AI APPLICABILITY IN LAW AND MANAGEMENT BY - LOKESH.G & SUGANYA.S

AI APPLICABILITY IN LAW AND MANAGEMENT
 
AUTHORED BY - LOKESH.G* & SUGANYA.S*
 
 
ABSTRACT.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the study of how to make computers do things which, now, people do better. In this way AI can also involve in many fields like education, banking & corporate sectors for data mining, and many so, as we know. In this modern day of world AI has been playing a very much role in reducing the man’s job, where we will discuss deeply in AI IN LAW & AI IN MANAGEMENT
 
INTRODUCTION.
Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is the intelligence of machines that allows them to comprehend, learn, and perform intellectual tasks much like humans.
 
With AGI, machines can emulate the human mind and behaviour to solve any kind of complex problem. Being designed to have comprehensive knowledge and cognitive computing capabilities, the performance of these machines is indistinguishable from that of humans.
 
Workflow of REAL AI
Step-1; it will take a set of large amounts of data.
Step – 2; with this data it will detect the information.
Step – 3; use the data to build a machine learning module.
 
Area of computer science that makes machines do things that would require intelligence of done by humans. AGI (also referred to as strong AI or deep AI) is based on the theory of mind AI framework. Fundamentally, the theory of mind-level AI deals with training machines to learn human behavior and understand the fundamental aspects of consciousness. With such a strong AI foundation, AGI can plan, learn cognitive abilities, make judgments, handle uncertain situations, and integrate prior knowledge in decision making or improve accuracy. AGI facilitates machines to perform innovative, imaginative, and creative tasks.
 
There are three types of AI.
1-       ARTIFICIAL NARROW INTELLIGENCE (STAGE 1)
It is generally said to be machine learning, where the machine tries to learn it.
For example- Alexa, Siri….
 
2-      ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE (STAGE 2)
It refers to the computer as smart as human.
 
3-      ARTIFICIAL SUPER INTELLIGENCE (STAGE 3)
It’s also said to be machine consciousness. here the machine will be much intelligent and much smarter than best human brains in practically every field.
 
NEED FOR AI.
The uncompromising competition of the business world forces 83% of companies to rely on the power of Artificial Intelligence solutions. Artificial Intelligence (AI) includes not only the automation of many recurring processes but goes further – it influences decision making.
 
By eliminating human errors and analysing vast amounts of various data quickly and constantly, AI equips businesses with a full range of information and provides structured solutions to arising issues. [[1]]
 
In this modern world, we are engaging into the fastest mean and searched towards the accurate where AI place a vital role in fulfilling the human want. As we are known that artificial intelligence is developing in our country very rapidly, as we know that AI is new to our country, so I will directly enter the development works of AI in our country with referred to pros & cons.
 Here I will split the AI into two aspects.
1-   AI -APPLICABILITY IN LAW
2-   AI -APPLICABILITY IN MANAGEMENT.
 
1.1   AI -APPLICABILITY IN LAW
Many countries in the world started to deploy AI on their legal justice’s system where it gives their success ratio on it. These days Artificial intelligence has been popular among people because of its ability to solve many real-world problems in advance. AI has been involved in many fields such as medical, banking and manufacturing. When considering the huge diffusion of AI in those fields, still there is not sufficient involvement in the field of law. Many law firms are still using outdated technologies and software for their work. They are not tended to use modern technologies such as AI to make their progress easier and effective. AI allows lawyers to automate their regular work and gives an empowering to dedicate their time for other valuable and tactical work. This paper presents how the use of AI can be helpful to make the law field more efficient and effective.
 
1.2-         AI IN JUDICIARY SYSTEM.
Ø  Yeah. I strongly believe that INDIA need to engage the Artificial intelligence on heading the Indian judiciary system. Here we will use AI-super intelligence to examine the case for the better examination of the case with the scenery. It will help the Judges to understand the pain and agony of the losses and need. It is under trail in our country, but if we employ that it will be a dramatic change of the Indian judiciary revolution. It also helps to speedy trial works along with reduce the work of court.
Ø  Also, we should need to feed lots of data under certain topics and headings in AI. In this, if a case comes along with the same heading and same or similar facts over it, the AI will identify the similar case history for the judges to give the judgement with the help of it. It also works like precedent.
Ø  This boosts up the overall court procedure, diminishes backlogs and delays, and allows for more timely resolution. In addition, AI algorithms can recognize patterns, precedents, and legal arguments that may have been overlooked, thereby increasing the quality and consistency of judicial decisions.
These things will consider for deploying the AI in Indian judiciary system.
 
