IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ONE NATION ONE RATION SCHEME IN CHENNAI

A.P.AKSHY KHUMAR; MR.SUBIN ABRAHAM

Published Paper

Article Details

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ONE NATION ONE RATION SCHEME IN CHENNAI

AUTHORED BY - A.P.AKSHY KHUMAR^{^[1]} & MR.SUBIN ABRAHAM^{^[2]},

Abstract:

Under the National Food Security Act, the Department is implementing the ONORC plan for the nationwide mobility of ration cards (NFSA). The objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the One Nation One Nation Scheme. The method of analysis used in this case is empirical. The convenience sampling approach is used to obtain a total of 203 samples. Respondents from in and around Chennai are included in the sample frame. Age, gender, legal status and academic degree are the dependent factors. The independent variables are whether The scheme preserves peoples right to food, whether the scheme enables any eligible person to avail ration from any PDS shops across the nation, objective of the scheme, how far this scheme is benefiting people and how far do you agree that poverty can be eradicated by this scheme.The applied mathematical tool used here is graphical illustration such as pie-charts, bar graphs and tabular columns. Study based on this scheme of the government brought out the fact that people are very much aware of the this scheme further the study reveals that the problem of social discrimination and poverty can also be eradicated by the implementation of this scheme.

Keywords:

One Nation One Ration Card, Hunger, Digitalization, Public Distribution System and Smart Card

Introduction:

In 2019, the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution launched a trial plan called One Nation One Ration Card Scheme in four states. On January 1, 2020, 12 new states were added. According to the Central Government, around 86 percent of NFSA recipients were brought under the One Nation One Ration Card programme. Under the National Food Security Act, the Department is implementing the ONORC plan for the nationwide mobility of ration cards (NFSA). All qualified ration card holders/beneficiaries covered by the NFSA can access their entitlements from anywhere in the nation using this method. The Government of India developed a plan to computerize ration shops and digitize the database of all beneficiaries and goods in order to improve efficiency and transparency in public distribution supplies. The method was used to reduce supply leakage and misuse. To sustain the reforms brought in by scheme on ‘End to End Computerization of Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) Operations’ the Department of Food & Public Distribution has launched a new scheme namely “Integrated Management of Public Distribution System (IM-PDS)” for implementation during 2018-19 and 2019-20. The main objective of the scheme is to introduce nation-wide portability of ration card holders under National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA), to lift their entitlement foodgrains from any FPS in the country without the need to obtain a new ration card, by integrating the existing PDS systems/portals of States/UTs with the Central systems/portals, etc. Keeping in view the physical progress under ongoing scheme and readiness for implementation of National Portability in few States, it has been decided to implement inter-State/National Portability on a pilot basis in few States shortly. Further, as and when any State/UT achieve the readiness it will be added on the National Portability platform, i.e. Public Distribution System Network (PDSN) to provide the benefit of national/inter-State portability to all ration card holders under NFSA. Presently NFSA provides the coverage for about 81.34 Crore persons across the country. State-wise statement showing coverage under NFSA is annexed. This information was given in a written reply by the Minister of State for Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution, Shri Danve Raosaheb Dadarao in the Rajya Sabha today. The core Digitalization enabled key initiators are Aadhaar-enabled beneficiary, Aadhaar-enabled Direct Benefit Transfer, Aadhaar-enabled eligibility check, and e-Ration Card Services. The entire process of public distribution system and its digitalization is in place to ensure that no one goes hungry in India; however, there are millions of migrant workers and migrant population who move within state or other states to earn. These migrants are left behind, as ration cards are all linked to their hometown or place where they previously lived. According to the 2011 Census, over 14 million migrants in India encounter a significant barrier in obtaining a ration card each time they relocate. Corruption — Millions of ration store personnel take payments to release products in the black market for sale in private marketplaces. Many impoverished cardholders are sent home empty-handed during this run. Illegal smuggling of products — Many examples have been documented in which Ration store employees transfer subsidized food supplies and gasoline to the black market. Illegal Issuance of Ration Cards - Millions of ration cards are bogus. In 2013, over 30 lakhs of bogus ration cards were revealed; nonetheless, millions of eligible poor families do not have a ration card. Aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the One Nation One Nation Scheme.

Objectives

The objectives of this study are to create transparency in the public distribution system, To analyze the effectiveness of the scheme one nation one ration and to determine the awareness of the public about the scheme one nation one ration.

