Open Access Research Article
CYBERCRIME AND CYBERSECURITY AS CHALLENGES BY: SHALINI PRIYA
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Article Details
CYBERCRIME
AND CYBERSECURITY
AS
CHALLENGES
AUTHORED BY:
SHALINI PRIYA
BBA LLB 3rd
year
New Law
College, Pune
BHARATI
VIDYAPEETH
(DEEMED to
be) UNIVERSITY, PUNE
NEW LAW
COLLEGE, PUNE
1.
Abstract:
In today’s time world is
being more interconnected, and networks are being used to conduct vital
transactions, therefore security is a broad topic that is becoming more significant.
Cybersecurity plays an important role in the field of information technology as
one of the largest problems is keeping information secure. In the digital age,
cybercrime has become a global risk that is constantly changing, causing
serious difficulties for people, companies, and governments. A major part of
cybercrime is linked to cybersecurity, which is a tool used by cybercriminals
to carry out a variety of illicit acts. This paper focuses on nature of
cybercrime its challenges and difficulties that modern technology faces and the
development in cyber security and crime committed in cybersecurity
Keywords: cyber security, cybercrime, social media, android apps
2.
INTRODUCTION
Cyber security is
protection of computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks,
and data from malicious attacks. It's referred to as electronic information
security or information technology security. It is used in a number of
applications, from business to mobile computing. Now a days people send and
receive data by various modes just by clicking a button and transfer their
information as there is rise in technology. But whether this information is sent
without any leakage? Cybersecurity is the answer to it as it protects the
systems and networks from cyberattacks. With the rise of technology and the
increasing dependence on internet there is increase in cybercrime and has become
a major challenge in today’s digital world as we are unable to safeguard our
private information. Cyber criminals are always coming up with new ways to get
past security measure and steal important data. As nowadays more than 60
percent of total transaction are done online and cyber criminals use different methods
range from ransomware attacks and data breaches to commit crime. So,
cybersecurity has become a latest issue.
Essential elements of a
successful cybersecurity plan include several levels of protection spread
across computers, networks, applications, or data that one wishes to keep safe.
Technology, processes, and personnel must all work together for a company to
successfully fight against cyberattacks. Automating interconnections across
several Cisco Security products using a single threat management system may
speed up critical security operations tasks including detection, investigation,
and remediation.
3.
CYBER CRIME
Cybercrime is any
criminal activity that is committed using digital devices or the internet it includes
hacking, identity theft, cyberstalking and phishing etc it’s an illegal
activity in which crime is committed by using computers to steel person’s
identity. cybercrime increases with the increase in technology. Cybercriminals
frequently take advantage of holes in computer systems or apply social
engineering techniques to obtain private information without authorization or
to manipulate people or organizations for financial gain or other nefarious
ends.The jurisdictional problem is one of the biggest obstacles to cybercrime
prosecution. Since cybercriminals can operate from any location in the world,
it is challenging for law enforcement to identify which national laws apply to
a given crime. This is especially important when the victim and the offender
live in separate nations, as this can complicate the judicial system and cause
delays in the investigation and prosecution of the case.
4. NATURE OF
CYBER CRIME
Cybercrime is something
which can be operated from anywhere it included a wide range of activities but
they are generally divided into two categories
1. Crime which includes different
threats like virus, bugs etc
2. This crime includes stalking,
financial fraud or identity theft.
These crimes are address
by different countries by different ways of investigation. it is a slow process
as it takes time to collect evidences and evaluation
5. CHALLENGES
UNDER CYBER CRIME
·
Less
number of cases is registered
In every country there is
problem of cyber crime and the rate of this crime is increasing day by day but
as per the crimes the cases are not registered as most of the people don’t know
what happens with them
·
The
challenge of digital evidence
The nature of digital
evidence presents another legal obstacle in the prosecution of cybercrime. It
can be challenging to establish guilt beyond a reasonable doubt when using
digital evidence since it is so quickly changed, removed, or concealed.
Furthermore, it can be difficult and time-consuming to analyse the vast amount
of digital evidence that is frequently used in cybercrime investigations.
·
No
harsh punishment
Cybercrime does not
always carry a severe penalty. However, there are situations where there is
severe punishment. For example, when someone conducts cyberterrorism, they face
severe penalty. However, in other situations, there isn't a severe penalty,
which encourages the individual doing the cybercrime.
·
Mostly
committed by well educated people
Because the perpetrator
of cybercrime is highly technical, so the person who commit knows how to carry
out the crime without being discovered by law enforcement.