1.3 - AI IN ADVOCACY
AI Lawyer serves as an advanced platform for Natural Language Processing (NLP) and other legal AI tools. The tool produces flawless paperwork that is legally valid and demystifies complex legal terms in a timely and exact manner. Many leading law firms in world are using AI in practise law for their legal firm for helping them in drafting contract, analysing contract, recommending case laws, working for the suits, by automating these processes, it is possible to ease Labour demands, boost output, and reduce costs, gives more accuracy and reducing the human errors.
 
1.4 - AI IN FORENSIC SCIENCE.
AI is also being used to analyse digital evidence such as images and videos by detecting objects or faces within them. This type of analysis can help investigators quickly narrow down their search and zero in on potential suspects more efficiently. AI can be able to contain crores of neural facial recognition of human facial system.
 
So, it will help much more on the field of forensic science to find the person with neuro facial recognition.
 
Also, the current DNA database maintained by the FBI, known as the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), contains case samples (DNA samples from crime scenes or "rape kits") and individuals' samples (collected from convicted felons or arrestees) that are compared automatically by the system's software as new samples are entered.
 
1.5  AI IN CRIME.
AI helps to collect and save the faces in the Neural Network Memory. Here AI plays effectively on collecting the data of their facial micro neuro skeleton system where it will effectively find out the criminals where it helps in detection of iris of eyes. It recognises and saves the facial nods with respect to iris of the eye and jaw shape of the face.
 
In DUBAI AIRPORT, this system is deployed for recognition of facial nodes and iris while walking around the airport areas for reduce the time for standing on queues. So these methods should need to be adopted in INDIA for detection of criminals in and around.
 
 
1.6  AI IN SOCIAL MEDIA.
AI should need to be feed something on the network module regarding wordings contain abusive nature, planning the war, the threat or action against the government, criminal offence, abusive sentence against a group (racism), wordings about the riots or paragraph which is circulating in the social network and so. It should need to feed in INDIAN INTERNET DATABASE to give an alarm to the cybercrime branch to get alert and to work on it. Because for humans to watch it one by one is not a possible task to perform, but AI can effectively respond over it. So, it should need to be work in advance. when the government make these initiatives, we can easily be able to break the threat over the usage of internet.
         
1.7 -  AI IN INDIAN DEFENCE.
v  Our Indian defence wing have raised the work for preparing and using certain type of OPERATING SOFTWARE to prevent the hacking and to protect the server, and to build a strong firewall. It will contain an AI in SUPER INTELLIGENCE, where it will act much smarter than best human brains practically in every field.
v  Indian army has installed about 140 AI-based surveillance systems to get live feed in the Pakistan and the China borders. Using these advanced technologies helps to detect border intrusions, target classification, and enhance the accuracy of defence operations.
v  The Indian Army has employed AI for facial recognition, language translation, remotely operated weapon stations, robotic mine detectors, and intrusion detection systems.
v  AI algorithms also analyse historical data to predict future events and outcomes. This can help defence agencies in strategic planning, resource allocation, and decision-making.
 
2 - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MANAGEMENT
Here we are known about AI plays a vital and inevitable role on performing the task like to make predictive decisions based on complex data sets that guide their decision making. AI can transform your data by offering transformational scale and speed that humans are simply unable to replicate. The major use cases of Artificial Intelligence in business management include predictive analytics, process automation, customer analytics, security surveillance, and job optimization. Predictive analytics can help businesses to predict future trends based on their current business data. These are the works done by AI in the field of management in that I have selected some specific field over the AI applicability in management.
So, in this context we will go deeply into it.
 
2.1 – AI IN MEDICAL DYNAMIC
Ø  AI is organizing medical data using deep learning and reducing methods to give clinicians and medical researchers a better grasp of the vast repository of medical data. AI is assisting scientists in tracking and advancing medical research by removing redundant methods of data analysis and manual data filtering.
Ø  AI also increase the speed, efficiency, and effectiveness of global health systems. By analysing large amounts of data in real time, AI can help improve clinical and non-clinical decision making, reduce medical variability, and optimize staffing.
Ø   Deep learning AI can be used to help detect diseases faster, provide personalized treatment plans and even automate certain processes such as drug discovery or diagnostics. It also holds promise for improving patient outcomes, increasing safety, and reducing costs associated with healthcare delivery.
Ø   The advance research of AI is, with the lots of stored data of various blood samples with regarding to prediction of their future upcoming disease and any disorders. It is done only with the storage system of AI algorithm it will predict. It has been followed in many countries and a little bit in INDIA. So, it should need to take initiatives.
 