Literature review:

(Rambo, 2020) One Nation One Ration is a large-scale effort established by the Food Ministry of the Government of India to facilitate inter-state Ration Card Portability. This Scheme offers recipients relief by allowing them and their family members to obtain food grains from any Ration Shop in the country. This is the most recent scheme introduced by the government during the COVID19 Pandemic. This paper provides an investigation into the scheme's operation, progress, and implementation, as well as its practical challenges. This Paper also includes an analytical evaluation of the Scheme's key segments in development.

The one nation, one ration card plan was started in 2019 with the goal of providing migrant workers and their families with food security. The review will look at the scheme's development over two consecutive fiscal years, 2019-20 and 2021-21. Secondary data is used in this work. Secondary data were gathered from the Indian Government's Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, and the site for integrated management of the public distribution system (IM-PDS). The results of the two sample t-tests show that the one nation, one ration card plan is making great success. (Lim, 2019)

This database contains important information such as Aadhar details, assigned products, bank account information, and ration card type. The needed money for grains purchased will be debited from the associated bank account after providing the OTP. The proposed approach would aid in reducing challenges such as rationing material shortages caused by ration store owners, staff, and dealers smuggling items for profit. This method will be clear and will assist clients by providing a seamless and automated purchase rationing experience. This proposed system will be the solution to One Ratio One Nation. (Jouet, 2017)

Ration stores allow households in many poor nations to purchase restricted amounts of items at a predetermined subsidized price. The purpose of this article is to determine if the features of developing nations explain why governments employ such systems. He discovered an equity-efficiency trade-off: an efficient government will never utilize ration shops, but a welfare-maximizing government may redistribute and give insurance. Ration stores' welfare gains will be greatest for necessities and commodities with a high price risk. I calibrated the model for India and discovered that three of the four items supplied through the system are improving. (Ganapathi, 2019)

All qualified persons with ration cards can buy supplies from the ration shop. However, there are some drawbacks to the current system. The first is that the weight of the material may be inaccurate due to human error, and the second is that if the material is not purchased by the customer by the end of the month, the shopkeeper will misuse it and sell it to others or in the market without the knowledge of the government or the customer. The suggested smart ration card system with RFID solves the disadvantages by employing RFID, or Radio Frequency Identification, as a ration card. (Shree et al, 2020)

In our project, we replaced human labor in distribution centers with smart measuring automated electronic devices that use an Arduino microcontroller to accurately measure things and update the database on commodity availability and information on digitized transactions. A central database is developed to get access to the information and data on the stock, which can be examined by both regular consumers in that particular location and government mainstream invigilators for distribution facilities from their headquarters. As a consequence, this project delivers a ration center operating system that is free of corruption, which will promote direct consumer connection with the government and, without a doubt, provide transparency. (Grover, 2021)

In this research, we present a system that replaces hand-operated chores in a ration dispersed system with an automated system that requires just a simple installation at all FPS. Ration cards are replaced with smart cards in the proposed scheme. The RFID tag has a unique ID that is assigned to each BPL bearer. We employ RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Smart Cards and Biometrics for authentication (R303A). To keep the government involved in the process, we propose linking the system installed at FPS to the government-supervised centralized database, creating direct contact between beneficiary and government. (Chakraborty, 2000)

The Rationing distribution system, commonly known as the public distribution system, provides food to the poor. Rice, wheat, sugar, and kerosene are among the most important commodities. Instead of present ration cards, this method will use QR codes. Users' databases, which are given by the government, are saved. The client must scan the Smart Card to see the specifics of things given by the government, and it then compares consumer information to stored data to distribute supplies at the ration shop. Fingerprint scanning will be performed for security and authentication purposes. (Phadera, Sharma and Wai-Poi 2020)

The Public Distribution System is an integral component of life for the society's underprivileged citizens. People classified as BPL use ration cards to obtain subsidized food and gasoline from the government (Below Poverty Line). As we witness individuals struggling to meet their fundamental necessities on a daily basis, these needs are not being met correctly for the non-creamy layered folks. These commodities are unlawfully marketed by authorities, which is not appreciated by the populace. This suggested approach would ensure that the ordinary people's fundamental requirements are met without any errors in the provision of commodities. As a result, the entire distribution system is made smarter and more secure, while also removing the challenges associated with the conventional rationing method. (Ishani, 2022)

