Open Access Research Article
A STUDY ON HONOUR KILLING WITH SPECIAL REFENCE TO TAMILNADU
Published Paper
Article Details
A STUDY ON HONOUR KILLING WITH
SPECIAL REFENCE TO TAMILNADU
AUTHORED BY
- B. KUBENDRAN,
M.L.,
Assistant Professor,
Government
Law College, Madurai in the Department Of Legal Studies,
Tamil Nadu
and Affiliated to the Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai.
ABSTRACT
This article tends to have A study on
honour killing with special reference to tamilnadu it is pertinent to note
that, on a study on honour killing, it is found that, an honour killing is an
inhuman act of violation of human rights that has been going on since the very
beginning of our Indian history. Especially on the basis of caste or on the
basis of religion or on the basis of race, a man is killed by his own family
members or by other human beings. This kind of crime has been perpetuated in
the society in order to disturb human dignity. This inhumane crime has spread
like no other in various states of our Indian country with a large population,
especially in Tamil Nadu, these honour killings have been happening since the
beginning. Various cases can be cited as an example of this, especially in the
last three years, 81 honour killings have taken place in Tamil Nadu alone, in
which 80% of the victims are women and 20% are men. Even more recently On April
15, 2023, Subash , youth of Ootthankarai
near in Krishnagri district got a
love married Anusha who belonged to the Dalit caste of the
Tripur district and Subash’s father
Thandapani was committed honour killed
Subash and He committed grievous hurt on Anusha. After that Subash’s
father Thandapani was arrested by the police and trail is going on in the
court. Thus honour
killings continue the author arrives at a conclusion these need to be reduced
and need separate laws.
1. INTRODUCTION: -
Honour killing or killing for honour
is a heinous crime. In patriarchal societies, girls or women are constantly
inspected as they are considered weak compared to males. Maintaining a woman’s
virginity and “sexual purity” are considered the responsibility of male
relatives, first her father and brothers and then her husband. Victims of
honour killings generally are alleged to have engaged in “sexually immoral”
actions by causing damage to their family name. It is also observed that such a
crime often goes underreported. Also in this article we can see in
detail about honour killing, various honour killings cases in tamilnadu and how
to prevent them.
2. DEFINITION OF HONOUR KILLINGS: -
Honour killing is killing a person,
may be a male or a female who chooses her marital life according to his/her
wish. Thinking about the honour of the family, the supreme authority of the
family looks about the reputation and status of the family but forget about the
love and affection towards the members of the family. In the research paper, the
honour killing in India and the role of law in honour killing is defined. These
matters happen because of certain triggers of the society.
For instance, if the husband is of
the lower section of the society, it eventually reduces the status of the
family which induces the male member of the family to kill the girl. They
should keep in mind that their girl s life is more than caste and the caste is
not important than the love and affection towards their child.
Honour killing is an act of murder by
members of the family. This would be the immoral conduct of the members of the
family belief in caste and gotras above one’s life. It is done to remove a
family member’s dishonour and shame. The male or any member of the family kills
the person who doesn’t match their social standing. It might even be a
pre-planned murder; the key reasons are caste and religion. Even after 70 years
of Independence, people still believe in the superiority of caste above life.
India is a democratic country where all people have the right to equal
treatment and the right to life.
3. REASONS OF HONOUR KILLING: -
There can be numerous excuses given
behind occurrence of such heinous crime but these reason won’t change the fact
that even today our society is under dominance of such thoughts and believes
which relates sexual relationships with honour of family and kills member of
own family in the name of protecting honour. However, few reasons that are
given behind occurrence of honour killings include:
1. Stratification:
Sociologists believe that behind
continued practice of honour killing is continued rigidity of caste system. It
is these fear losing caste systems that make people commit such heinous crime.
2. Mentality:
Till today, society is unable to
accept the marriage which has taken place in same gotra or outside. The society
till today negatives the right of choice of marriage and in support of their
claim gives vague reasons like mobilization of caste or restriction of other
caste to interfere.
3. Lack
of Governance:
The root of the cause for the
increase of honour killing is because the formal governance has not been able
to reach the rural areas. It is not wrong to say that for better development
one should start from zero.
4. Katta Panchyats:
Katta Panchayats were primarily
called upon by the affluent and upper caste people who consolidate their power
and position way back in 14th century India liked.in these have become highly
male- was dominated. And katta Panchayat leads to the brutal governance of the
illegal and unconstitutional panchayat. Earlier, when there was no explicit
recognizance of rights of individual, then decisions of such katta Panchayats
may be considered of relevance, but, now, when there are laws which recognize
and protect the rights of individual, the, there is no need for existence of such
institution in the society.