2.1- AI IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT.
AI have played a crucial role in enhancing the monitoring, analysing, examine, decision making scheduling meetings, assigning tasks, and tracking progress many managerial works are done, especially they have works in PROJECT MANAGEMENT works which helps managers and superior authority to do all those above works. It also reduces the human manual works which may has reduce the human errors. Improves accuracy of task tracking and reporting. Reduces time sent on manually doing things.
 
AI in project management follows predictive analysis.in this if we feed a greater number of past data, it will follow this predictive analysis.
 
AI-assisted predictive analytics can help project managers anticipate and address potential problems before they arise. Predictive analytics can identify customer demand, resource availability, cost overruns, and other issues that might impact the success of a project. By leveraging AI-enabled predictive analytics, project managers can be proactive in their approach and have better control over the success of projects. It should need to be taken under due consideration for better works and to reduce the human errors.
 
Example-
MEERA TOOL- it will create the schedule for meeting using the conversation itself.
RASA.IO-it’s a tool which is used to create newsletter.
 
2.3 -AI IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT.
Yes, artificial intelligence (AI) is closely related to software engineering. In fact, AI is a subfield of computer science that focuses on developing intelligent systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
 
v  It captures criteria, business analysts will assess AI-generated ideas and drive business alignment to platform thinking. AI and technology will be a driving factor in business strategy, and business analysts will be the face of this arm of the strategy.
v  Interaction design roles will outpace UI design roles. As visual AI rapidly evolves, demand for UI design to individually lay out pages and business process flows will decrease. Interaction designers will guide AI to design UI and UX through JavaScript design systems, graphical guidelines, and continuous user testing.
v  Software architects will field the power of AI. Even at the infancy of AI in software development, we’re already seeing the rapid emergence of platform engineering. Businesses are quickly moving away from point-SaaS solutions and consolidating on both custom-built and SaaS-enabled platforms such as Salesforce, ServiceNow, and Workday.
v  Today, software architects are designing governance systems to guide code standards, development processes and more. In the future, they will power AI to build, enforce and evolve these systems on their behalf.
v  Test architecture will emerge as a highly paid, in-demand role. With autonomously built software, continuous testing will be critical. As the delivery lifecycle condenses, more testing will be needed than ever before. Automating user tests based on acceptance criteria will not be enough. Test architects will design, deploy, and maintain complex test architectures, end-to-end test new functionality, continually conduct exploratory testing, and execute ever-evolving regression suites. [[2]]
 
The best examples for this software in AI include LENSE KART.
Because it gives you the AI in merging the face with suitable glasses which will gives you samples of many sorts of lens. So, it will create a good name and fame for the company and the customer will won’t change to any other brand.
 
And, they have saved the details of all the customers of them with computer data. when they again go for the shop, the shopkeeper will easily find the past data’s and they will create a best impression over the company.
 
Another example is LEVIEV DIAMOND COMPANY.
They use this AI to detect the information to store data of customers valuable days like birthday, wedding days, feast day, of every individual person. On that special occasion this company will give them a gift which is wishing the special days. also, if the customers in abroad, they will send the gift to the customer where form nearby their won franchise form that company. Here it makes this brand world level famous and make the customer loyal towards their brand.
 
2.4 – AI IN WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT.
AI in warehouse generates value through various sub-technology, including machine learning, natural language processing, robotics, and computer vision. Machine learning employs algorithms to "learn from experience" and make practical warehouse decisions. It detects sensor data patterns and recommends faster replenishment of nearly out-of-stock items, shorter walking routes, and better inventory positioning.
 
Some AI features make warehouse wearable technology possible.
Ø  Natural language processing enables voice-picking, allowing workers to work hands-free and more safely.
Ø  Smart glasses have cameras that use computer vision to recognize barcodes automatically.
Ø  Cameras strategically placed throughout the warehouse also use computer vision to enable end-to-end product tracking.
 
Finally, robotics gives AI a physical presence, spatial awareness, and the ability to move in the real world. The capabilities of AI robots can range from loading or unloading a pallet to moving cargo around the warehouse and performing picking operations.
 
Many warehouse-related activities are already automated, but incorporating IoT-enabled devices into these processes will significantly improve both speed and accuracy. Wireless cloud data communications allow all elements of your system to participate in a conversation that includes system monitoring and control.
 