In this study, we suggest a smart ration card that employs radio frequency identification (RFID), biometrics, and an SMS gateway to avoid ration counterfeiting. In this approach, an RFID tag containing family member information is utilized, and the consumer must display this tag at the ration store. The user must additionally leave a thumb impression on the biometric machine. If the user is verified, the amount of rations to be supplied to the customer based on the total number of family members will be presented on the LCD display. Because information about the provided ration is communicated directly to the government and the client through SMS gateway, this smart ration card is free of theft and forgery. (Sekaran et al. 2012)

Ration cards are important for household details such as getting a gas connection, family member details, acting as address evidence, and so on. In this work, we propose a smart ration card system based on the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technique and the Internet of Things (IoT) to avoid malpractices and corruption in the present ration distribution system. Ration cards will be replaced with a unique RFID tag under this system. This RFID tag will be validated at the fair pricing shop for user verification.A microcontroller coupled to an Amazon Web Services (AWS) database will authenticate the user. For further security, an OTP is delivered to the user's registered mobile number, which must be typed into the system. (Chhabra, 2019)

The nuances of exchanges are recorded in a database. Clients must access their records via the Smart phone by inputting their ID and secret word. They may view the stock accessibility once they have successfully logged in. This framework makes use of the Raspberry Pi as a controller and is powered by a Minutiae extraction-based unique mark coordination computation that works effectively with higher accuracy scores. The automated distribution of goods is performed by employing DC engines that are simply controlled by the Raspberry Pi to open and close the valves. Initially, one of the relatives had to input a unique login and secret phrase.When a customer signs in, he or she may view the things that are available for that particular family account. The customer is expected to supply a unique mark to the following dimension of verification in order to administer the things. When a customer is approved, the framework administers a cutting-edge amount of goods for the unique household. Following allocation, the customer is requested to sign out or see the administered goods. (Narayan, 2021)

The Public Distribution System is a government-sponsored chain of stores tasked with supplying essential food and non-food goods to the most vulnerable members of society at extremely low costs. It is also a crucial component of the poverty eradication plan, serving as a safety net for the poor, who number more than 33 million and are nutritionally vulnerable. (Dutta, 2019)

This document contains information regarding smart ration card systems that use sensors, RFID, biometrics, and SMS gateways. This smart ration card technology is used to prevent ration card counterfeiting. In this case, the RFID card will store information about family members. The biometric authentication will be delivered to the user, and he will be able to take the ration as needed. Following that, the customer will receive information by SMS gateway on their cell phone. (Thomas and Chittedi 2021)

The Government of India issues a ration card to each Indian family, and each family is entitled to receive food grains in accordance with the terms of the card. The allotment for food grains is determined by their household income each month. Because many households do not claim their ration quota, the merchant sells the food grain at a higher price in the open market. So, to address this, we are introducing a biometric authentication system with fingerprint biometrics for ration card users. The card also stores biometric information for all members of the family. We provide speech recognition for illiterate individuals to avoid corruption, and we also send out SMS alerts when rations are available at ration shops. (Gowd, 2020)

This study suggests employing smart cards based on Aadhar card technology to automate ration distribution. We are employing a prototype model based on an ATM machine in this system. We can establish a secure and interactive method to ration distribution automation with this technology. Name, contact number, address, bank account details, biometric information, and demographic data are all included on the Aadhar card. Customer information is held in a central database provided by the government. We replace the traditional ration card with a smart card (RFID-based) in the automated system, which holds a unique Aadhar identification number of all family members, card holder type APL or BPL, and is used for user authentication to buy their ration. (Radharkrishna and Subbarao, 1997)

This work provides a three-phase linearized distribution class state estimation approach for use in smart distribution systems. Unbalanced three-phase and single-phase scenarios are supported. The estimator uses a complicated variable formulation and is designed to include synchronized phasor observations into distribution state estimation. Potential applications in the control and administration of smart distribution systems are considered. (Mishra, 1985)

