgr oknksa dks Lohdkj dj mPpre U;k;ky; us i;kZoj.kh; mipkj çnku djus dk ç;kl fd;k gS ijUrq dqN ekeyksa esa U;k;ky; us Lo;a eglwl fd;k gS fd yksdfgr oknksa dk nq#i;ksx gks ldrk gS vkSj yksdfgr ds uke ij dqN yksx O;fäxr fgr iwjk djus ds fy;s U;k;ky; dk njoktk [kV[kVk ldrs gSaA lqHkk"k dqekj cuke fcgkj jkT;4 ds ekeys esa ,d yksdfgr okn nk;j fd;k x;k fd VkVk vk;ju ,.M LVhy dEiuh ds ok'kjh ls mRlftZr xUnk ty cksdkjks unh esa NksM+k tk jgk Fkk ftlls ty ihus vkSj flapkbZ mís';ksa ds fy;s vuqi;qä gks x;k FkkA mPpre U;k;ky; us nLrkostksa ds vkèkkj ij ;g ik;k fd fiVh'kudrkZ Lo;a dEiuh ds ok'kfjt ls dhpM+ bR;kfn ,df=r djuk pkgrk Fkk blfy;s U;k;ky; us fiVh'ku dks [kkfjt dj fn;kA U;k;ky; us Li"V fd;k fd Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 32 ds vUrxZr vuqPNsn 21 esa fn;s x;s ewy vfèkdkj dk çorZu okLrfod :i esa lkekftd fgr esa fnypLih j[kus okys yksxksa }kjk çofrZr djk;k tk ldrk gSA ;|fi fd vuqPNsn 21 esa çnw"k.kghu LoPN ty vkSj ok;q dk vfèkdkj lfEefyr gS fQj Hkh yksdfgr okndkfjrk ,sls yksxksa }kjk ugha yk;h tk ldrh tks O;fäxr fgr larq"V djuk pkgrs gS ;k O;fäxr bZ";kZ ;k nq'euh ls çsfjr gSaA ;gk¡ ij ;g Li"V djuk vko';d gS fd fdlh O;fä ds O;fäxr fgr ds dkj.k çnw"k.kdkjh xfrfofèk;k¡ vçnw"k.kdkjh ugha gks tk;saxh vkSj u gh muls gksus okyh i;kZoj.kh; gkfu ls dksbZ deh gksxhA yksdfgr okn oSls gh cgqr de nk;j gksrs gSaA U;k;ky; dks lkoZtfud fgr dks ns[krs gq, ,sls ekeyksa esa Hkh vuqrks"k çnku djuk pkfg,A
       ,d rks mPpre U;k;ky; esa yksdfgr okn lkekU; yksxksa dh igq¡p ds ckgj gS vkSj nwljh rjQ tks fu.kZ; gksrs gSa mudk çHkko cgqr lhfer gksrk gSA blfy, i;kZoj.kh; ekeyksa esa mipkj çnku djus dh lgh çfØ;k i;kZoj.kh; U;k;ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk gks ldrh gSA mPpre U;k;ky; us bls è;ku esa j[kdj i;kZoj.kh; U;k;ky; LFkkfir djus dh flQkfj'k fnYyh xSl fjlko ds ekeys5 esa dh FkhA 1989 esa miHkksäk laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1986 dks rjg i;kZoj.k U;k;ky; foèks;d ykus dk ç;kl fd;k x;k ftlds vUrxZr jk"Vªh; i;kZoj.k U;k;ky; vkSj çR;sd jkT; rFkk la?k 'kkflr {ks= ds fy;s i;kZoj.k U;k;ky; dh LFkkiuk dh ;kstuk Fkh ijUrq ;g ;kstuk NksM+ nks x;h vkSj 1992 esa jk"Vªh; i;kZoj.k vfèkdj.k ds vk'k; dk fcy yk;k x;k tks ifjladVe; inkFkksZa okyh xfrfofèk;ksa ls mRiUu ekeyksa esa {kfr gsrq çfrdj dk micUèk djrk gSA bldk {ks= cgqr lhfer gS vkSj ;g dbZ vkèkkjksa ij vkifÙk ;ksX; ekuk x;k gSA bl rjg jk"Vªh; i;kZoj.k vfèkdj.k vfèkfu;e] 1995 i;kZoj.k U;k;ky; vfèkfu;e dk fodYi ugha cu ldk gSA
       mPp U;k;ky; ;k mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk tks fu.kZ; fn;s tkrs gSa mudk çHkko fujksèkkRed ugha gks ikrk gSA mPpre U;k;ky; ds Li"V fu.kZ;ksa ds ckotwn uxjikfydkvksa }kjk leqfpr lQkbZ lqfuf'pr ugha dh tk jgh gS blh rjg èofu çnw"k.k ij Li"V funZs'k ds ckotwn fuèkkZfjr èofu lhek ls dkQh Å¡ph vkokt ij ykmMLihdjksa vkSj ok|ksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA 'kk;n ;gh dkj.k gS fd mPpre U;k;ky; us dfri; ekeyksa esa tutkx`fr dks vko';drk dks eglwl fd;k gSA fo'o Lrj ij Hkh ;g Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS fd i;kZoj.k çnw"k.k dh leL;k,¡ oSf'od cu x;h gSaA mudk fujkdj.k lHkh ns'kksa vkSj xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa rFkk lekt ds lHkh oxksZa ds lg;ksx ls gh laHko gks ldrk gSA mPpre U;k;ky; us Hkh ,eå lhå esgrk cuke Hkkjr la?k ¼fnYyh i;kZoj.k ekeyk½6 esa Li"V fd;k fd ty vkSj ok;q çnw"k.k fu;a=.k ds lEcUèk esa fofèk;ksa dk fuekZ.k djuk i;kZIr ugha gSA tc rd lekt esa yksxksa }kjk Lohdkj djus dk rRo ugha iuirk dksbZ fofèk çHkkodkjh