5. Illiteracy:
The illiteracy of people regarding
their rights and relief are also one of the reasons behind prevalence of honour
killings.
6. Sex Ratio:
Increasing difference in sex ratio is
also one of the reason leading to honour killings. Honour killing are happening
in the area where the sex ratio is low and girls are being bought for
marriages.
7. Caste associations:
Honour killings happen because caste
associations use their caste votes to survive and politicize their caste and
occasionally incite caste pride among their own caste people.
8. Status:
A person’s ascribed status is more
important than the achieved status. Ascribed status is one which is based on
birth and is inherited involuntarily. It is fixed. While, achieved status is
one which is determined by performance, educational qualification or merit.
9. Inter, intra-caste marriage:
Still present society is unable to
accept love marriages and when such love marriage is one who is not the member
of same caste, then it mostly end with crimes like honour killing.
10. Decision by Male Community:
Honour killing is mostly because of a
decision given by male member of the society. They do so when they see that
there is opposition to their prevalent dominant position and in order to curb
any such dominance, mostly male members of the community actively participate
in such heinous crimes.
11. Prestige of Every Caste:
Honour killing has not emerged as a
crime associated only with upper caste rather it is prevalent in lower caste as
well. In a race to show that they are no less honoured, they also participate
in such brutal crimes.
4. WHAT ARE THE PUNISHMENT FOR HONOUR KILLING UNDER
IINDIAN PENAL CDE-1860[1]
AND OTHER LAWS? -
Sections 299–304: Punish any person guilty of murder and culpable homicide not amounting
to murder. The penalty for Murder is life imprisonment or death, and a fine.
The punishment for non-murder culpable homicide is life imprisonment or
imprisonment for up to 10 years and a fine.
Section 307:
Punishes threaten to kill for up to 10 years of imprisonment and a fine. If a
person gets injured, the punishment can extend to life in prison.
Section 308:
Punishes attempt to commit culpable homicide by imprisonment for up to 3 years,
with a fine, or with both. If it causes
injury, the person shall be imprisoned or fined for up to 7 years, or both.
Section 120A and 120B: Punish whoever participates in a criminal conspiracy.
Sections 107–116: Punish people for abetting murders, including murder and culpable
homicide.
Section 34 and 35: Punishes several-person criminal acts in support of common intention.
To know more about these provisions,
don't miss to visit our course page on IPC.
OTHER LAWS: -
1. The Protection of Civil Rights
Act, 1955.
2. The Protection of Civil Rights
Rules, 1977.
4. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Rules, 1995
5. The Scheduled Castes and the
Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act, 2015.
6.
The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities)
Rules, 2016.
7. The Protection of Human Rights
(Amendment) Act, 2006 makes the provision for protection of individual rights
of human beings and the constitution of a National Human Rights Commission,
State Human Rights Commission and Human Rights Courts for better protection of
human rights of individuals.
8. India is a
signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of all forms of
Discrimination against Women (CEDAW 1979) and has also ratified the convention.
The provisions of CEDAW can be
used to argue that the tradition and practice of punishing individuals for
ill-informed ideas of dishonouring the family, is essentially institutionalized
discrimination against individuals and creates a legally binding obligation for
India, as a State party to the convention, to take all measures to end all
forms of the practice of honour killing and ensure that all discrimination
against women in matters relating to marriage and family relations are
eliminated, providing them with the equal right to enter into marriage and to
freely choose a spouse and to enter into marriage with their free and full
consent.
9. Under Article 12 of the
International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR 1976)
State parties have to take all steps to ensure the right of everyone to the
enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.
Crimes of honour that involve sexual violence and mental violence or physical
or mental torture obstruct the right of women to enjoy the highest attainable
standard of health. India, as a State party, is therefore legally obligated to
ensure that individuals and victims of crimes of honour are able to avail this
right.
10. Two major UN documents call for
the elimination of honour killing. The concept of elimination appears in the Declaration
on the Elimination of Violence against Women (1993) and in Working towards the
Elimination of Crimes against Women Committed in the Name of Honour (2003). But
the eradication of any such phenomenon like honour killing requires a serious
intervention in the status quo. Equal gender relations have not yet been
achieved and violence still exists in the name of honour. The whole system in
itself is patriarchal and insensitive.