To avoid ration counterfeiting, an online smart ration card system with multi factor authentication mechanisms is presented in this work. To prevent ration fraud, several features such as biometric (fingerprint method), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), color code sequences, and SMS messaging are utilized. In this framework, an RFID tag that transmits related points of interest is used, and the customer must display this tag at the ration store or at his/her location before receiving the ration. The user must leave a thumb impression on the biometric equipment to determine whether or not the user is legitimate. Furthermore, before placing an order, the user must supply color code sequence choices as specified during registration. As a result, the user's validity is validated using several factors, boosting the overall system security. In addition to the typical strategy of visiting and then collecting the ration, an innovative approach has been developed here in which the registered user can demand the ration online and have it delivered to their selected location (Eg: Home address). In this article, we provide a brief overview of the Ration Distribution system, which employs smart cards to improve the system's usability and security. (Bhandari, 2002)

Many immoral acts are now taking place in ration stores, which are designed to deliver foodstuffs to individuals living below the poverty line, because the distribution procedure is manual and takes a long time. RFID technology can be used to solve this problem. RFID tags are introduced in this report, and RFID cards are used instead of ration cards, which contain all of the card holder's information such as family data, card type and validity, and so on. In this study, we will cover several types of automatic ration distribution systems that have been used for automatic ration distribution. (Mann, 1976)

In this study, we suggest a smart apportion card that uses a radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, biometrics, and an SMS input method to prevent apportion fraud. In this framework, an RFID tag that provides relative points of interest is used, and the client is required to show this tag at the proportion store. The customer will also be required to make a thumb impression on the biometric equipment. If the customer is found to be genuine, the amount of percentage to be granted to the client based on the total number of family members will be displayed on the LCD display. Because the facts about the communicated proportion will be supplied precisely to the administration and client via SMS gateway, this spectacular proportion card is free from burglary and imitation. In this section, we provide a brief overview of the Ration distributed system using Smart Cards. (Perrotti et al. 2022)

Hypothesis:

Null hypothesis:

There is no significant relationship between the gender of the respondents and the One Nation One Ration scheme preserves people's Right to food.

Alternate hypothesis:

There is a significant relationship between the gender of the respondents and the One Nation One Ration scheme preserves people's Right to food.

Methodology:

The method of analysis used in this case is empirical. The convenience sampling approach is used to obtain a total of 203 samples. Respondents from in and around Chennai are included in the sample frame. The primary information is gathered using Google forms, while the secondary information is gathered using publications and journals. Age, gender, legal status, occupation and academic degree are the freelancing factors. The dependent variables are whether The scheme preserves peoples right to food, whether the scheme enables any eligible person to avail ration from any PDS shops across the nation, objective of the scheme, how far this scheme is benefiting people and how far do you agree that poverty can be eradicated by this scheme.The applied mathematical tool used here is graphical illustration such as pie-charts, bar graphs and tabular columns.

Analysis:

Figure 1: Age of respondents

Legend:

Figure 1 represents the age distribution of the respondents.

Figure 2: Gender of respondents

Legend:

Figure 2 represents the gender of the respondent.

Figure 3: Educational qualification of the respondents

Legend:

Figure 3 represents the educational qualification of the respondents.

Figure 4: Marital status of the respondents

Legend:

Figure 4 represents the marital status of the respondents.

Figure 5: Gender and opinion on one nation one ration scheme preserves people’s right to food

Legend:

Figure 5 represents the gender distribution of the respondents and their response towards the question whether the scheme One Nation One Ration preserves the people’s right to food.

Figure 6: Age and opinion on one reason one nation preserves People’s right to food

Legend:

Figure 6 represents the age distribution of the respondents and their response towards the question whether the scheme One Nation One Ration preserves the people’s right to food.

Figure 7: Marital status and opinion on one nation one region enables any eligible person to get ration from any PDS shop across the nation.

Legend:

Figure 7 represents the marital status of the respondents and their response towards the question the scheme One Nation One Ration enables any eligible person to get avail ration from any PDS shop across the Nation.

Figure 8: Educational qualification and opinion on One nation one ration enables any eligible person to get ration from any PDS ash across the nation.

Legend:

Figure 8 represents the educational qualification of the respondents and their response towards the question whether the scheme One Nation One Ration enables any eligible person to get avail ration from any PDS shop across the Nation.

Figure 9: Educational qualification and opinion on objectives of one nation one decoration

Legend:

Figure 9, represents the Educational qualification of the respondents and their awareness on objectives of the scheme One Nation One Ration.

Figure 10: Marital status and opinion objectives of one nation one ration

Legend:

Figure 10 represents the marital status of the respondents and their awareness on objectives of the scheme One Nation One Ration.