·
The
challenge of jurisdiction
Another legal difficulty
in cybercrime prosecutions is jurisdiction. The ability of a court or other
legal body to hear a case and render a decision is referred to as jurisdiction.
Because cybercriminals can operate from anywhere in the world and their victims
may be spread across numerous jurisdictions, jurisdiction can become
complicated when it comes to cybercrime.
6. CLASSIFICATION
OF CYBER CRIME
·
INTERNET
FRAUD
Internet
fraud is a subset of fraud or deception that uses the Internet to trick victims
into parting with money or property. It may involve information concealment or
misinformation being provided. Internet fraud refers to a variety of unlawful
and illicit acts carried out in cyberspace rather than being regarded as a
single, distinct crime. However it if different from theft its an identity
theft
·
CYBER
WARFARE
Cyberwarfare is the use
of computers, online control systems, and networks in a combat zone or warfare
setting. It covers espionage, sabotage, and cyberattack threats, and it
involves both offensive and defensive activities. In cyberwarfare, a
nation-state usually launches cyberattacks against another; however, terrorist
groups or non-state actors may also launch cyberattacks in an attempt to
advance the objectives of an adversarial state. Although there have been
numerous reported cases of cyberwarfare in the past few years, there isn't a
formal, accepted definition of what qualifies as a cyberattack as an act of
war.
·
CYBER
TERRORISM
Cyber terrorism is the
use of computers and the internet to commit violent crimes that claim lives.
This could involve a variety of actions using hardware or software to endanger
the lives of citizens. Cyber terrorism is generally understood to be any act of
terrorism carried out via the use of computers or cyberspace. It is carried by
using computer servers and other devices and targets banking sectors, power
plants military, essential information’s
·
CYBER
EXTORTION
Cyber extortion is the
act of malevolent hackers repeatedly threatening to cause denial of service
attacks or other attacks against a website, email server, or computer system.
In exchange for promises to halt the attacks and provide protection, these hackers
demand enormous sums of money. There most common variants are ransomware and distributed
denial of service attacks.
·
CYBER
STALKING
This type of
cyberbullying involves bombarding the victim with emails and internet messages.
In this instance, the stalkers are familiar with their targets, therefore they
utilize the Internet to stalk rather than going door-to-door. To make the
victims' life even more unpleasant, they start offline stalking in addition to
cyberstalking if they see that the former is not having the desired result.
7. CASE LAWS
AND EVENTS
In the widely reported
case of United States v. Aaron Swartz[1], a well-known
computer programmer and Internet activist from the United States was charged
with breaking into the computer network of Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) and downloading millions of scholarly journal articles. After
being detained in 2011, Swartz was charged with wire fraud, computer fraud, and
other connected offenses.
The case concerned
Swartz's purported theft of millions of scholarly articles from the online
repository JSTOR, which he thought ought to be publicly available. After
downloading the publications using his MIT network access, Swartz was arrested
and a federal investigation was launched.The prosecution claimed that by
downloading a significant number of articles quickly, Swartz had broken the
terms of service of JSTOR and that his acts amounted to theft of property.
Supporters of Swartz countered that he was being unfairly prosecuted for his
activism and belief in free and open access to knowledge, and that the
accusations were overly harsh.
Numerous initiatives to
improve information access and amend US computer crime laws have been launched
in the years following Swartz's passing. The case serves as a sad reminder of
the difficulties in prosecuting cybercrime as well as the necessity for more
equitable and open legal frameworks to effectively handle the intricate
problems relating to digital technology and intellectual property.
Indian saw 129 cybercrimes
per lakh population in 2023(2)
Cybercrime rates in India has increased as it was reported in
cybercrime complaints in NCRP per lakh population in 2023 was 129. Delhi was
having the highest rate of 755 followed by Haryana and Telangana it was on
mostly on customer case refund , expiry of KYC frauds which constitute of 35%
of all frauds 24% was for online booking 22% AePS fraud and 11% on biometric
cloning 8% on android malware.
Rising cyber crime
prompts surge in cybersecurity careers (3)
There is rise of
cybercrime in today’s time as due to increase in technology and
interconnectedness from data breaches to ransomware attacks, threat to
individual business and government alike. In recent years there is rise in high
profile cyber-attacks highlighting the vulnerability of digital infrastructure
8. CYBER
SECURITY
cybersecurity involves
protection of sensitive personal and business information through prevention,
detection and response to different online attacks. there are various advantages
of cybersecurity as it defends from critical attacks, helps to browse the site,
website and process all the incoming and outgoing data on computer and defend
from hacks and virus
The two most important
security precautions that each firm takes are data security and privacy. Cybersecurity is becoming important as
everything is connected with each other. We currently live in a world where all
information is kept up to date digitally or online. Users of social networking
sites can engage with friends and family in a secure environment.