5. HONOUR KILLINGS AND INDIAN
CONSTITUTION[3]:-
Articles 14 and 15 of the Indian
Constitution refer to equality before the law, which indicates that all Indian
citizens would be treated equally before the law without regard to their caste,
creed, sex, race, or religion.
In cases of honour killing, the act
is committed more often against a female member of the family than a male,
demonstrating that there is no equality before the law. The murder of a woman
constitutes a gender violation.
The Indian Constitution's Articles 19
and 21 discuss the rights to freedom and life, respectively. Both a person's
rights are infringed in an honour killing. A person has the right to select
their life partner. No one can take away anyone’s right to freedom and life.
6. NCRB (The National Crime Record Bureau) REPORT AND
BILL ON HONOUR KILLINGS: -
Ø A recently published report by the
Dalit Human Rights Defenders Network (DHRDNet)[4], in
collaboration with the National Council for Women Leaders (NCWL), gets into the
granular details of caste-based honour killings from seven states – Haryana, Gujarat,
Bihar, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh
Ø A recently published report by the
Dalit Human Rights Defenders Network (DHRDNet), in collaboration with the
National Council for Women Leaders (NCWL), gets into the granular details of caste-based
honour killings from seven states – Haryana, Gujarat, Bihar, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu,
Maharashtra and Uttar
Pradesh.
Ø In these two cases, the study says,
the dominant caste men allegedly lured women belonging to the Dalit community
into a relationship and, when pressured for marriage, gathered the family and
friends to murder them. One of these incidents occurred in Uttar Pradesh and
another in Tamil Nadu. “These two [cases] have been left out of this report as
they are clearly caste-based sexual violence and not entirely ‘honour’ crimes,”
the study observes.
Ø India has no dedicated legislation
for honour-based crimes. These cases, although of a peculiar nature, are
investigated under the existing provisions of the IPC, and when the victim belongs
to either a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe community, the SC/ST (Prevention
of Atrocities) Act is applied.
Ø But there are at least five instances
when the victims of the honour crime belonged to the Other Backward Classes or
nomadic communities. In these cases, the police could only invoke the IPC
sections.
Ø In 2012, the Law Commission of India
recommended that a separate law be enacted specifically for honour-based
crimes. As part of the report, the Prohibition of Interference with the Freedom
of Matrimonial Alliances Bill was drafted and proposed specific legal actions,
including the criminalisation of intimidation of a couple.
Ø However, “no MP presented this Bill
in parliament,” the report points out, pushing the law commission’s work into
cold storage.
Ø In 2018, the Supreme Court in Shakti
Vahini vs. Union of India recognised honour killing as a serious issue and
enumerated preventive, remedial and punitive measures placing accountability
and responsibility upon the state and the police administration to curb
honour-based crimes. The apex court also observed that khap panchayats have no
authority to issue diktats or implement laws.
Ø The only state to have so far shown
some seriousness in addressing this menace is Rajasthan. In 2019, Rajasthan introduced
a Bill in the state legislature modelled on the 2012 Law Commission Report. It
was passed in the Rajasthan assembly in August 2019. However, it has not become
an Act as it is not signed off by the governor.
Ø Among the human rights defenders who
worked on the ground include lawyers Savita Ali, Seraj Ahmed and Imteyaz Ansari
in Bihar; Preeti Vaghela, Dineshbhai Priyadarshi, Piyushbhai Sarvaiya, Nimisha
Parmar and Govindbhai Parmar in Gujarat; Sonia Khatri and Manjur Khatri in
Haryana; Bhanu Pratap in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh; Prachi Salve and
Prabhakar Sonavane in Maharashtra; Dharmadurai,
Mutthu, Ramachandran and Arumugan in Tamil Nadu; and Shobhana Smriti, Seema
Gautam, Poonam in Uttar Pradesh. The report has been authored by Shewli Kumar from the Tata
Institute of Social Sciences and Tamil Nadu-based lawyer Iswarya Subbiah.
Separate law needed:-
Ø It strongly proposes a need for
separate legislation to tackle the problem. Right now, it says, the actual
extent of this crime is impossible to identify in the absence of a special law.
Ø The National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB)[5] records statistics related to crimes
in India every year. It is only since 2014 that the NCRB has been recording
crimes registered under the heading ‘honour killing’, which are unreliable and
partial, the study says.
Ø “As there is no law, most cases get
registered under murder or other provisions of the IPC. Very few cases are
properly registered as honour killings. Data should be studiously collected on
crimes in the name of honour. An exclusive database must be maintained at the
district, state and national levels,” the study recommends.