Figure 11: Gender and opinion on scale that the scheme has benefited you

Legend:

Figure 11 represents the gender distribution of the respondents and their response to the question how far they think that the scheme One Nation One Ration has benefited them.

Figure 12: Gender and opinion on scale that this scheme will eradicate the problem of poverty

Legend:

Figure 12 represents the gender distribution of the respondents and their response to the question how far they think that the scheme One Nation One Ration can eradicate the problem of poverty.

Chi square test:

Table 1:

Case Processing Summary
	Cases
	Valid		Missing		Total
	N	Percent	N	Percent	N	Percent
*Gender One Nation One Ration scheme preserves people's Right to food**	200	98.5%	3	1.5%	203	100.0%

Table 2:

Chi-Square Tests
	Value	df	Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square	5.129^a	2	.077
Likelihood Ratio	5.262	2	.072
Linear-by-Linear Association	3.855	1	.050
N of Valid Cases	200
a. 2 cells (33.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.16.

Result:

13.8% the respondents belong to the age group of 18 year and below, 41.9% % the respondents belong to the age group of 19-31 years, 35% the respondents belong to the age group 31-40 years and the remaining 9.3% the respondents belong to the age group of above 40 years. (figure-1) 35% the respondents are male, 61.1% of the respondents are females and the remaining 3.9% of the respondents are transgenders. (figure-2) 12.8% of the respondents have completed their higher secondary, 41.9% of the respondents have completed their undergraduate, 32.5% of the respondents have completed their Post graduate, 10.8% respondents have completed their PhDs while the remaining 2% of the respondents have no formal education. (figure-3) 57.1% of the respondents are single while the remaining 42.9% of the respondents are married. (figure-4) It can be observed that 26% of male, 36% of females and 2% of transgenders have disagreed that this scheme preserves people’s right to food.(figure-5) It could be understood that 9.5% of the respondents belonging to the age group of below 18 years, 30% of the respondents belonging to the age group of 19-30 years and 20.5% of the respondents belonging to the age group of 31-40 years have all disagreed to the that One Nation One Ration preserves people’s right to food. (figure-6) It can be inferred that 22.61% of the single respondents and 15.58% married respondents are the highest to agree that the scheme One Nation One Ration enables any eligible person to avail ration from any PDS shop across the Nation. (figure-7) It can be inferred that, 6% of the respondents who are doing their higher studies, 18% of the respondents pursuing their undergraduate, 9.55% of the respondents doing their Post graduate and 3.52% of the respondents doing Phds are the highest to agree that the scheme One Nation One Ration enables any eligible person to get avail ration from any PDS shop across the Nation. (figure-8) It can be witnessed that 15.35% of the respondents who are pursuing their undergraduate and 11.39% of the respondents who are doing their Post graduate have stated that one of the objectives of this is to reduce social dicrimination. (figure-9) It can be understood that 21.29% of the single respondents and 14.36% of the respondents are the highest to state that one of the objectives of this is to reduce social dicrimination. (figure-10) It can be witnessed that 14.43% of the male respondents and 16.42% of the female respondents have rated the highest as their benefit availed from the scheme One Nation One Ration has benefited them. (figure-11) It can be seen that 9.95% of the male respondents and 20.4% of the female respondents have rated 4 on the scale that this scheme will eradicate the problem of poverty. (figure-12)

Discussion:

It can be observed that most of the males, most of females and few of the transgenders have disagreed that this scheme preserves people’s right to food, this might be because these respondents might think that making pds supply as one will affect the indigent needs of a state as the goods needed for one state differs for another. (figure 5) It could be understood that most of the respondents belonging to the age group of below 18 years, most of the respondents belonging to the age group of 19-30 years and most of the respondents belonging to the age group of 31-40 years have all disagreed to the that One Nation One Ration preserves people’s right to food, this might be because these respondents might think that making pds supply as one will affect the indigent needs of a state as the good needed for one state differs for another. (figure-6) It can be inferred that both single respondents and married respondents have highly agreed that the scheme One Nation One Ration enables any eligible person to get avail ration from any PDS shop across the Nation. This might be because these respondents might have known from hearsay or might have directly seen immigrants from other states collecting rations from PDSs. (figure-7) It can be inferred that, respondents who are doing their higher studies, the respondents pursuing their undergraduate, the respondents doing their Post graduate and the respondents doing Phds have all agreed that the scheme One Nation One Ration enables any eligible person to get avail ration from any PDS shop across the Nation. This might be because the whole agenda of the scheme is to promote ration cards which enable the any person to avail ration across any PDS shops across the nation, as a result people might be aware of this scheme's objective. (figure 8) It can be witnessed that the respondents who are pursuing their undergraduate and the respondents who are doing their Post graduate are the highest to state that one of the objectives of this is to reduce social dicrimination. This might be because the respondents might think that providing PDS access even to other state or district people will enable people to get along with other states and might also adapt to their indigent food practices. (figure-9)