Cybercriminals would still target social networking sites in the case of home
users in order to steal personal information. In addition to social networking,
one must take all necessary security precautions when transacting bank
business. The majority of businesses are preparing for when, not if,
cyberattacks occur. Only one-third of businesses are completely confident in
the security of their information, and even less confident about the security
measures of their business partners. 98% of businesses are maintaining or
increasing their cyber security resources, and of those, half are increasing
resources devoted to online attacks this year.
Not merely an IT issue,
cybersecurity poses a risk to businesses. Nevertheless, a lot of firms still
haven't altered their accountability-focused culture. According to the Gartner
View from the Board of Directors Survey 2022, 85% of firms still assign primary
responsibility for cybersecurity to their CIO or CISO. There are different
attacks on android operating system based on massive scale.
9. CHALLENGES
OF CYBER SECURITY
·
CLOUD ATTACKS
Cloud computing is a service which
provides there customers a wide array of cloud platform to maximise efficiency
and reduce costs.it was introduced as backup storage solution which has changed
how businesses manage store and distribute data. A cloud cyberattack consists
of malevolent actions directed towards an off-site service platform that uses
its cloud infrastructure to offer hosting, computing, or storage services. They
uses different methods as by exploiting vulnerabilities in the service software
they find the weaknesses and gain access to confidential information it can se
attack on server some of the largest cloud attacks in recent years are Facebook(4)
– it was breached before august 2019 but they didn’t notified there users that
there personal data were stolen after that Facebook revealed details of the
hack on its blog, the company reputation suffered they claimed to resolve the problem.
in order to resolve a privacy suit with federal trade commission which involved
a fine of $5 billion.
LinkedIn – in 2021, it Another site
compromised by data scraping was LinkedIn. The material largely affected 700
million LinkedIn profiles and was available to the public. However, in June
2021, the hack's data was published on a dark web forum. LinkedIn clarified
that no private or sensitive information was revealed. Additionally, the
business claimed that the occurrence just broke the terms of service.
·
WEB
SERVERS
Attacks to transmit
dangerous code or retrieve data from web applications are still a
possibility. Cybercriminals utilize
hacked legitimate web servers to spread their harmful code. However, attacks
aimed at stealing data are also a serious concern, as they frequently attract
media attention. Our focus now has to
be more on safeguarding web servers and web applications. In particular, web
servers provide these cybercriminals with the ideal platform for data
theft. Therefore, it is imperative to
always utilize a safer browser, particularly while making crucial transactions,
to avoid being a victim of these crimes.
·
RANSOMWARE
ATTACKS
Malicious malware known
as ransomware has the ability to permanently harm your computer and its
contents. By locking the device or encrypting the files on it, it prevents you
from accessing your data. Ransomware attackers typically demand money in
exchange for unlocking your computer or restoring access to your data. This is
frequently accomplished through websites that demand cryptocurrency payments or
anonymous emails.
·
PHISHING
ATTACKS
Phishing is a type of
social engineering that is often used to steal credit card numbers, usernames,
and other personal information. In this cyber security issue, a malevolent
actor poses as a trustworthy party and sends emails, texts, or messages to the
target that is at risk.
·
MOBILE
NETWORKS
We can communicate with
anyone, anywhere in the globe, these days. But security is a major worry for
these mobile networks. Nowadays, as more
people use devices like tablets, phones, PCs, and other gadgets, firewalls and
other security measures are becoming more porous. These devices also call for
additional security measures on top of those offered by the programs they
use. We need to be aware of these mobile
networks' security concerns at all times.
Furthermore, mobile networks are particularly vulnerable to these
cybercrimes, thus caution must be exercised when it comes to any security
concerns.
10.
ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN CYBER SECURITY
In today’s time world has become a global platform where there is
constant interaction with each other through various modes and sides and commonly
used platform are social media like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and more and
they have became a part of everyday life it contains a vast amount of
information and authentic it does have security but still they cannot escape
cyber attacks
In an increasingly linked world, where social interactions are common,
businesses need to come up with innovative strategies for safeguarding personal
data. Social media will significantly increase personal cyber dangers and plays
a major role in cyber security. The use of social media among employees is
rapidly increasing, and with it, the risk of an attack. Since the majority of
people use social media or social networking sites virtually daily, it has
grown to be a major platform for cybercriminals to hack personal data and steal
valuable data as people easily get attracted by these platforms Social media
not only allows everyone the ability to share economically sensitive
information, but it also gives the same ability to spread incorrect
information, which may be just as harmful.
One of the rising threats noted in the Global Risks 2013 repository is
the quick dissemination of misleading information via social media
In a
world where we’re
quick to give
up o
11.
TECHNIQUES OF
CYBER SECURITY5
·
ANTI-VIRUS SOFTWARE
Computer programs known as antivirus
software are designed to identify, stop, and eliminate harmful software,
including worms and viruses. The
majority of antivirus software comes with an auto-update capability that allows
the application to download virus profiles as soon as they are found, allowing
it to scan for new infections right away.
Every system needs anti-virus software as a basic requirement.
·
FIREWALLS
A firewall is a hardware device or
software application that helps block viruses, worms, and hackers from
infecting your computer through the Internet.
Every message that enters or exits the internet is filtered by the
firewall, which checks each one and deletes any that don't fit the
predetermined security requirements. Firewalls are crucial in identifying
malware because of this.
·
ENCRYPTION
Encryption is the process of converting data into a code to
prevent unauthorized access. It is used to protect sensitive information during
storage, transmission, and processing.
·
AUTHENTICATION AND ACCESS CONTROL
Robust authentication techniques, such
multi-factor authentication, along with access control mechanisms serve to
guarantee that systems and data are only accessed by authorized personnel.
Using the user name and password to protect the information
·
SECURITY PATCHING
Regularly applying security patches and updates to operating
systems, applications, and firmware helps address vulnerabilities and protect
against known exploits
·
MALWARE SCANNERS
This software typically checks all of
the system's files and papers for dangerous viruses or malicious code. Examples of dangerous software that are
frequently bundled together and referred to as malware include viruses, worms,
and Trojan horses.
·
NETWORK SEGMENTATION
Dividing a network into segments helps contain security breaches
and limit the potential damage by restricting lateral movement within the
network.
·
SECURITY AWARNESS TRAINING
By teaching users about social
engineering threats, security best practices, and how to spot phishing
attempts, the human element in cybersecurity incidents can be considerably
decreased.
12.
CONCLUSION
With the usage of networks to conduct
vital transactions, the world is growing increasingly interconnected, making
computer security a broad topic that is becoming increasingly significant. In the digital age,
cybercrime presents a serious challenge to law enforcement. Cybercrime poses
jurisdictional challenges and anonymity, making it difficult to identify and
prosecute offenders with every new year that goes by, cybercrime and
information security continue to take different turns. Organizations face
challenges in protecting their infrastructure not only from emerging and
disruptive technologies but also from new cyber tools and attacks that emerge
on a daily basis. Securing infrastructure effectively requires not only new
platforms and intelligence, but also new approaches. Although there isn't a perfect way to stop
cybercrimes, we should make every effort to reduce them so that we may continue
to use the internet safely and securely
1.
Case law - United state v. Aaron Swartz
case 2011 Criminal No. 11-10260-NMG (D. Mass. Aug. 1, 2011) https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-swartz-8 (last
visited 27.01.2024) 6:50pm
2.
Article on cybersecurity https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rising-cyber-crime-prompts-surge-in-cybersecurity-careers/articleshow/105363450.cms
3.
Times of India Article https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Cyber-crime/news/2
4.
Cybercrime article on https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/cyber-crime/
(last visited on 28.01.2024)
5.
The Indian express.com https://indianexpress.com/article/india/a-timeline-of-the-pegasus-snooping-scandal/
(last visited 27.1.2024)
6.
A blog on cloud security breaches by https://www.arcserve.com/blog/7-most-infamous-cloud-security-breaches
(last visited 28.01.2024)
7.
How cyber security works https://www.cisco.com
8.
A study of cyber security
https://www.researchgate.net/publication
9.
Cyber Security: Understanding Cyber Crimes- Sunit Belapure
Nina Godbole
Article Information
CYBERCRIME AND CYBERSECURITY AS CHALLENGES BY: SHALINI PRIYA
Authors: SHALINI PRIYA
- Journal IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Published 2024/02/22
- Issue 7
About Journal
International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis
- Abbreviation IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Access Open Access
- License CC 4.0
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