Ø The organisations feel the government
needs to commit to the abolition of caste-based discrimination and violence and
caste-based patriarchy as “national goals” with “the specificity of caste-class
and gender-based violence against women, men, boys and girls being
acknowledged, and that its abolition be incorporated into law and policy”.
Ø The organisations also draw attention
to the Special Marriage Act and recommend that the procedure for the
registration of marriages must be simplified and made quicker in order to avoid
hassles and harassment from external sources. “The time gap between the date of
giving notice of marriage and the registration should be removed and the entire
process of registration of marriage should be expedited,” one of the
recommendations reads.
7. HONOUR KILLINGS IN TAMILNADU: -
In less than three years, Tamil Nadu
has witnessed 81 incidents of honour killings with the ghastly murder of Dalit
youth Shankar in Udumalpet in neighbouring Tirupur district being the latest.
The Dalit youth Shankar was attacked
with machetes and sickle by a gang of five men in full public view near the
crowded Udumalpet bus terminus on Sunday afternoon for marrying a caste Hindu
girl Kausalya from Palani defying opposition by her parents.
Though honour killings are on the
rise, not a single case has ended up in conviction in the state as family
members are involved in such murders.
In an attempt to cover up incidents
of honour killings, the Tamil Nadu government dismisses incidents of honour
killings and is one among the few states that has not submitted its report on
it to the Supreme Court.
"As many as 22 states have given
details on honour killings to the apex court," he said, adding, that most
cases of honour killings are merely passed off as suicides.
Of the 81 incidents of honour
killings, 80 per cent of victims are women and 20 per cent are men. Caste Hindu
women, who love or marry a Dalit, are murdered by their family members. On the
other hand Dalit women, who marry caste Hindu men, are ditched due to societal
pressure. Almost 84 per cent of Dalit women, who are into inter-caste marriage,
face humiliation due to marital discord.
In a disturbing trend, the Western
districts of Tamil Nadu have also been gaining notoriety for honour killings.
As many as 30 incidents of honour killings have been reported in Western
districts since 2007, he claimed.
Gokulraj, who was in love with a girl
from Gounder community, was murdered and his body was abandoned on the railway
track at East Thottipalayam near Pallipalayam in Tiruchengode on June 24 last
year.
In a similar tragic end to a love
story, in 2012, Dalit youth E Ilavarasan, whose marriage to a Vanniyar girl
triggered caste tension with torching of over 200 huts of Dalit families, was
found dead near a railway track in Dharmapuri.
Though incidents of honour killings
have been in prevalence for long, the culture of mob violence and daring
murders in full public view have been sowed by caste-based outfits that are
growing in popularity.
"Ghastly murders of Dalit youths
only indicate that caste-based violence and politics are intertwined in Tamil
Nadu. Those who unleash violence for the sake of community tend to enjoy the
backing of caste-based outfits. It is hence Yuvaraj turned into a hero and was
given rousing welcome when he arrived to surrender in Gokulraj murder case [6].
8. CASELAWS IN TAMILNADU: -
On July 8, 2003, S.Murukeshan, a
Dalit youth of kuppa natham village near viruthasalam in kadalur district got a
love married to D.kannagi who belonged to the upper caste of the same area and
kannaki’s father, brother, and relatives poured poison into their mouths,
beaded, set on fire and burned them to death
Later
these were registered as a case of honour killing and 15 accused were
included in the case and kannaki’s father, father, brother and their
relatives involved in this case in 2021
including the police inspector and other police who helped them not register a
case of murder, were sentenced to life imprisonment by the cuddalore district
special session court.
On July 5, 2014, Ilavarasan Dalit
youth of Natham colony village near in Dharmapuri district got a love married
to Divya on 2012, who belonged to the upper caste girl of the same area after
that due to this he was murdered on the above date and his body was lying on
the railway tracks behind the government college of dharmapuri. The police
investigation is going on.
On March 17, 2014, Suresh Dalit youth of ucchipuli village near in Ramanathapuram district got a
love married to R.vaitheki who belonged to the upper caste of the same area
and then vaitheki was 5 month pregnant
women then vaideki’s mother and brother, uncle and their relatives beat
vaitheki and buried her in vaigai river.
After that all those involved in the
case were arrested by the police and trail is going on in the court.