Additionally, deep learning techniques enable computers to continuously analyse the data streams generated by these parts, allowing them to adjust and advancements in an integrated WMS (Warehouse Management System) in real-time. The most contentious way AI will transform warehouse management is in labour costs. At this stage of development, robot assistance has only a marginal impact on existing operations. Still, AI has the potential - and will have the potential - to improve machine handling capabilities, with 30% of UK warehousing jobs becoming fully automated by 2030. [ [3]]
 
Data collection, processing, and predictable physical activities are the most likely sectors for automation. Established eCommerce enterprises claim that increasing automation will create jobs by increasing the overall scale of their business activities, but this will be determined as time goes on.
 
Ø  AI can assist in forecasting the amount of labour you will need at various warehouses, the types of transport necessary, and the available routes.
Ø  Products can be automatically stacked and stored in a facility using warehouse automation robots. Depending on the popularity of each product, placement can be determined algorithmically so that frequently purchased items are close by and infrequently purchased things are farther away.
Ø  Intelligent systems can validate product orders automatically and assist with product dispatch, shipment tracking, and customer feedback collection.
 
Companies Using AI in Warehouse
Let's look at a few cases of businesses that have successfully implemented AI in warehousing and logistics:
AMAZON
Amazon, the most valuable brand in the world, uses robots and AI technology in its warehouses to improve productivity, build platforms for the warehouse and online store, and foresee and avoid problems that might arise during the customer journey.
 
FLIPKART
In India this company has a warehouse spread across 110 acres, has 5 million cubic feet of storage. Flipkart claims that it is one of Asia’s largest facilities.
They use automated storage and retrieval systems, robotic packaging arms, cross belt sorters, a nine-kilometre-long network conveyor belt and automated guided vehicles. [[4]]
 
2.5 - AI - DECISION MAKING
Businesses tend to choose solutions empowered with big data, Artificial Intelligence, or Machine Learning more and more often. Such solutions can aggregate data from various areas of the company’s operations, such as finance, accounting, customer service, and more.
 
AI has enormous potential to transform decision-making across various industries. The technology can automate decision-making processes, analyse large data sets, and provide insights that humans may be unable to see.
 
Despite these challenges, many organizations have successfully implemented AI for decision-making and are seeing benefits in terms of improved efficiency, cost savings, and enhanced customer experiences. To tap the decision-making potential of AI, organizations need to have modern data infrastructure, hire specialized professionals, involve stakeholders in the design and implementation process, and ultimately get all employees involved.
To leverage decision making with the help of AI and ML, This is how it works in a simple manner:  
1.      Configure a required set of tools for data collection, synchronization, transformation, and analysis.
2.      Tailor a rule or framework for data processing.
3.      Receive an output, which you can use to decide on a particular case or solve an existing challenge. 
 
2.6 - AI-EDUCATION.
Artificial Intelligence in Education is developing new solutions for teaching and learning for different situations. Nowadays, AI is being used by different schools and colleges across different countries.
 
AI in education has given a completely new perspective of looking at education to teachers, students, parents, and of course, the educational institutions as well. AI in education is not about humanoid robots as a teacher to replace human teachers, but it is about using computer intelligence to help teachers and students and making the education system much better and effective.
 
 In future, the education system will have lots of AI tools that will shape the educational experience of the future.
 
With AI, it is possible to generate smart content in three ways:
1.      Digital Lessons: Nowadays, everything is becoming digital, and so the education. Digital learning is being preferred in colleges with customization options, e-books, study guides, bite-sized lessons, and many other things with the help of AI.
2.      Information Visualization: Visualizing things rather than listening is much more efficient to understand in a better way and keep in mind for a long time. With Artificial Intelligence, the study information can be perceived in new ways of visualization, simulation, web-based study environment.
3.      Learning content Updates: Moreover, AI also helps in preparing the content of lessons, keeping information up to date, and make it adaptable as per different learning curves.
 
 
Universal Access
One of the great uses of Artificial Intelligence of digital learning in education is universal access to study material. Each student has his own grasping capability, and with the use of universal access, they can learn anywhere and anytime. Students can explore things whenever they want to learn without waiting for the tutor. Moreover, students get the facility of high-quality courses and material from all over the world at their place only without travelling away from their home.
 
FIRST INDIAN SCHOOL.
According to India Today, India has got its first ever AI school in Kerala. This pioneering development was launched by Santhigiri Vidhyabhavan in Kerala’s capital city, Thiruvananthapuram. The school inauguration ceremony was done by former President Ram Nath Kovind. [[5]]
 
The significant features of the first AI school in Kerala:
Personalised support services
The AI school caters to students from 8 to 12 grade with various multifaceted support services. They will get many benefits like support from multitude of teachers, different test levels, aptitude tests, career planning, memory techniques and counselling. This AI school also assists students and parents in various other activities such as schoolwork’s, competitions and tests.
 