It can be understood that both single respondents and the respondents highy state that one of the objectives of this scheme is to reduce social dicrimination. This might be because the respondents might think that providing PDS access even to other state or district people will enable people to get along with other states and might also adapt to their indigent food practices. (figure-10) It can be witnessed both that the male respondents and the female respondents have been highly rated 5 as their benefit availed from the scheme One Nation One Ration has benefited them. This might be because there are large scale users for the old or classic ration shops, which in return eradicates economic burden further this scheme additionally benefits them from getting access to food from any PDS shops across the nation. (figure 11) It can be seen that 9, both the male respondents and the female respondents have rated 4 on the scale that this scheme will eradicate the problem of poverty. This might be because since India is one amongst developing countries and there are a notable amount of people who are below poverty line, the major source of food to those people are ration shops only. As a result the respondents would have thought that the scheme One Ration One Nation will eradicate the problem of poverty. (figure-12)

Limitation:

Since the study was carried out within the urban limits it was difficult and hard to understand the mentality and the difficulties faced by civilians of rural and semi-urban areas. Also lack of accessing previous studies on the same idea was a disadvantage.

Conclusion:

Under the National Food Security Act, the Department is implementing the ONORC plan for the nationwide mobility of ration cards (NFSA). All qualified ration card holders/beneficiaries covered by the NFSA can access their entitlements from anywhere in the nation using this method. In 2019, the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution launched a trial plan called One Nation One Ration Card Scheme in four states. On January 1, 2020, 12 new states were added. According to the Central Government, around 86 percent of NFSA recipients were brought under the One Nation One Ration Card programme. Corruption, illicit smuggling of foodstuffs, and unlawful insurance of ration cards are the key issues confronting the entire public distribution system. Study based on this scheme of the government brought out the fact that people are very much aware of the this scheme further the study reveals that the problem of social discrimination and poverty can also be eradicated by the implementation of this scheme. Since this scheme wholly breaks the barrier that only the people belonging to the state where the PDS is located can only avail rations, this paves way to immigrants and other common man who are shifting from different states for their livelihood can now seamlessly avail all kinds of future from any PDSs across the country. This inreturn will help the state as well the center to eradicate the problem of poverty. This being said the scheme also has some demerits such as the people from different states can only avail indigent foods which may lead to improper nutrient styles, also on the other corruption, smuggling and unlawful insurance of food must be stopped. The major way to stop corruption is to create live transparency regarding stocks which will help in reducing and diminishing corruption and illegal smuggling of rations.

Reference:

^{^[1]} A.P. Akshy khumar,5th year, B.com, LLB.,(HONS) 131904003,SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW,SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCE , SAVEETHA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI - 600007 ,EMAIL ID: akshykhumar629@gmail.com Contact no.: 6383585342

^{^[2]} Mr.Subin Abraham, BA., LL.B ( HONS), LL.M,Assistant professor,Saveetha school of law,Saveetha institute of medical and technical science (SIMATS),Chennai,Contact no: 87788 69845Email id: subinkaranikulam98@gmail.com

Article Information

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ONE NATION ONE RATION SCHEME IN CHENNAI

Authors: A.P.AKSHY KHUMAR, MR.SUBIN ABRAHAM

Journal IJLRA
ISSN 2582-6433
Published 2024/12/25
Issue 7

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IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ONE NATION ONE RATION SCHEME IN CHENNAI

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Article Details

Keywords:

Objectives

The objectives of this study are to create transparency in the public distribution system, To analyze the effectiveness of the scheme one nation one ration and to determine the awareness of the public about the scheme one nation one ration.

Hypothesis:

Methodology:

Article Information

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ONE NATION ONE RATION SCHEME IN CHENNAI

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