4.Vimaladevi case [10]
On October 01, 2014, Dilipkumar Dalit
youth of Usilampatti near in Madurai district got a love married to Vimaladevi
who belonged to the upper caste of the same area and then vimaladevi’s father
and their relatives set the car on fire
and then killed them.
After that all those involved in the
case were arrested by the police and trail is going on in the court.
5.Palaniyappan case [11]
On December 10, 2014 Palaniappan, a
caste Hindu, developed a relationship with a Dalit women identified as
Amirthavalli, when her father was working as a labour in the farm house of the
man’s family at Keelmaruthur village in Tiruvarur district. Later, Palaniappan
and Amirthavalli got married in Tirppur and a boy was also born to the couple a
year ago. Above date the couple returned to the village with the baby and
as news reached Palaniappan’s brothers, Ramakrishnan, Sivasubramanian and two
others, they reportedly kidnapped them along with their baby and hacked them to
death with sickles.
After that Palaniappan’s brothers and
those who involved this case was arrested by the police and trail is going on
in the court.
6.Gokulraj case [12]
On June 23, 2015 Gokulraj ,a Dalit
youth of Omalur near in Salem district got a love to Swathi
who belonged to the upper caste of the same area and Swathi’s relatives
and caste association was committed honour killing and Gokulraj was beheaded and thrown on the railway tracks
Later these were registered as a case
of honour killing and 10 accused were included in the case, in 2022 were double
sentenced to life imprisonment by the Madurai district special session court.
On March 13, 2016 The Dalit youth Shankar was attacked with
machetes and sickle by a gang of five men in full public view near the crowded
Udumalpet bus terminus on Sunday afternoon for marrying a caste Hindu girl Kausalya
from Palani defying opposition by her parents.
After that Later these were
registered as a case of honour killing and 7 accused were included in the case
and Kausalya’s father, mother, and their hire killers involved in this case in
2017 were sentenced to capital punishment, life imprisonment by the Tirupur
district special session court. After that 0n 2020 Kausalya’s father and mother
actual and changed the sentenced to other accused such life imprisonment before
by the Madras high court.
On May, 2016 Kalpana, a Dalit girl
from Elango Nagar, Vannarappat, Tirunelveli district, was in love with her
younger brother Viswanathan, a railway employee to Kaveri, an upper caste Hindu
woman from the same area and due to kalpana arranged a love marriage for both
of them thus enraged by this and Kaveri's father, Sankaranarayanan, mother,
Chellamal, and relatives brutally killed Kalpana on the above mentioned date.
After that Kavery’s father
Sankaranarayanan mother Chellammal and their relatives was arrested by the
police and trail is going on in the court.
9.Nandish case [15]
On November 17, 2018, Nanthees Dalit
youth of hosur near in kirishnagiri district got a love married to Swathi who
belonged to the upper caste of the same area. Thus enraged by this on the above
date Swathi’s parents kidnapped both murdered Nanthees and killed Swathi by
shaving her head and mutilating her face and throwing the bodies in the Cauvery
River.
After that Swathi’s parents and their
relatives was arrested by the police and trail is going on in the court.
10.Kangaraj case [16]
On June 3O, 2019 Kanagaraj, a upper
caste youth of Mettupalayam near in
Coimbatore district got a love to Dharshini priya who belonged to the Dalit girl of the same
area. Enraged by this on the above date
Kanagaraj’s brother Vinoth Kumar chased Kanagaraj and Dharshini priya to run in
the middle of the road finally Kanagaraj was killed by his brother and cut the
Dharshini priya too, causing serious injuries.
After that Kanagaraj’s brother Vinoth
Kumar was arrested by the police and trail is going on in the court.
On march 21, 2023 Jegan ,a youth of poor back ground family of
kittampatty near in Krishnagiri
district got a love married saranya
who belonged to the upper level background of the same area and
saranya’s father and relatives honour
killed Jegan by slitting his neck
After that Saranya’s father sangar
and their relatives was arrested by the police and trail is going on in the
court
12 .Subash case [18]
On April 15, 2023 On Subash, youth of
Ootthankarai near in Krishnagri district
got a love married Anasuya who belonged to the Dalit caste of the Tripur
district and Subash's father Dhandapani threatened his son not to go ahead with
the relationship with Anasuya. However, not paying heed to that, Subhash and Anasuya tied the nuptial
knot 15 days ago and did not visit the family residence. Subash's grandmother
Kannammal invited the newly-wed couple to her house in Arunapathi village to
attend the Tamil New Year day and they reached there on April 13. When
Dhandapani came to knew about this, he went there and hacked Subash to death.