The holistic skill development
Besides the academics, this AI system offered by the Vedhik eSchool nurtures the skills like interview techniques, group discussion aptitude, mathematical prowess, writing finesse, etiquette, English proficiency and emotional well-being as well.
 
Competitive exam preparations
This AI school equips its students to prepare for competitive exams like JEE, NEET, CUET, CLAT GMAT and IELTS, for a better higher education.
 
Better guidance for future
The guidance on scholarship opportunities is another significant feature of this AI school. It helps students get opportunities for esteemed foreign universities and paves the way for students to pursue their higher studies in foreign countries.
 
Advanced technology in low cost
Though AI school uses the cutting-edge technologies, it is of low cost. The online resources that are made using AI are available in the school website which makes students use them at any time without spending too much on them.
 
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the UN-specialized agency for information and communication technologies – Statement on the closing of the 2023 AI for Good Global Summit
Geneva, 07 July 2023
??For two days, governments, policymakers, industry leaders, academics, scientists, technology innovators, civil society and the UN community met at ITU's AI for Good Global Summit in Geneva, Switzerland. As the convenor of the event, ITU is pleased to have been able to bring these parties together to find practical applications of artificial intelligence to advance the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Recognizing the urgency brought on by the emergence of generative AI and the challenges posed by AI, participants also discussed the need for guardrails and global AI governance frameworks.
 
A variety of ideas related to the future of AI were presented at the AI for Good Global Summit. These include setting up a registry of new or anticipated AI applications, a global observatory on AI and new institutional bodies, as well as proposals to empower existing organizations that may already have the expertise and structures to tackle challenges brought on by AI. It is important to analyse what's feasible, what's already available and what can be done so that a roadmap is created for the short, medium, and long terms. Leveraging its expertise, the UN group on AI led by ITU and UNESCO is geared up to help move forward efforts on these.
 
ITU is committed to AI standards development and capacity building, supporting responsible AI development and deployment, and driving strong collaboration with all stakeholders. We need to show the world what an inclusive, safe and responsible AI can do for humanity. Together with our UN partners, ITU will work to integrate AI capacity support into our digital transformation offerings, and we will undertake sector-focused AI readiness work in critical areas such as health, smart mobility and smart cities, and advance universal health.
From here on, our work on AI at ITU, the UN system and society as a whole should only grow in intensity. While ITU focuses on ensuring that the 2.7 billion people that are offline around the world get connected to digital technologies, we are also committed to ensuring that AI serves everyone, everywhere for the greater good. [[6]]
 
3.1   - CONCLUSION.
We may not yet have true AI capable of deftly synthesizing language, but machine-based discovery is tantalizingly close as data scientists push the boundaries of what’s possible with the word and phrase embeddings that come out of deep learning models. This work will eventually give us the equivalent of a smart, speed-reading assistant capable of easily summarizing data and making recommendations. It won’t be perfect, and there’s still a lot of work to do, but the economic value it will deliver will be a game-changer. Here I focus only on positive things only because we need to adopt it for our need.
 
BIBLOGRAPHY
1.      BOOK- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
LAW AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS.
EDITORS – PURVI POKHARIYAL, AMIT K KASHYAP, ARUN B PRASAD.
PUBLICATION - EASTERN BOOK COMPANY
FIRST EDITION- 2020
ISBN - 9789389656954
 
2.      BOOK – ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
AUTHOR – ELAINE RICH, KELVIN KNIGHT, SHIVASHANKAR B NAIR.
EDITION - THIRD EDITION
PUBLICATION- McGraw Hill Education
ISBN - 9780070087705
 

* 3RD YEAR LLB. GOVT LAW COLLEGE-VILLUPURAM, COMPLETED BA CRIMINOLOGY, VICTIMOLOGIST
* 2ND YEAR LLB. GOVT LAW COLLEGE-VILLUPURAM, COMPLETED B.COM, VICTIMOLOGIST.
[1] https://www.comidor.com/knowledge-base/machine-learning/ai-decision-making/
[2] https://www.infoworld.com/article/3704270/ai-and-the-future-of-software-development.html
[3] https://firstbridge.io/blog/artificial-intelligence/ai-in-warehouse-management
[4] https://www.businessinsider.in/business/ecommerce/news/how-flipkart-uses-robots-and-cobots-to-speed-up-delivery/articleshow/94043608.cms
[5] https://indiaai.gov.in/news/india-s-first-ai-school-launched-in-kerala
[6] https://www.itu.int/en/mediacentre/Pages/2023-07-07-statement-ai-for-good-global-summit.aspx