       dfri; uhfrxr ekeyksa esa U;k;ky;ksa dk fu.kZ; loZekU; ugha gks ikrk gS D;ksafd fodkl dks –f"V ls cM+h ;kstukvksa vkSj mlls çHkkfor yksxksa ds ewy vfèkdkj ds chp leqfpr lkeatL; ugha gks ik;k gSA ljnkj ljksoj ifj;kstuk ds yEcs vofèk rd ueZnk cpkvks vkUnksyu7 ds dkj.k jksds jgus ds ckn mPpre U;k;ky; ds rhu esa ls nks U;k;kèkh'kksa }kjk ljnkj ljksoj ckaèk dh Å¡pkbZ 90 ehVj rd ys tkus dh vuqefr ls fookn mRiUu gks x;k gS vkSj ueZnk cpkvks vkUnksyu ls lEc) yksxksa dk ;g rdZ gS fd mPpre U;k;ky; ds bl vkns'k ls çHkkfor vkfnoklh tula[;k ds ewy vfèkdkj dk mYya?ku gqvk gSA 85 ehVj ckaèk dh Å¡pkbZ j[kus ls çHkkfor ifjokjksa ds iquokZl gsrq lQy ç;kl ugha gks ldk gS vkSj U;k;ky;ksa us çfrdj lEcUèkh nkoksa ds ckjs esa dksbZ è;ku ugha fn;k x;kA pkj pj.kksa esa ckaèk dh Å¡pkbZ 90 ehVj] 100 ehVj] 110 ehVj rFkk 13868 ehVj ys tkus dh gS tks Øe'k% twu 2000] twu 2003] twu 2004 rFkk twu 2005 esa fØ;kfUor gksxhA blh rjg dk tfVy ekeyk mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk fnYyh 'kgj ls m|ksxksa dks ckgj ys tkus ds ckjs esa 4 lky igys fn;s x;s vkns'k dks ykxw djus ls mRiUu gqvk gSA voekuuk dk;Zokgh esa U;k;ky; m|ksxksa dks ckgj Hkstus ij n`<+ ladfYir gS ogk¡ lEcfUèkr m|ksxksa dh rjQ ls mez vkUnksyu fd;s tk jgs gSaA uoEcj 2000 ds r`rh; lIrkg dh ?kVuk;sa Lo;a leL;k dk mn~?kkVu djrh gSaA dsUæ vkSj jkT; ljdkj dh rjQ ls ekLVj Iyku la'kksfèkr djus dk çLrko gS rFkk jkT; ljdkj U;k;ky; ls lEcfUèkr m|ksxksa dks gVkus ds fy, 2002 rd dk le; ekax jgh gSA blesa lcls fofp= ckr ;g gS fd 1996 esa mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk m|ksxksa dks fnYyh ls ckgj ys tkdj u;s LFkku ij LFkkfir djus ds vkns'k ds ckn 1700 m|ksx LFkkfir fd;s x;s gSaA ;g ç'kkldh; i;kZoj.kh; mis{kk dk Li"V –"VkUr gSA
milagkj
       vUrr% mijksDr ds voyksdu ls ;g Li"V gS fd fofHkUu i;kZoj.kh; fofèk;ksa lE;d~ çorZu çfØ;k ds vHkko rFkk çkfèkdkfj;ksa dks mis{kk ds dkj.k visf{kr mís'; iwjk djus esa vlQy jgh gSaA U;k;ky; fn'kk funZs'k ns ldrk gS ysfdu og ç'kkldh; çkfèkdkfj;ksa dk fodYi ugha gks ldrk gSA blfy, ;g vko';d gSS fd i;kZoj.k çHkko vkdyu lEcUèkh lwpukvksa dks vR;fèkd :i ls çlkfjr fd;k tk;] xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa dks vkSj T;knk lfØ; cuk;k tk; rFkk tulkèkkj.k dks i;kZoj.k çnw"k.k ls mRiUu [krjksa ds ckjs esa f'kf{kr dj ltx cuk;k tk; ftlls os i;kZoj.kh; leL;k ds lekèkku gsrq pqus gq, fudk;ksa vkSj çkfèkdkfj;ksa ij ncko cuk ldsaA
lanHkZ lwph
1-     lqådkså dslst 358 esa iSjk 6 i`0 361
2-     lqådkså dslst 571
3-     lq0dks0 dslst 217
4-     ,0vkbZ0vkj0 1991] lq0dks0 420
5-     ,0vkbZ0vkj0 1980] lq0dks0 1633
6-     ,0vkbZ0vkj0 1994 lq0dks0 382
7-     ¼1985½ 5 lq0dks0 dslst 586
 
         

Article Information

Judiciary Approach To Environmental Protection (BY - Archana Tiwari)

Authors: Archana Tiwari

  • Journal IJLRA
  • ISSN 2582-6433
  • Published 2023/01/03
  • Volume 2
  • Issue 7
Citation Download Paper Full Details Search on Google Search on Google Scholar

About Journal

International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis

  • Abbreviation IJLRA
  • ISSN 2582-6433
  • Access Open Access
  • License CC 4.0

All research articles published in International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis are open access and available to read, download and share, subject to proper citation of the original work.

Creative Commons

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis.

Current Issue

Ethics and Policy

For Authors