Kannammal who tried to prevent her son Dhandapani from attacking Subash was
also hacked to death. An enraged Dhandapani attacked Anasuya also but she
escaped with deep injuries and is admitted in Government hospital, Uthangarai.
On hearing cries from
Kannammal's house, neighbours rushed the injured to the government hospital at
Uthangarai where Kannammal and Subash were declared brought dead while Anasuya
was in critical condition.
After that Subash’s father Dhandapani
was arrested by the police and trail is going on in the court.
9. CONCLUTION AND SUGGESTIONS: -
As previously stated, honour killing
occurs when one family member is murdered by others. Unfortunately, honour
killing is widespread in rural India in a democracy where everyone has
countless rights to express themselves. Because rural areas are clueless about
the rights specifically designed for them, people need to be aware of their
rights and the laws created to protect them. India and various other countries
adopt this practice which should be completely banned. Moreover it comes as a hurdle to
provisions of Fundamental rights provided under Indian Constitution. In order
to eradicate the evils of honour killing there should be introduction of new
acts or legislations which should be very strict and bring in the scope to
every person whoever commits this crime, penalize them with strict punishment
so that it create a fear in the minds of the people who tries to commit it.
Strict laws will discourage people in acting or committing such a heinous
crime.
SUGGESTIONS: -
Honour Killings have emerged as a
social evil and each and every institutions of society has to put forth a hand
in order to eradicate this evil from the society. Certain recommendations to do
so include:
1. Media:
Media can play an effective role in spreading awareness about the rights
available to victims and about the unconstitutionality of Katta Panchayat’s
verdicts.
2. Female Feticide: It is very necessary to improve declining sex ratio. It is the main
cause behind occurrence of Honour Based Crime sin male dominant society.
3. Education:
Education can be seen as one of the most effective tool to eradicate this
social issue and change the misunderstandings and ill-predictions of human
mind-sets.
4. Need Separate law: Laws should be made clear and strict as far as honour killing is
concerned. Such separate law will act as deterrent to people in committing such
heinous crimes.
5. Caste System: Caste based discrimination should be removed. It can be removed only by
acceptance of inter, intra-caste marriages.
7. NGO’s: NGO’s
should actively come forward to spread awareness regarding ill-effects of
honour killings and also should protect the rights of those infringed or
hampered because of honour based violence.
8. Mentality: Most
of the people in rural areas consider their duty to abide by the verdicts of
Katta Panchayat, instead of weighing such verdicts on the compass of right or
wrong. There are also people who think that inter-caste marriage is bane on the
family name. Such mentality should be changed. Such people should be made aware
about the ills of the path to which they have proceeded and in the way they are
sacrificing their near and dear ones.
9. Politicians or Influential People: Work of politician and influential people should be
directed towards welfare and development of whole in spite of their own self.
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https://blog.finology.in/Legal-news/honour-killing-in-india
[2]
https://blog.ipleaders.in/honour-killings-india-need-urgent-reforms-new-laws/
[4]
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[5]
https://thewire.in/caste/caste-honour-killings-cases-laws
[6] https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/crime/150316/81-honour-killings-in-three-years-in-tamil-nadu.html
[7]
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[8] https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ilavarasan-death-tamil-nadu-madras-high-court-cb-cid-suicide-961970-2017-02-22
[9]
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[10]
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[11]
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[12]
https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/gokulraj-murder-case-madras-high-court-upholds-life-sentence-of-8-convicts-2388138-2023-06-02
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https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/udumalpet-honour-killing-kausalya-shankar-the-woman-who-lived/article31934851.ece
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https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/couple-falls-victim-to-honour-killing/article25521088.ece
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https://www.indiatoday.in/crime/story/coimbatore-honour-killing-days-after-lover-hacked-to-death-by-his-kin-dalit-girl-succumbs-to-injuries-1558475-2019-06-29
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https://www.dtnext.in/tamilnadu/2023/03/21/youth-hacked-to-death-in-krishnagiri-in-alleged-honour-killing
[18] https://www.dtnext.in/tamilnadu/2023/04/15/honour-killing-man-kills-mother-son-in-krishnagiri
Article Information
A STUDY ON HONOUR KILLING WITH SPECIAL REFENCE TO TAMILNADU
Authors: B. KUBENDRAN
- Journal IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Published 2023/08/30
- Issue 7
About Journal
International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis
- Abbreviation IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Access Open Access
- License CC 4.0
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